Southern Sting

Last updated

Southern Sting
Stinglogo.jpg
Founded 1998;26 years ago (1998)
Disbanded 2007;17 years ago (2007)
Based in Invercargill
Region Southland
Home venue Stadium Southland
Head coach Robyn Broughton
League Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup
Website www.sting.co.nz
Kit body thinbluesides.svg
Kit body netball.svg
Kit skirt netball.svg

Uniform

Southern Sting are a former New Zealand netball team that were based in Invercargill. Between 1998 and 2007, Sting played in the Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup league. They were the league's most successful team. They played in all ten grand finals and won seven of the ten titles played for. Between 1999 and 2004, Sting won six successive titles. Ahead of the 2008 season, Sting merged with Otago Rebels to form the new ANZ Championship team, Southern Steel.

Contents

History

Inaugural season

In 1998, together with Auckland Diamonds, Bay of Plenty Magic, Capital Shakers, Canterbury Flames, Counties Manukau Cometz, Northern Force, Otago Rebels, Waikato Wildcats and Western Flyers, Sting were founding members of the Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup league. [1] On Friday, 27 March 1998, Sting made their league debut with a 55–51 win against Auckland Diamonds. The starting lineup included Reinga Bloxham, Kirsty Broughton, Donna Loffhagen and Bernice Mene. [2] Sting finished their debut season as grand finalists and runners up. In the grand final they lost to Otago Rebels 57–50. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Sting dominance

In 1999, Sting won their first Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup title. In the grand final, they defeated Otago Rebels 63–54. [6] [7] [8] Sting were subsequently the league's most successful team. Between 1998 and 2007, they played in all ten grand finals and won seven of the ten titles played for. Between 1999 and 2004, Sting won six successive titles. The team was coached by Robyn Broughton and featured, among others, Donna Loffhagen, Bernice Mene, Belinda Colling, Tania Dalton, Lesley Nicol and Adine Harper. One reason behind Sting's success was that they were pioneers in women's professional sports. Bernice Mene was one of the first professional netball players in New Zealand. With Sting paying their players, they successfully recruited the best players from throughout New Zealand. [1] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] In 2007, Sting won their seventh title. With a team featuring Liana Barrett-Chase, Daneka Wipiiti, Megan Hutton and Donna Wilkins, they defeated Northern Force 50–49 in the grand final. The grand final was Robyn Broughton's 100th match in charge of Sting. [14]

Merger

Ahead of the 2008 season, Sting merged with Otago Rebels to form the new ANZ Championship team, Southern Steel. [15] [16] [17] [18] Robyn Broughton was appointed Steel's first head coach and former Sting player, Megan Hutton, was named co-captain. Liana Barrett-Chase, Erika Burgess, Te Huinga Reo Selby-Rickit, Wendy Telfer and Daneka Wipiiti, who were members of the 2007 Southern Sting squad were all included in the inaugural 2008 Southern Steel team. [19] [20] [21] [22]

Reunion

On 23 July 2018, Southern Sting marked their 20th anniversary with a charity match against Netball South of the National Netball League. Organised by former Sting player, Donna Wilkins, the match raised $30,000 for the Tania Dalton Foundation. Former Sting player, Tania Dalton, died in 2017 of a brain aneurysm, aged 45. With a team coached by Robyn Broughton and featuring Wilkins, Bernice Mene, Belinda Colling and Natalie Avellino, Sting clinched a 51–50 victory over Netball South. [9] [10] [11] [23] [24]

Stats

SeasonPositionWonDrawnLost
1998 [2] 2nd803
1999 [6] 1st802
2000 [25] 1st1000
2001 [26] 1st802
2002 [27] 1st1000
2003 [28] 1st901
2004 [29] 1st801
2005 [30] 2nd604
2006 2nd604
2007 1st802

  Winners  Runners Up

Source: [19]

Grand finals

Coca-Cola Cup

SeasonWinnersScoreRunners UpVenue
1998 [2] [4] [5] Otago Rebels 57–50Southern Sting Edgar Centre
1999 [6] [7] [8] Southern Sting63–54 Otago Rebels Edgar Centre
2000 [25] [31] Southern Sting43–40 Canterbury Flames Stadium Southland
2001 [26] [32] [33] Southern Sting47–44 Canterbury Flames Stadium Southland

