St Mary's Abbey ruins, Bardsey Island

Last updated

St Mary's Abbey ruins
Bardsey Abbey - geograph.org.uk - 6234345.jpg
TypeAbbey
Location Bardsey Island, Aberdaron, Gwynedd, Wales
Coordinates 52°45′51″N4°47′16″W / 52.7643°N 4.7877°W / 52.7643; -4.7877
Built11th century onwards
Governing bodyPrivately owned
Listed Building – Grade I
Official nameRuin of Abbey of St Mary
Designated19 October 1971
Reference no.4232
Official nameSt Mary's Abbey, Bardsey Island
Reference no.CN068
Listed Building – Grade II
Official nameMemorial Cross in graveyard centre
Designated26 June 1998
Reference no.20050
Listed Building – Grade II
Official nameMemorial Cross in graveyard to south
Designated26 June 1998
Reference no.20051
Listed Building – Grade II
Official nameNewborough Cross
Designated26 June 1998
Reference no.20052
Gwynedd UK relief location map.jpg
Red pog.svg
Location of St Mary's Abbey ruins in Gwynedd

The ruins of the Abbey of St Mary, stand at the northern end of Bardsey Island, south-west of the Lleyn Peninsula, in Gwynedd, Wales. The site has had religious importance from at least the 6th century when Saint Cadfan founded an abbey there. In the following centuries the island became an important place of pilgrimage and 20,000 saints are reputedly buried on the island. By the end of the Middle Ages the abbey had declined in importance and, following the Dissolution of the monasteries, fell into ruin. In the 18th century, more substantial remains were still standing, but by the 20th only the current remnant of a tower remained. The ruins are a Grade II* listed building and a scheduled monument. Three Celtic crosses set among the ruins are listed at Grade II.

Contents

History and description

Saint Cadfan is reputed to have arrived on the island in the 5th century and the following centuries saw it become a place of high importance as a centre for pilgrimage and as a sanctuary for Christians escaping persecution. St Cadfal is said to have built the first abbey on the St Mary's site. [1] By the High Middle Ages the island was reputedly the burial place of some 20,000 saints. [2] It became one of the three Welsh pilgrimage sites of national importance, and Edward I visited in 1284. [lower-alpha 1] [3] The Dissolution saw the destruction of the abbey and it subsequently fell into ruins. By the 20th century, only the fragment of one tower remained. Richard Haslam, Julian Orbach and Adam Voelcker, in their 2009 edition Gywnedd, in the Buildings of Wales series, note its setting within an walled enclosure. [2]

The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales records the dimensions of the "two-stage" tower as 5.8m square with 1.0m thick walls and standing 8.0m high. [4] The ruins are a Grade I listed building, [3] and a Scheduled monument. [5] Three Celtic crosses within the abbey grounds are listed at Grade II. [6] [7] [8]

Footnotes

  1. The other sites of national import were St Davids and Holywell. [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bardsey Island</span> Welsh island

Bardsey Island, known as the legendary "Island of 20,000 Saints", is located 1.9 miles (3.1 km) off the Llŷn Peninsula in the Welsh county of Gwynedd. The Welsh name means "The Island in the Currents", while its English name refers to the "Island of the Bards", or possibly the Viking chieftain, "Barda". At 179 hectares in area it is the fourth largest offshore island in Wales, with a population of 11.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Penrhyn Castle</span> Country house in Wales

Penrhyn Castle is a country house in Llandygai, Bangor, Gwynedd, North Wales, constructed in the style of a Norman castle. The Penrhyn estate was founded by Ednyfed Fychan. In the 15th century his descendant Gwilym ap Griffith built a fortified manor house on the site. In the 18th century, the Penrhyn estate came into the possession of Richard Pennant, 1st Baron Penrhyn, in part from his father, a Liverpool merchant, and in part from his wife, Ann Susannah Pennant née Warburton, the daughter of an army officer. Pennant derived great wealth from his ownership of slave plantations in the West Indies and was a strong opponent of attempts to abolish the slave trade. His wealth was used in part for the development of the slate mining industry on Pennant's Caernarfonshire estates, and also for development of Penrhyn Castle. In the 1780s Pennant commissioned Samuel Wyatt to undertake a reconstruction of the medieval house.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Llangelynnin, Gwynedd</span> Human settlement in Wales

