Bucharest is the capital and largest city of Romania. The metropolis stands on the River Dâmbovița in south-eastern Romania. Its population is officially estimated at 1.76 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 2.3 million residents, which makes Bucharest the 8th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures 240 km2 (93 sq mi) and comprises 6 districts (Sectoare), while the metropolitan area covers 1,811 km2 (699 sq mi). Bucharest is a beta global city, a major cultural, political and economic hub, and the country's seat of government.
The Iron Guard was a Romanian militant revolutionary religious fascist movement and political party founded in 1927 by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu as the Legion of the Archangel Michael or the Legionary Movement. It was strongly anti-democratic, anti-capitalist, anti-communist, and anti-Semitic. It differed from other European far-right movements of the period due to its spiritual basis, as the Iron Guard was deeply imbued with Romanian Orthodox Christian mysticism.
The University of Bucharest (UB) is a public research university in Bucharest, Romania. It was founded in its current form on 4 July 1864 by a decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza to convert the former Princely Academy into the current University of Bucharest, making it one of the oldest Romanian universities. It is one of the five members of the Universitaria Consortium.
Horia Sima was a Romanian fascist politician, best known as the second and last leader of the fascist paramilitary movement known as the Iron Guard. Sima was also the Vice President of the Council of Ministers and de facto co-leader in Ion Antonescu's National Legionary State. Sima had previously served briefly as State Secretary of Education under Gheorghe Tătărescu in 1940, and as a short-lived Minister of Religion and Arts in the government of Ion Gigurtu.
Vintilă Horia was a Romanian writer, winner of the Prix Goncourt. His best known novel is God Was Born in Exile (1960).
The Jewish Museum in Bucharest, Romania is located in the former Templul Unirea Sfântă synagogue, which survived World War II.
The 1977 Vrancea earthquake occurred on 4 March 1977, at 21:22 local time, and was felt throughout the Balkans. It had a magnitude of 7.5, making it the second most powerful earthquake recorded in Romania in the 20th century, after the 10 November 1940 seismic event. The hypocenter was situated in the Vrancea Mountains, the most seismically active part of Romania, at a depth of 85.3 km.
Between 21 and 23 January 1941, a rebellion of the Iron Guard paramilitary organization, whose members were known as Legionnaires, occurred in Bucharest, Romania. As their privileges were being gradually removed by the Conducător Ion Antonescu, the Legionnaires revolted. During the rebellion and subsequent pogrom, the Iron Guard killed 125 Jews, and 30 soldiers died in the confrontation with the rebels. Following this, the Iron Guard movement was banned and 9,000 of its members were imprisoned.
Ceaușima is a vernacular word construction in Romanian sarcastically comparing the policies of former Communist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu to the nuclear attack on Hiroshima. This portmanteau term was coined in the 1980s to describe the huge urban areas of Bucharest that Ceaușescu ordered torn down during the final few years of his tenure. Significant portions of the historic center of Bucharest were demolished to accommodate standardized apartment blocks and government buildings, including the grandiose Centrul Civic and the House of the Republic palace.
The Neolog Synagogue in Cluj-Napoca ; also known as the Temple of the Deportees, dedicated to the memory of those deported who were victims of the Holocaust; or more simply, the Neolog Synagogue, is a Neolog Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 21 Horea Street, in the city of Cluj-Napoca, in Cluj County, in Transylvania, Romania.
Bulevardul Magheru is a major street in central Bucharest. Built in the early 20th century, it is named after General Gheorghe Magheru.
The Choral Temple is a Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 9-11 Sf. Vineri Street, in Bucharest, Romania. Designed in the Moorish Revival style, the synagogue was completed in 1866.
The Fabric Synagogue, also called the New Synagogue, is a former Neolog Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 1 Ion Luca Caragiale Street, in the Fabric district of Timișoara, Romania. Designed by Lipót Baumhorn in an eclectic mixture of Moorish Revival, Gothic Revival and Renaissance Revival stylistic elements, the synagogue was completed in 1899.
The Satu Mare Synagogue, also known as the Decebal Street Synagogue, is a Neolog Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 4 Decebal Street, in Satu Mare, Transylvania, Romania.
The Malbim Synagogue was a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 4 Strada Bravilor, in Bucharest, Romania. The synagogue was completed in 1864 and demolished in 1987.
The Grand Spanish Temple, also known as the Cahal Grande, was a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 12 Negru Vodă Street, in the Văcărești district of Bucharest, Romania. The synagogue was completed in 1818 and demolished in 1985.
The Beth Hamidraș Temple, also known as the Old Beit Hamidrash, is a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 78 Calea Moșilor, in the Old Jewish District of Bucharest, Romania. Designed in the Gothic Revival style, the synagogue was completed in 1896.
The Faith Temple is a Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 48 Toneanu Vasile Street, in Bucharest, Romania. Designed in the International architectural style, the synagogue was completed in 1926.
The Sephardic Temple of Constanța, that was also known as the Spanish Rite Temple Israelite, was a Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 18 Mircea Street, Constanța, in the Constanța County, in the Dobruja region of Romania. Designed by Adolf Lintz in the Catalan Gothic style, the synagogue was completed in 1905.
The Israelite High School was a school of the Jewish community of Timișoara, Romania. The high school operated between 1919 and 1948, with a number of about 700 students. It had four middle school classes for girls, eight theoretical high school classes for boys and eight commercial high school classes for boys. After 1948, the Sports High School and the High School of Fine Arts operated in its premises.