National Bank Cup

SeasonWinnersScoreRunners UpVenue
2002 [27] [34] Southern Sting54–48 Canterbury Flames Stadium Southland
2003 [28] [35] [36] Southern Sting51–49 Northern Force Stadium Southland
2004 [29] [37] [38] [39] Southern Sting63–55 Canterbury Flames Stadium Southland
2005 [30] [40] [41] [42] Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic 65–39Southern Sting Stadium Southland [43]
2006 [44] [45] [46] Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic 67–43Southern Sting Mystery Creek Events Centre
2007 [14] [47] Southern Sting50–49 Northern Force North Shore Events Centre

Source: [3] [48]

Notable former players

Internationals

Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia
Flag of England.svg  England
Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa

Source: [2] [6] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [19] [49]

Captains

Years
Bernice Mene [7] [28] [50] [51] 1998–2002
Lesley Nicol [30] [52] [53] [54] [55] 2003–2005
Adine Wilson [56] 2006
Jenny Ferguson [19] [49] [57] 2007

Coaches

Head coaches

CoachYears
Robyn Broughton [11] [20] [58] [59] 1998–2007

Assistant coaches

CoachYears
Tania Dalton [29] 2004
Julie Carter
Belinda Colling [60] 2007

Honours

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Bank Cup</span> Defunct New Zealand netball league

The National Bank Cup, originally known as the Coca-Cola Cup, was the top level national New Zealand netball league between 1998 and 2007. The league was organised by Netball New Zealand. Between 1998 and 2001, it was sponsored by Coca-Cola. In 2002, the National Bank of New Zealand took over as the main sponsor. Otago Rebels were the inaugural premiers. However, Southern Sting, were subsequently the competition's most successful team. Sting played in all ten grand finals and won seven of the ten titles played for. Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic were the second most successful team, winning two premierships. Ahead of the 2008 season, the National Bank Cup league effectively merged with Australia's Commonwealth Bank Trophy to form the ANZ Championship.

Belinda Louise Colling is a former New Zealand netball international. Between 1996 and 2006, she made 92 senior appearances for New Zealand. She captained New Zealand at the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the 1999 World Netball Championships and was a member of the New Zealand teams that won gold medals at the 2003 World Netball Championships and the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Colling is also a double international and played for the New Zealand women's national basketball team at the 2000 Summer Olympics. During the Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup era, Colling played netball for Otago Rebels, Canterbury Flames and Southern Sting. She also played for Team Northumbria in the Netball Superleague. In 2022, she was included on a list of the 25 best players to feature in netball leagues in New Zealand since 1998.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern Force</span> Defunct New Zealand netball team

Northern Force are a former New Zealand netball team based on the North Shore, Auckland Region. As a result, they were also known as either North Harbour Force or North Shore Force. Between 1998 and 2007, Force played in the Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup league. In 2003 and 2007, they played in the grand final. Ahead of the 2008 season, Force merged with Auckland Diamonds to form the new ANZ Championship team, Northern Mystics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Auckland Diamonds</span> Defunct New Zealand netball team

Auckland Diamonds were a former New Zealand netball team based in Waitakere City, Auckland Region. As a result, they were also known as Auckland Waitakere Diamonds. Between 1998 and 2007, Diamonds played in the Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup league. Diamonds finished as semi-finalists on four occasions – 1998, 1999, 2005 and 2007. Ahead of the 2008 season, Diamonds merged with Northern Force to form the new ANZ Championship team, Northern Mystics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Otago Rebels</span> Defunct New Zealand netball team

Otago Rebels are a former New Zealand netball team that were based in Dunedin. Between 1998 and 2007, Rebels played in the Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup league. Rebels played in two grand finals. In 1998 they were the league's inaugural champions. In 1999 they were runners up. Ahead of the 2008 season, Rebels merged with Southern Sting to form the new ANZ Championship team, Southern Steel.

Adine Rachel Wilson is a former New Zealand netball international and current commentator. Between 1999 and 2007, Wilson made 79 senior appearances for New Zealand. She represented New Zealand at the 1999 and the 2003 World Netball Championships, winning a gold medal at the latter. She captained New Zealand when they won gold at the 2006 Commonwealth Games and again at the 2007 World Netball Championships. During the Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup era, she played for Otago Rebels and Southern Sting. During the early ANZ Championship era, she captained Southern Steel. She was a member of six premiership winning teams – the 1998 Otago Rebels team and the 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2007 Southern Sting teams. In 2022, she was included on a list of the 25 best players to feature in netball leagues in New Zealand since 1998.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canterbury Flames</span> Defunct New Zealand netball team

Canterbury Flames were a New Zealand netball team based in Christchurch, Canterbury. Between 1998 and 2007 they played in the Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup league. Between 2000 and 2002, Flames played in three successive grand finals. In 2004, they played in their fourth grand final. On all four occasions, they lost out to Southern Sting. In 2008, when the National Bank Cup was replaced by the ANZ Championship, Canterbury Flames were rebranded as Canterbury Tactix.

