The Space Competitiveness Index (SCI) is a self-financed, independently researched, annual report that compares and ranks how countries invest in and benefit from space industry. [1] The report wsa published annually from 2008 to 2012 by Futron Corporation, a U.S. consulting firm. [2] The report has grown over the years from the top 10 leading space markets in 2008 to 15 in 2012. While the full reports are available for purchase, the executive summary was distributed freely.
Traditionally, the report included the top 10 leading market the s which included Brazil, Canada, China, Europe, India, Israel, Japan, Russia, South Korea, and the United States. In the 2012, the report introduced 5 more countries which include Argentina, Australia, Iran, South Africa, and Ukraine. The report treats Europe as integrated whole.
A set of over 40 metrics that have the greatest economic determinants are compiled for each entity individually. The metrics were separated into three major areas:
The 2008 report was the first edition of the Space Competitiveness Index. The report ranked the top 10 global space participant countries across over 40 greatest economic determinants metrics. [3]
Total Aggregate Scores by Country:
The second edition of the report was able to contrast with the first edition. While the United States still led the index, they declined marginally based on increase by other countries.
Total Aggregate Scores by Country:
The 3rd edition continued to show decline from the dominant players and increase from the smaller countries. [4] The report found that countries such as the U.S. and Canada has its technological leadership buoyed by the contribution of the industrial sector, which effectively markets, uses, and sells technology assets to government and commercial clients worldwide. [5] Conversely, other countries such as China do not effectively leverage its high space technology achievement capability. some of the factors that influence that are government commercial policy and a limited private-sector industrial activity.
Total Aggregate Scores by Country:
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In the 2011, while global activity overall increase, the dominant players continued to decrease for the fourth straight year as middle-tier nations ascend. [6]
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The 2012 report marks the fifth anniversary edition of the study, which called for a half-decade review of international space trends based on quantitative and qualitative data. [7] In the 2012 report, in addition to the 10 traditional leading markets, Futron included a second tier for emerging space leaders. The new tier, which is evaluate alongside the 10 original markets include Argentina, Australia, Iran, South Africa, and Ukraine. Brazil being surpassed by Australia. While the US remains the overall leader in space competitiveness its relative position has fallen for the fifth straight year as other countries enhance their capabilities. In contrast, other countries such as China, Japan, Russia and India have improved their space competitiveness by 41 percent, 37, 11 and 10 percent respectively since the first edition of the Space Competitiveness Index. [8]
Total Aggregate Scores by Country:
Asia is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometers, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Its 4.7 billion people constitute roughly 60% of the world's population.
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A middle power is a state that is not a superpower or a great power, but still exerts influence and plays a significant role in international relations. These countries often possess certain capabilities, such as strong economies, advanced technologies, and diplomatic influence, that allow them to have a voice in global affairs. Middle powers are typically seen as bridge-builders between larger powers, using their diplomatic skills to mediate conflicts and promote cooperation on international issues.
An emerging market is a market that has some characteristics of a developed market, but does not fully meet its standards. This includes markets that may become developed markets in the future or were in the past. The term "frontier market" is used for developing countries with smaller, riskier, or more illiquid capital markets than "emerging". As of 2006, the economies of China and India are considered to be the largest emerging markets. According to The Economist, many people find the term outdated, but no new term has gained traction. Emerging market hedge fund capital reached a record new level in the first quarter of 2011 of $121 billion. Emerging market economies’ share of global PPP-adjusted GDP has risen from 27 percent in 1960 to around 53 percent by 2013. The ten largest emerging economies by nominal GDP are 4 of the 9 BRICS countries along with Mexico, South Korea, Indonesia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Poland. The inclusion of South Korea, Poland, and sometimes Taiwan are questionable given they are no longer considered emerging markets by the IMF and World Bank If we ignore those three, the top ten would include Argentina and Thailand.
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