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Cladonia rangiferina, also known as reindeer cup lichen, reindeer lichen or grey reindeer lichen, is a light-colored fruticose, cup lichen species in the family Cladoniaceae. It grows in both hot and cold climates in well-drained, open environments. Found primarily in areas of alpine tundra, it is extremely cold-hardy.
The Cladoniaceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. It is one of the largest families of lichen-forming fungi, with about 560 species distributed amongst 17 genera. The reindeer moss and cup lichens (Cladonia) belong to this family. The latter genus, which comprises about 500 species, forms a major part of the diet of large mammals in taiga and tundra ecosystems. Many Cladoniaceae lichens grow on soil, but other can use decaying wood, tree trunks, and, in a few instances, rocks as their substrate. They grow in places with high humidity, and cannot tolerate aridity.
Vernon Ahmadjian was a distinguished professor at Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts.—He specialized in the symbiosis of lichens, and wrote several books and numerous publications on the subject.
Cladonia asahinae, the pixie cup lichen or Asahina's cup lichen, is a species of cup lichen in the Cladoniaceae family. It grows on moss, particularly Chorisodontium aciphyllum, Polytrichum strictum, and Andreaea species. C. asahinae occurs in Europe, North America, and the southernmost part of South America. It also grows in the Antarctic.
Cladonia furcata or the many-forked cup lichen is a species cup lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It has an intermediate to tolerant air pollution sensitivity. Extracts of this species have been shown to kill leukemia cells in vitro, and may have possible value in the treatment of cancer.
Sphingobacterium alimentarium is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from a dairy environment in Germany.
Sphingobacterium changzhouense is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from soil from a rice field in Jiangsu in China.
Sphingobacterium composti is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, short rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from cotton waste compost in Korea.
Sphingobacterium daejeonense is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from compost.
Sphingobacterium hotanense is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from the Populus euphratica forest from the Hotan River valley in China.
Sphingobacterium kitahiroshimense is a Gram-negative, exopolysaccharide-degrading, strictly aerobic and chemoheterotrophic bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from soil from the city Kitahiroshima on Japan.
Sphingobacterium kyonggiense is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from soil contaminated with trichloroethene in Suwon in Korea.
Sphingobacterium nematocida is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from the tobacco-plant Nicotiana tabacum in Yuxi in China.
Sphingobacterium paludis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from soil from the Xixi wetland in China.
Sphingobacterium psychroaquaticum is a Gram-negative and psychrophilic bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from lake water from the Lake Michigan in Wisconsin in the United States.
Sphingobacterium shayense is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from forest soil from a Populus euphratica forest in Xinjiang in China.
Sphingobacterium siyangense is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from soil from Jiangsu in China.
Frondihabitans cladoniiphilus is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Frondihabitans which has been isolated from the thallus of the lichen Cladonia arbuscula from the Koralpe, Austria.
Sphingobacterium olei is a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, and non-motile bacterium. It was first isolated from oil-contaminated soil in Daqing oil field, China. S. olei has been found to be able to degrade herbicides quizalofop-p-ethyl and diclofop-methyl. Before a name was given, S. olei was designated as strain HAL-9T. The species name olei means “oil” in Latin.
Cladonia wainioi or the Wainio's cup lichen is a species of cup lichen found in boreal and arctic regions of the Russian Far East and northern North America.
References
- 1 2 Parte, A.C. "Sphingobacterium". LPSN .
- 1 2 "Sphingobacterium cladoniae". www.uniprot.org.
- ↑ Lee, D.-H.; Hur, J. S.; Kahng, H.-Y. (4 May 2012). "Sphingobacterium cladoniae sp. nov., isolated from lichen, Cladonia sp., and emended description of Sphingobacterium siyangense". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 63 (Pt 2): 755–760. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.038844-0. PMID 22561594.