Wendy Frew, previously known as Wendy Telfer, is a former New Zealand netball international. During the National Bank Cup era, she played for Southern Sting. During the ANZ Championship era and early ANZ Premiership era, she played for Southern Steel. She was a member of six premiership winning teams – the 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2007 Southern Sting teams and the 2017 and 2018 Southern Steel teams. She captained Steel when they won both premierships. She also captained Steel when they won the 2017 Netball New Zealand Super Club tournament. In 2022, she was included on a list of the 25 best players to feature in netball leagues in New Zealand since 1998.

Bernice Papasina Mene is a former New Zealand netball international. Between 1992 and 2001, Mene made 76 senior appearances for New Zealand. She represented New Zealand at the 1993 World Games, the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the 1995 and 1999 World Netball Championships. She captained New Zealand during 2000 and 2001 seasons. Between 1998 and 2002, during the Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup era, she captained Southern Sting as they won four premierships. In 2003, Mene was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to netball. In 2022, she was included on a list of the 25 best players to feature in netball leagues in New Zealand since 1998.

Counties Manukau Cometz, are a former New Zealand netball team that were based in Papatoetoe, Auckland. Cometz represented the Counties Manukau/Thames Valley regions of South Auckland and, as a result, were also known as CMTV Cometz. Between 1998 and 2003, they played in the Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup league.

The 2007 Southern Sting season saw the Southern Sting netball team compete in the 2007 National Bank Cup league season. With a team coached by Robyn Broughton, captained by Jenny Ferguson and featuring Liana Barrett-Chase, Daneka Wipiiti, Megan Hutton and Donna Wilkins, Sting finished the season as champions. In the minor semi-final, Sting lost 39–47 to Northern Force and in the major semi-final, they defeated Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic 48–46. In the grand final, Sting defeated Force 50–49 as they won their seventh Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup title. The grand final was Robyn Broughton's 100th match in charge of Sting.

The 1998 Southern Sting season saw the Southern Sting netball team compete in the 1998 Coca-Cola Cup league season. 1998 was the inaugural season for the league. Together with Auckland Diamonds, Bay of Plenty Magic, Capital Shakers, Canterbury Flames, Counties Manukau Cometz, Northern Force, Otago Rebels, Waikato Wildcats and Western Flyers, Sting became founding members of the new league. With a team coached by Robyn Broughton, captained by Bernice Mene and featuring Reinga Bloxham, Kirsty Broughton, Julie Carter and Donna Loffhagen, Sting finished the season as grand finalists and runners up. In the grand final they lost to Otago Rebels 57–50.

The 1999 Southern Sting season saw the Southern Sting netball team compete in the 1999 Coca-Cola Cup league season. With a team coached by Robyn Broughton, captained by Bernice Mene and featuring Reinga Bloxham, Kirsty Broughton, Julie Carter and Donna Loffhagen, Sting won their first Coca-Cola Cup title. In the grand final, they defeated Otago Rebels 63–54.

The 2000 Southern Sting season saw the Southern Sting netball team compete in the 2000 Coca-Cola Cup league season. With a team coached by Robyn Broughton, captained by Bernice Mene and featuring Kirsty Broughton, Julie Carter, Donna Loffhagen and Lesley Nicol, Sting won their second Coca-Cola Cup title. Sting began the season with a 65–56 win against Capital Shakers, making their league debut at a new home venue, Stadium Southland, in front of 3000 fans. Sting subsequently went through the season unbeaten, winning all ten of their matches. In the grand final, they defeated Canterbury Flames 43–40.

The 2001 Southern Sting season saw the Southern Sting netball team compete in the 2001 Coca-Cola Cup league season. With a team coached by Robyn Broughton, captained by Bernice Mene and featuring Reinga Bloxham, Adine Harper, Donna Loffhagen, Lesley Nicol and Leana de Bruin, Sting won their third Coca-Cola Cup title. In the semi-final, they defeated Capital Shakers 60–49. In the grand final, they defeated Canterbury Flames 47–44.

