South Mountain Railroad (Cumberland)

Last updated
South Mountain Railroad
Overview
Locale Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
History
Commenced1869 (1869)
Completed1870 (1870) [1]
Chartered1865 (SM Iron Co)
Acquired1877 (SM Railway & Mining Co.) [2]
Merged1891 (Gett. & Harr. Railway)
Technical
Line length17.78 mi (28.61 km)

The South Mountain Railroad was a southcentral Pennsylvania railway line for "connecting the Pine Grove works to the Cumberland Valley R. R." [3] and which provided mining and passenger services via a southwest section from Hunter's Run, Pennsylvania, and a northern section from Hunter's Run to the CVRR junction northeast of Carlisle. The northern section merged with the Gettysburg & Harrisburg Railroad line south from Hunter's Run to the Gettysburg Battlefield in 1891 to create the Gettysburg & Harrisburg Railway line, while the branch southwest from Hunter's Run became the Hunter's Run and Slate Belt Railroad line. [4]

Modernized sections of the South Mountain Railroad remain north of Hunter's Run; while parts of the railbed are available for hiking and biking such as near Carlisle (Letort Spring Run Nature Trail) [5] and the Pine Grove Furnace State Park (Cumberland County Biker/Hiker Trail with section of the Appalachian Trail.)

1885 map with SMRR (top) depicts the Hunter's Run junction with the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad, the Gettysburg Junction with the Cumberland Valley Railroad, and the "H. & P. Juntn." with the Harrisburg and Philadelphia Railroad.
Not shown: east-west Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad through Gettysburg 1885 Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad.png
1885 map with SMRR (top) depicts the Hunter's Run junction with the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad, the Gettysburg Junction with the Cumberland Valley Railroad, and the "H. & P. Juntn." with the Harrisburg and Philadelphia Railroad.
Not shown: east-west Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad through Gettysburg
1872 (top) & 1889 maps of the terminus at the Pine Grove Iron Works. 1872 and 1899 Pine Grove Iron Works.png
1872 (top) & 1889 maps of the terminus at the Pine Grove Iron Works.

History

The South Mountain Railroad was authorized by the South Mountain Iron Company legislation in 1864/1865, [2] and company bonds were issued in 1869. [8] The junction with the Cumberland Valley Railroad was laid east of Carlisle near Ashland Cemetery, Carlisle Barracks, and the Carlisle Indian Industrial School. [9] :2 By June 2, 1874, the railroad had 8 scheduled stops between the terminus and South Mountain Junction; [10] and in December 1875, the railway had sidings of 2.26 mi (3.64 km); 9 passenger, 6 freight, & 3 wood/water stations; and 2 engine houses. [11]

The South Mountain Railway and Mining Company acquired the line in 1877, [2] considered extending the railway line west of Pine Grove in 1880, [12] and "commenced a preliminary survey" in 1881 for a branch southward to Gettysburg. [13] Instead on August 20, 1883; the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad (with the same president, Colonel Jackson C. Fuller) commenced a junction at Hunter's Run for a line to the battlefield. [13] As a result, the South Mountain Railroad's connection near Carlisle at the CVRR's "South Mountain Junction" (named "Carlisle Junction" in the South Mountain RR schedule) [10] was subsequently renamed "Gettysburg Junction". [14] The tracks to Pine Grove Park were used by the first G&H excursion train from Gettysburg on May 28, 1884; [14] and the stop at Laurel Forge was added to the G & H's July 3, 1884, schedule. [15]

By May 1891, the competing Philadelphia, Harrisburg and Pittsburg Railroad extended to Harrisburg from the crossing with the South Mountain RR "about six miles south of Carlisle" north of Mount Holly Springs [4] (named "Carlisle Junction" on both lines' 1904 schedules). [16] The South Mountain Railway and Mining Company's northern section and the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad southward line merged on July 20, 1891, to become the railway line of the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railway, [2] and the southwest South Mountain RR section from Hunter's Run was leased by the Hunter's Run and Slate Belt Railroad. [17] The lease was terminated on November 11, 1910 and the Reading Company took up operation of the line from Hunters Run to Pine Grove Furnace. [18]

The tracks between Mount Holly Springs toward Carlisle were removed c.1955, [19] and the tracks near Carlisle branching southward from Gettysburg Junction were abandoned c.1972. [9] :4 The line's depot and freight station at Gettysburg Junction were subsequently used by the Estep Electric Services Co. [9] :4 The remaining tracks from Hunter's Run to the Mount Holly Springs area are part of the Gettysburg & Northern Railroad. [20]