Llangelynnin is a small village and community near Tywyn, Gwynedd, Wales. Although the village is usually known as Llangelynnin in English, the community name used was Llangelynin though now its also "Llangelynnin".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Mary's Church, Rhodogeidio</span> Church in Wales

St Mary's Church, Rhodogeidio is a small medieval church, dating from the 15th century, near Llannerch-y-medd, in Anglesey, north Wales. It served as a chapel of ease to another church in the area, St Ceidio's. Some restoration work was carried out in the 19th century, but St Mary's has since fallen into disuse and is now largely in ruins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Ceidio's Church, Rhodogeidio</span> Church in Wales

St Ceidio's Church, Rhodogeidio is a rural 19th-century church near Llannerch-y-medd, in Anglesey, north Wales. It was built using materials from the 14th-century church that previously stood on the site, which has been used for Christian worship since some time in the 7th century. The present building, which contains an east window dating from the 14th century and a 15th-century font, is no longer used for services, but has been looked after by local people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eglwys y Bedd</span> Church in Wales

Eglwys y Bedd is all that remains of a 14th-century church in Anglesey, north Wales. It is set within the churchyard of St Cybi's, Holyhead, and may have been built on the site where Cybi lived and ministered. It is reputed to house the grave of Seregri, an Irish warrior who lived in the area in the 5th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhiwlas, Llandderfel</span> Grade II registered historic park and garden in Gwynedd, Wales

Rhiwlas is an estate about 1 km (0.62 mi) to the north of the town of Bala, Gwynedd, Wales. It has been in the possession of the Price family for over four centuries. Rhiwlas Hall, a Regency extravaganza, was demolished in the 1950s and replaced by a smaller house designed by Clough Williams-Ellis. Many of the estate buildings remain and are listed structures, and the hall's gardens and landscaped park, landscaped by William Emes, are listed at Grade II on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Wales Pilgrim's Way</span> Long-distance walking route in north Wales

The North Wales Pilgrim's Way is a long-distance walking route in North Wales, running from near Holywell in the east to Bardsey Island in the west. The first half of the trail takes an inland route, with the second half following the north coast of the Llŷn Peninsula. It measures 133.9 miles (215 km) in length, and was officially launched at Porth y Swnt, Aberdaron on 10 July 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jerusalem Chapel, Bethesda</span> Chapel in Bethesda, Gwynedd, Wales

Jerusalem Chapel, Bethesda, Gwynedd, Wales is a Presbyterian Church of Wales chapel built in 1841–1842 and reconstructed in 1872–1875. Of colossal size, the chapel can accommodate 980 people in its horseshoe amphitheatre. Still an active chapel, it is a Grade I listed building.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Hywyn's Church, Aberdaron</span> Church in Gwynedd, Wales

The Church of St Hywyn, Aberdaron, Gwynedd, Wales, is a parish church dating from the 12th century. Its origins are earlier, as a clas church from the 5th to the 7th centuries. Further building, including the construction of the second nave, took place in the late 15th or early 16th centuries. Its importance was as an embarkation point for the abbey on Bardsey Island which became a significant site of pilgrimage in the Middle Ages. The Reformation saw the church's decline, and by the 19th century it was a ruin. In the 1850s a new church, Eglwys Newydd, was constructed inland, but proved so unpopular that St Hywyn's was restored. The Welsh poet R. S. Thomas was minister at the church, which is a Grade I listed building.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hafotty</span> House in Llansadwrn, Anglesey

Hafotty, Llansadwrn, Anglesey, Wales is a medieval hall house dating from the mid 14th century. Described in the Gwynedd Pevsner as "one of Anglesey's classic small medieval houses", Hafotty is a Grade I listed building and a scheduled monument.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pont Minllyn</span> Bridge in Gwynedd, Wales

Pont Minllyn is a bridge spanning the Afon Dyfi, north of the village of Mallwyd, in Gwynedd, Wales. It was built by John Davies, rector of Mallwyd between 1603 and 1644 and a famed Welsh scholar who wrote a Welsh grammar and worked on early Welsh translations of the Bible and the Book of Common Prayer. Pont Minllyn was designed as a packhorse bridge to facilitate the transportation of goods. It is a Grade II listed building and a Scheduled monument.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Penarth Fawr</span> Hall house in Gwynedd, Wales