The 2002 Southern Sting season saw the Southern Sting netball team compete in the 2002 National Bank Cup league season. With a team coached by Robyn Broughton, captained by Bernice Mene and featuring Reinga Bloxham, Tania Dalton, Adine Harper, Donna Loffhagen and Lesley Nicol, Sting won their fourth league title. Sting went through the season unbeaten, winning all ten of their matches. In the semi-final, they defeated Capital Shakers 68–49. In the grand final, they defeated Canterbury Flames 54–48.

The 2003 Southern Sting season saw the Southern Sting netball team compete in the 2003 National Bank Cup league season. With a team coached by Robyn Broughton, captained by Lesley Nicol and featuring Tania Dalton, Adine Harper, Donna Loffhagen and Wendy Telfer, Sting won their fifth consecutive league title. In the semi-final, they defeated Otago Rebels 56–43. In the grand final, they defeated Northern Force 51–49. It was the first time in the history of the league that it featured a South Island v North Island final.

The 2005 Southern Sting season saw the Southern Sting netball team compete in the 2005 National Bank Cup league season. With a team coached by Robyn Broughton, captained by Lesley Rumball and featuring Tania Dalton, Donna Loffhagen, Wendy Telfer and Adine Wilson, Sting finished the season as grand finalists and runners up to Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic. After winning four matches and losing three during the regular season, Sting qualified for the final series. In the minor semi-final they defeated Auckland Diamonds 52–48 and in the preliminary final they defeated Northern Force 47–44. However, in the grand final they lost 65–39 to Magic.

The 2006 Southern Sting season saw the Southern Sting netball team compete in the 2006 National Bank Cup league season. With a team coached by Robyn Broughton and featuring Tania Dalton, Donna Loffhagen, Wendy Telfer, Lesley Rumball and Adine Wilson, Sting finished the regular season as minor premiers. However, they subsequently lost the major semi-final to Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic 61–51. In the preliminary final they defeated Northern Force 64–59. In the grand final they lost 67–43 to Magic and finished the season as runners up.