External images
Searchtool.svg 1968 map depicting 1870 "SO MTN" RR [21]
Searchtool.svg 1872 Carlisle-Bonny Brook map (4 spurs, 1 siding)
Searchtool.svg 1907 Henry Clay Station map (p. 26)
Searchtool.svg 1872 Laurel Forge map (depot & 2 spurs)

Related Research Articles

Pennsylvania Route 34 State highway in Pennsylvania, US

Pennsylvania Route 34 is a 62-mile-long (100 km) state route located in southern Pennsylvania. The southern terminus of the route is at U.S. Route 15 Business in Gettysburg. The northern terminus is at US 11/US 15 south of Liverpool. PA 34 heads north from Gettysburg through farmland in northern Adams County, passing through Biglerville. The route crosses South Mountain into Cumberland County and reaches Mount Holly Springs, where it intersects PA 94. PA 34 heads north into the agricultural Cumberland Valley and heads north to Carlisle, where it has an interchange with Interstate 81 (I-81) in the southern part of town and intersects US 11/PA 74/PA 641 in the downtown area. The route continues north through more rural land and crosses Blue Mountain into Perry County, where it continues through the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, winding north to New Bloomfield. From here, PA 34 continues northeast to Newport, where it crosses the Juniata River and reaches an interchange with US 22/US 322, before heading to its terminus at US 11/US 15 near the Susquehanna River.

Pine Grove Furnace State Park

Pine Grove Furnace State Park is a protected Pennsylvania area that includes Laurel and Fuller Lakes in Cooke Township of Cumberland County. The Park accommodates various outdoor recreation activities, protects the remains of the Pine Grove Iron Works (1764), and was the site of Laurel Forge (1830), Pine Grove Park (1880s), and a brick plant (1892). The Park is 8 miles (13 km) from exit 37 of Interstate 81 on Pennsylvania Route 233.

Cumberland Valley Railroad

The Cumberland Valley Railroad was an early railroad in Pennsylvania, United States, originally chartered in 1831 to connect with Pennsylvania's Main Line of Public Works. Freight and passenger service in the Cumberland Valley in south central Pennsylvania from near Harrisburg to Chambersburg began in 1837, with service later extended to Hagerstown, Maryland, and then extending into the Shenandoah Valley to Winchester, Virginia. It employed up to 1,800 workers.

Gardners, Pennsylvania Census-designated place in Pennsylvania, United States

Gardners is an unincorporated community in Adams County, Pennsylvania, USA, and a census-designated place that includes portions of Adams and Cumberland counties in Pennsylvania, USA. The village of Gardners is located off Pennsylvania Route 34, in Tyrone Township, in northern Adams County. As of the 2010 census the population of the village of Gardners was 150. The zip code for the United States Post Office in the village of Gardners is 17324. This zip code covers surrounding villages and areas in Adams and Cumberland Counties, including Goodyear, Hunter's Run, Idaville, Pine Grove Furnace State Park, and Uriah.

Round Top Branch


The Round Top Branch was an extension of the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad from the Gettysburg borough across the Gettysburg Battlefield to Round Top, Pennsylvania. The branch ran southward from the terminus of the railroad's main line, west of the school and St. Francis Xavier Cemetery, across the field of Pickett's Charge, south of Cemetery Ridge, east of Weikert Hill and Munshower Knoll, and through Round Top to a point between Little Round Top's east base and Taneytown Road. In addition to battlefield tourists, the line carried stone monoliths and statues for monuments during the battlefield's memorial association and commemorative eras and equipment, supplies and participants for Gettysburg Battlefield camps after the American Civil War.

Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad

The Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad was a railway line of Pennsylvania from Hunter's Run southward to Gettysburg in the 19th century. The north junction was with the South Mountain RR, and a crossing with the Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad's westward extension was at Gettysburg. The crossing also served as a junction for westbound trains to transfer southward across the Gettysburg Battlefield via the G. & H. R. R.'s Round Top Branch to the company's Little Round Top Park.

Hunters Run and Slate Belt Railroad

The Hunter's Run and Slate Belt Railroad was a railway line from the Hunter's Run junction of the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railway that ran southwestward along the south side of Mountain Creek to the Pine Grove Iron Works. The line serviced facilities for mining, for manufacturing, and for recreation. Portions of the railbed are a section of the Appalachian Trail as well as the majority of the Cumberland County Biker/Hiker Trail and the entire "Old Railroad Bed Road" that is the southeast border of Pine Grove Furnace State Park.