Penarth Fawr is a hall house in the community of Llanystumdwy, Gwynedd, Wales. The oldest part of the house dates from the mid-fifteenth century and consists of four bays of the original house, with the service rooms in the southern bay and the hall occupying the other three; a parlour wing to the north of the hall has been demolished. There is a seventeenth-century wing attached to the rear of the building. The original house has been altered several times, but was restored to approximately its medieval appearance in 1937 and is notable for its intact medieval roof and screen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Victoria Terrace, Beaumaris</span> Terrace in Anglesey, Wales

Victoria Terrace, on the seafront in Beaumaris, Anglesey, Wales is a range of early 19th century townhouses. The terrace was designed by the architectural partnership of Joseph Hansom and Edward Welch for the Beaumaris Corporation. The development was a central part of the corporation's plans to reposition Beaumaris as a fashionable seaside resort in response to its declining maritime trade. The terrace was sold off in the early 20th century and is now divided into nineteen apartments, No. 1 remaining as a single house. This, and each apartment, No.s 2-20 inclusive, is designated a Grade I listed building, the Cadw listing record describing the whole block as "an outstanding and well-preserved late-Georgian terrace of national importance".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Craig y Mor</span> House in Anglesey, Wales

Craig y Mor is a house overlooking Treaddur Bay on Anglesey, Wales. The house dates from the early 20th century and has always been privately owned. It is a Grade II listed building.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Capel Peniel</span> Chapel in Tremadog, Gwynedd, Wales

Capel Peniel in Tremadog, Gwynedd, Wales, is a former Calvinist Methodist chapel built in 1808–1809 and completed, to the original plans, in 1849. Among the earliest, if not the earliest, chapel in Wales built to a Neoclassical design, it was hugely influential on subsequent chapel-building throughout the country. Closed as a chapel in 2010, it suffered neglect and was placed on the Heritage at Risk Register before restoration in the 2020s. It now functions as a community hall and is a Grade I listed building.

Whitewell Ruins is a historic site on the edge of the village of Penally, Pembrokeshire, Wales. The site consists of three structures, called A, B and C. The purposes of the structures are not fully understood, although sources agree that the largest, Whitewell Ruins: Structure A, was a medieval manor house and that Structures B and C served as ancillary buildings of some type. All three structures are Grade I listed buildings and the site is a Scheduled monument.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bulkeley Hotel</span> Hotel in Anglesey, Wales

The Bulkeley Hotel stands on the seafront in Beaumaris, Anglesey, Wales. It was designed by the architectural partnership of Joseph Hansom and Edward Welch for the Beaumaris Corporation. The development was a central part of the corporation's plans to reposition Beaumaris as a fashionable seaside resort in response to its declining maritime trade. It is designated a Grade I listed building, and remains in operation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Benedict's Church, Gyffin</span> Church in Conwy County Borough, Wales

St Benedict's Church is an active parish church in Gyffin, Conwy, Conwy County Borough, Wales. Formerly a village, and now a suburb of the town, Gyffin lies immediately south of Conwy on the south bank of Afon Gyffin. Cadw records that the present church dates from c.1300, although possibly with earlier origins. The church is designated a Grade I listed building.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Mary's Church, Caerhun</span> Church in Conwy County Borough, Wales

St Mary's Church is an active parish church in Caerhun, Conwy County Borough, Wales. A scattered settlement, Caerhun lies 6.5 km to the south of Conwy. The church stands in the north-east corner of the remains of the Roman fort of Canovium. Its wider setting is the 19th century parkland of Caer Rhun Hall. Cadw records that the church dates from the 13th century. It is a Grade I listed building, and the Caer Rhun parkland within which is sited is listed on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

References

  1. Bagnall, Steve (8 April 2017). "Is Bardsey Island home to remains of 20,000 saints?". North Wales Live . Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  2. 1 2 Haslam, Orbach & Voelcker 2009, p. 259.
  3. 1 2 3 Cadw. "Ruin of Abbey of St Mary (Grade I) (4232)". National Historic Assets of Wales . Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  4. "St Mary's Abbey (93544)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  5. Cadw. "St Mary's Abbey (CN068)". National Historic Assets of Wales . Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  6. Cadw. "Memorial Cross in graveyard centre (Grade II) (20050)". National Historic Assets of Wales . Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  7. Cadw. "Memorial Cross in graveyard to south (Grade II) (20051)". National Historic Assets of Wales . Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  8. Cadw. "Newborough Cros (Grade II) (20052)". National Historic Assets of Wales . Retrieved 8 September 2024.

Sources