References

  1. 1 2 "Celebrating 25 years of elite netball". anzpremiership.co.nz. 16 February 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Sting History 1998". www.sting.co.nz. Archived from the original on 26 May 2006. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  3. 1 2 "Netball: Sting-busters". www.nzherald.co.nz. 9 June 2005. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  4. 1 2 "Greatest moments in Otago sport - Number 24". www.odt.co.nz. 21 October 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  5. 1 2 "Back in the day: Rebels crowned national league champions". www.odt.co.nz. 30 April 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Sting History 1999". www.sting.co.nz. Archived from the original on 26 May 2006. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  7. 1 2 3 "Netball: Carter's new zip propels the Sting to upset". www.nzherald.co.nz. 30 June 2000. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  8. 1 2 "Let's Repeat History 20,000 Ticker Tape Parade Like We Did in 1999". whatsoninvers.nz. 15 August 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  9. 1 2 "Southern Sting celebrate 20 years of playing netball". stuff.co.nz. 19 June 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  10. 1 2 "Southern Sting 20 Year Reunion Game". whatsoninvers.nz. 19 July 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  11. 1 2 3 "That Stinging sensation". stuff.co.nz. 20 July 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  12. ↑ "The unusual birth place for professional women's sport in New Zealand". stuff.co.nz. 1 March 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  13. ↑ "Rise of rival codes a new reality for netball". www.rnz.co.nz. 26 November 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  14. 1 2 "Netball: Fairytale end to final chapter of league". www.nzherald.co.nz. 22 June 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
  15. ↑ "Southern Steel – About us". www.southernsteel.co.nz. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  16. ↑ "Netball: Nod to all five Tasman Trophy bids". www.nzherald.co.nz. 8 May 2007. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  17. ↑ "Southern netball franchise receives official name". The Southland Times . 7 November 2007. Archived from the original on 7 November 2007. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  18. ↑ "Netball: 'Stacked' Magic have look of favourites". www.nzherald.co.nz. 2 April 2008. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  19. 1 2 3 4 "The National Bank Cup teams – 2007 Sting Team". www.netballnz.co.nz. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  20. 1 2 "Broughton keeps her options open". www.newstalkzb.co.nz. 16 August 2007. Archived from the original on 15 August 2007. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
  21. ↑ "Southern Steel: meet your team". stuff.co.nz. 31 January 2009. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  22. ↑ "Southern Steel 2008 Netball Team". www.southernsteel.co.nz. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  23. ↑ "Sting players to gather for reunion game". www.southlandsport.com. 18 June 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  24. ↑ "Sting players show they still have it". www.odt.co.nz. 23 July 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  25. 1 2 3 "Sting History 2000". www.sting.co.nz. Archived from the original on 26 May 2006. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  26. 1 2 3 "Sting History 2001". www.sting.co.nz. Archived from the original on 26 May 2006. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  27. 1 2 3 "Sting History 2002". www.sting.co.nz. Archived from the original on 26 May 2006. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  28. 1 2 3 4 "Sting History 2003". www.sting.co.nz. Archived from the original on 26 May 2006. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  29. 1 2 3 4 "Sting History 2004". www.sting.co.nz. Archived from the original on 26 May 2006. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  30. 1 2 3 4 "Sting History 2005". www.sting.co.nz. Archived from the original on 26 May 2006. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  31. ↑ "Netball: 'Hot' coach out to sting Aussies". www.nzherald.co.nz. 3 June 2000. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
  32. ↑ "The Southern Sting team celebrate with the trophy". www.photosport.nz. 26 May 2001. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  33. ↑ "Netball: Flames feel the final Sting". www.nzherald.co.nz. 27 May 2001. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  34. ↑ "Mene mum on future as Sting celebrate". www.angelfire.com. 10 June 2002. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  35. ↑ "Netball: Sting too strong for fading Force". www.nzherald.co.nz. 23 May 2003. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  36. ↑ "New Zealand. Netball Final. Southern Sting vs. Northern Force". www.photosport.nz. 23 May 2003. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  37. ↑ "Netball: Sting win National Bank Cup". www.nzherald.co.nz. 18 June 2004. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  38. ↑ "Netball final, Sting vs Flames". ngataonga.org.nz. 18 June 2004. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  39. ↑ "Tactix looking to add netball trophy to Canterbury's cabinet". www.rnz.co.nz. 8 August 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  40. ↑ "Magic stun Sting for NBC crown". www.tvnz.co.nz. 10 June 2005. Archived from the original on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  41. ↑ "Waikato Magic 65-39 Southern Sting". www.photosport.nz. 10 June 2005. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  42. ↑ "Triple treat for sports fans". www.teawamutu.nz. 14 June 2005. Archived from the original on 8 February 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  43. ↑ "Magic lose their home advantage as stadium is rejected". www.nzherald.co.nz. 2 June 2005. Retrieved 14 June 2009.
  44. ↑ "Magic romp to famous win". www.tvnz.co.nz. 30 June 2006. Archived from the original on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  45. ↑ "Magic v Sting". www.photosport.nz. 30 June 2006. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  46. ↑ "Magic netball dynasty". www.teawamutu.nz. 4 July 2006. Archived from the original on 8 February 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  47. ↑ "National Bank Cup Final - Force v Sting". www.photosport.nz. 22 June 2007. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  48. ↑ "Stadium Southland's impressive netball finals history". stuff.co.nz. 26 June 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  49. 1 2 "2007 Ascot Park Hotel Southern Sting". www.sting.co.nz. Archived from the original on 27 June 2007. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  50. ↑ "Netball – (2001) Coca-Cola Cup Squads". www.nzherald.co.nz. 23 January 2001. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  51. ↑ "Netball: Sting beat Diamonds 52-43". www.nzherald.co.nz. 21 April 2002. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
  52. ↑ "Netball: Title within Sting's grasp". www.nzherald.co.nz. 16 May 2003. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  53. ↑ "Netball: Otago secures Nicol". www.nzherald.co.nz. 13 August 2003. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  54. ↑ "The Sting' s captain Lesley Nicol hold up the cup". www.gettyimages.ae. 18 June 2004. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  55. ↑ "Sponsorship of netball". teara.govt.nz. 5 September 2013. Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  56. ↑ "Netball: Wilson produces Sting in southern derby win". www.nzherald.co.nz. 13 May 2006. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
  57. ↑ "Netball: National Championship teams". www.nzherald.co.nz. 4 April 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  58. ↑ "Robyn Broughton". www.sting.co.nz. Archived from the original on 24 June 2007. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  59. ↑ "Netball: Immovable Force, or Sting in the tail?". www.nzherald.co.nz. 7 June 2007. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  60. ↑ "Colling makes bid for a place in southern franchise". stuff.co.nz. 31 January 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.