Carlisle Junction may refer to:

Pine Grove Iron Works United States historic place

The Pine Grove Iron Works was a southcentral Pennsylvania smelting facility during the Industrial Revolution. The works is notable for remaining structures that are historical visitor attractions of Pine Grove Furnace State Park, including the furnace stack of the Pine Grove Furnace. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 13, 1977 for its significance in architecture and industry. It includes seven contributing buildings, two structures, fourteen sites, and two objects.

The South Mountain Iron Company was the owner of the Pine Grove Furnace in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, along South Mountain after the 1864 $1,500,000 purchase from Jay Cooke & Company. In 1877 the company was split into separate mining and railway companies, with the latter South Mountain Railway and Mining Company establishing the 1884 South Mountain Railroad between the Pine Grove Iron Works and the Cumberland Valley Railroad's Carlisle Junction then being purchased by the 1891 Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railway company. The real estate of the 1877 South Mountain Mining and Iron Company is now the Pine Grove Furnace State Park and Michaux State Forest after being sold to the Pennsylvania Department of Forestry in 1912-3.

Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railway

The Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railway was a Pennsylvania line from near Carlisle southward to Gettysburg operated by a subsidiary of the Reading Company. The line also included the Round Top Branch over the Gettysburg Battlefield to Round Top, Pennsylvania until c. 1942.

Tapeworm Railroad

The Tapeworm Railroad was a railway line planned by Congressman Thaddeus Stevens and nicknamed by opponents ridiculing a lengthy serpentine section around the Green Ridge of South Mountain after an orator compared the path to a tapeworm depiction on a product's packaging. Switchbacks were planned on the west slope at Hughs Forge along the E Br Antietam Creek and on the east slope at Stevens' 1822 Maria Furnace along Toms Creek, with 3 east slope tunnels through spurs of Jacks Mountain.

Pine Grove Railroad Station

The Pine Grove Railroad Station was the end of the line for the 1870 South Mountain Railroad, which transported materials from limestone pits and three operating ore mines for the Pine Grove Iron Works. The station had a roundhouse and, by 1872, a depot with siding "Pine Grove" was listed on the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad's passenger schedule of April 21, 1884; and the SMRR railroad offices and repair shops were transferred to the 1891 Hunter's Run and Slate Belt Railroad with the station servicing the 1892 Fuller Brick and Slate Company south of the tracks Despite a 1902 forest fire in the area that destroyed buildings, both "Pine Grove Furnace" and "Pine Grove Park" were listed as 1904 HR & SB RR railway stations, and in 1912 new Reading Company track was laid to Pine Grove on "the former Hunters Run and Slate Belt Line". The Pine Grove area was sold to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1913, the tracks and ties have been removed, and the station area is part of the Pine Grove Furnace State Park.

Laurel Lake — also known as Laurel Forge Pond — is a water body with recreation area at Pine Grove Furnace State Park. It is located in the eastern part of Cooke Township, Cumberland County.

Western Extension (Baltimore and Harrisburg Railway)

The Western Extension is a Western Maryland section of railway line between Highfield-Cascade, Maryland, and Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The extension of the Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad westward from the Gettysburg Battlefield to Marsh Creek was completed in 1884, crossing the north-south Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad and its 1884 Round Top Branch in the borough The line was completed to Orr Station by June 30, 1885, then after an 1886 merger formed the Baltimore and Harrisburg Railway, the 15 mi (24 km) to the mainline at Highland near the Mason–Dixon line was completed in 1888-1889. The B&H leased their line to the Western Maryland Railway until the WM purchased it in 1917. The Western Extension used portions of the 1830s Tapeworm Railroad bed and required construction of the Jacks Mountain Tunnel south of Maria Furnace.

Pine Grove Park was a South Mountain Railroad excursion park "in a grove of magnificent trees" established by Colonel Jackson C. Fuller c. 1881 It was located east of the Pine Grove Iron Works near Toland in Cumberland County, south-central Pennsylvania It was in the South Mountain Range of the northern Blue Ridge Mountains System.

Hunters Run is a populated place in the South Mountain Range and Cumberland County, Pennsylvania.

LeTort Spring Run Nature Trail

The Letort Spring Run Nature Trail (LSRNT) is a rail trail in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. The trail stretches between Carlisle Borough's Letort Park and a trailhead approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) south at South Spring Garden Street. It parallels and twice crosses the Letort Spring Run, a limestone stream nationally recognized for its role in fly fishing heritage. The trail is an expression of the Letort Regional Authority's mission to promote appreciation of the Letort, as well as to protect the stream, greenway, and watershed from degradation.

Gettysburg and Northern Railroad Short-line Railroad based in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

The Gettysburg and Northern Railroad is a short-line railroad located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The railroad operates a 25-mile (40 km) long line running between Gettysburg in Adams County and Mount Holly Springs in Cumberland County. The Gettysburg and Northern Railroad is owned by Pioneer Lines.

