St Mary's Abbey ruins | |
---|---|
Type | Abbey |
Location | Bardsey Island, Aberdaron, Gwynedd, Wales |
Coordinates | 52°45′51″N4°47′16″W / 52.7643°N 4.7877°W |
Built | 11th century onwards |
Governing body | Privately owned |
Listed Building – Grade I | |
Official name | Ruin of Abbey of St Mary |
Designated | 19 October 1971 |
Reference no. | 4232 |
Official name | St Mary's Abbey, Bardsey Island |
Reference no. | CN068 |
Listed Building – Grade II | |
Official name | Memorial Cross in graveyard centre |
Designated | 26 June 1998 |
Reference no. | 20050 |
Listed Building – Grade II | |
Official name | Memorial Cross in graveyard to south |
Designated | 26 June 1998 |
Reference no. | 20051 |
Listed Building – Grade II | |
Official name | Newborough Cross |
Designated | 26 June 1998 |
Reference no. | 20052 |
The ruins of the Abbey of St Mary, stand at the northern end of Bardsey Island, south-west of the Lleyn Peninsula, in Gwynedd, Wales. The site has had religious importance from at least the 6th century when Saint Cadfan founded an abbey there. In the following centuries the island became an important place of pilgrimage and 20,000 saints are reputedly buried on the island. By the end of the Middle Ages the abbey had declined in importance and, following the Dissolution of the monasteries, fell into ruin. In the 18th century, more substantial remains were still standing, but by the 20th only the current remnant of a tower remained. The ruins are a Grade II* listed building and a scheduled monument. Three Celtic crosses set among the ruins are listed at Grade II.
Saint Cadfan is reputed to have arrived on the island in the 5th century and the following centuries saw it become a place of high importance as a centre for pilgrimage and as a sanctuary for Christians escaping persecution. St Cadfal is said to have built the first abbey on the St Mary's site. [1] By the High Middle Ages the island was reputedly the burial place of some 20,000 saints. [2] It became one of the three Welsh pilgrimage sites of national importance, and Edward I visited in 1284. [lower-alpha 1] [3] The Dissolution saw the destruction of the abbey and it subsequently fell into ruins. By the 20th century, only the fragment of one tower remained. Richard Haslam, Julian Orbach and Adam Voelcker, in their 2009 edition Gywnedd, in the Buildings of Wales series, note its setting within an walled enclosure. [2]
The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales records the dimensions of the "two-stage" tower as 5.8m square with 1.0m thick walls and standing 8.0m high. [4] The ruins are a Grade I listed building, [3] and a Scheduled monument. [5] Three Celtic crosses within the abbey grounds are listed at Grade II. [6] [7] [8]
Bardsey Island, known as the legendary "Island of 20,000 Saints", is located 1.9 miles (3.1 km) off the Llŷn Peninsula in the Welsh county of Gwynedd. The Welsh name means "The Island in the Currents", while its English name refers to the "Island of the Bards", or possibly the Viking chieftain, "Barda". At 179 hectares in area it is the fourth largest offshore island in Wales, with a population of 11.
Penrhyn Castle is a country house in Llandygai, Bangor, Gwynedd, North Wales, constructed in the style of a Norman castle. The Penrhyn estate was founded by Ednyfed Fychan. In the 15th century his descendant Gwilym ap Griffith built a fortified manor house on the site. In the 18th century, the Penrhyn estate came into the possession of Richard Pennant, 1st Baron Penrhyn, in part from his father, a Liverpool merchant, and in part from his wife, Ann Susannah Pennant née Warburton, the daughter of an army officer. Pennant derived great wealth from his ownership of slave plantations in the West Indies and was a strong opponent of attempts to abolish the slave trade. His wealth was used in part for the development of the slate mining industry on Pennant's Caernarfonshire estates, and also for development of Penrhyn Castle. In the 1780s Pennant commissioned Samuel Wyatt to undertake a reconstruction of the medieval house.
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St Mary's Church, Rhodogeidio is a small medieval church, dating from the 15th century, near Llannerch-y-medd, in Anglesey, north Wales. It served as a chapel of ease to another church in the area, St Ceidio's. Some restoration work was carried out in the 19th century, but St Mary's has since fallen into disuse and is now largely in ruins.
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