References

  1. Beers, Warner (2009) [1886]. "Chapter XXXV, Part II". South Middleton Township and Borough of Mount Holly Springs. History of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. USGenWeb Archives. Retrieved 2011-05-17.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Philadelphia and Reading Railway (lineage table), LabelleModels.com, retrieved 2011-05-17
  3. Keefer, Horace Andrew (October 1934) [written after January 29, 1927]. Recollections, Historical and Otherwise, Relating To Old Pine Grove Furnace (Report). Potomac Appalachian Trail Club Bulletin. Retrieved 2011-05-14. (Keefer also authored Early Iron Industries of Dauphin County)
  4. 1 2 Cumberland V. R. R. v. R. R. Companies, (volume 177)Kress, William C (Pennsylvania Supreme Court1896). "The line … between Shippensburg and Harrisburg, which is that of the Philadelphia, Harrisburg & Pittsburg Railroad Company, … crosses the Gettysburg & Harrisburg Railway at Carlisle Junction about six miles south of Carlisle … opened May 1891"
  5. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2011-05-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. "Pine Grove, Penn Township" (Map). Atlas of Cumberland County. Beers, F. W. 1972. Retrieved 2011-05-16.
  7. Way, John H (1986). Your Guide to the Geology of the Kings Gap Area … (PDF) (Report). Pennsylvania Geological Survey. Retrieved 2011-05-18. (Way includes the 1889 Lehman map)
  8. Seven Per Cent Coupon Bond ($1000 certificate), South Mountain Iron Company, 1869, retrieved 2011-05-18 (image from 2011 sales listing)
  9. 1 2 3 Cathell, David (March 2002). "Cumberland Valley Railroad". D_Cathell.tripod.com. Retrieved 2011-05-17.
  10. 1 2 Travelers' Official Railway Guide… (Google Books). September 1874. Retrieved 2011-05-17.
  11. "South Mountain Iron Company's" (officer's report Google Books). Annual report of the Auditor General of the State of Pennsylvania. 1876. pp. 524–529. Retrieved 2011-05-17. South Mountain Iron Company's railroad
  12. "News of Neighboring Counties" (Google News Archives). Gettysburg Compiler. December 2, 1880. Retrieved 2011-05-18. It is reported that President Fuller, of the South Mountain Railroad, contemplates extending the road to the new ore banks about two miles west of Pine Grove Furnace in the near future. The new banks are very productive, the ore is of an excellent quality, and should the road be extended, they will be operated extensively.. (from Echo newspaper)
  13. 1 2 Gitt, Joseph S (February 9, 1884). "Baltimore and Harrisburg Railroad" (Google News Archive). Gettysburg Compiler; Adams County Railroads: Concluded (published February 19, 1884). Retrieved 2013-11-07. in December, 1881, the South Mountain Railroad commenced a preliminary survey for the extension of their road from Hunter's Run to Gettysburg, with a view to approximating the cost of the undertaking.
  14. 1 2 "First Gettysburg Excursion to Pine Grove Park" (Google News Archives). Gettysburg Compiler. May 13, 1884. Retrieved 2011-05-16. “South Mountain Junction” at Carlisle will hereafter be known as “Gettysburg Junction.”
  15. Gettysburg & Harrisburg R. R.; schedules May 26th & July 3d, 1884
  16. The Official Railway Guide: North American Freight Service Edition (Google Books). 1904. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
  17. Cumberland V. R. R. v. R. R. Companies, 177Kress, William C (Pennsylvania Supreme Court1896). "on July 13, 1891, the Hunter's Run & Slate Belt Railroad Company … entered into a lease and traffic contract [with the] South Mountain Railway & Mining Companyp. 528eight miles of leased road.p. 546
  18. Taber, Thomas T. III (1987). Railroads of Pennsylvania Encyclopedia and Atlas. Thomas T. Taber III. p. 105. ISBN   0-9603398-5-X.
  19. "Interview with ed Shenk and Herb Wiegle". www.letort.org. Archived from the original on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  20. "Gettysburg Northern Railroad Co". Archived from the original on 2010-12-18. Retrieved 2010-12-18.
  21. … The Cumberland Valley Railroad 1867-1884 (Map). Westhaeffer, Paul J. 1968. Retrieved 2011-05-17.   FROM: Westhaeffer, Paul J (1979). History of the Cumberland Valley Railroad 1835-1919 (AbeBooks.com listing). National Railway Historical Society: Washington, D.C. chapter. Retrieved 2011-05-18.