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Pathological science is an area of research where "people are tricked into false results ... by subjective effects, wishful thinking or threshold interactions." The term was first used by Irving Langmuir, Nobel Prize-winning chemist, during a 1953 colloquium at the Knolls Research Laboratory. Langmuir said a pathological science is an area of research that simply will not "go away"—long after it was given up on as "false" by the majority of scientists in the field. He called pathological science "the science of things that aren't so."
Brian David Josephson is a British theoretical physicist and professor emeritus of physics at the University of Cambridge. Best known for his pioneering work on superconductivity and quantum tunnelling, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 for his prediction of the Josephson effect, made in 1962 when he was a 22-year-old PhD student at Cambridge University. Josephson is the first Welshman to have won a Nobel Prize in Physics. He shared the prize with physicists Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever, who jointly received half the award for their own work on quantum tunnelling.
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Eugene Franklin Mallove was an American scientist, science writer, editor, and publisher of Infinite Energy magazine, and founder of the nonprofit organization New Energy Foundation. He was a proponent of cold fusion, and a supporter of its research and related exploratory alternative energy topics, several of which are sometimes characterised as "fringe science".
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Bernhardt Patrick John O’Mara Bockris was a South African professor of chemistry, latterly at Texas A&M University. During his long and prolific career he published some 700 papers and two dozen books. His best known work is in electrochemistry but his output also extended to environmental chemistry, photoelectrochemistry and bioelectrochemistry. In the 1990s he experimented with cold fusion and transmutation, topics on which his unorthodox views provoked controversy.
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Robert Alan Huggins is Professor Emeritus at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the School of Engineering at Stanford University and Honorary Professor at the University of Kiel and the University of Ulm. He was previously Chief Scientist at the Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research in Ulm. The International Society for Solid State Ionics (ISSI) held a symposium in his honor in 2009, in recognition of his work on fundamental properties and behavior of materials, solid state ionic probing techniques, catalytic behavior at gas–solid interfaces, and the development of electrodes for Lithium Ion batteries.
Martin Fleischmann FRS was a British chemist who worked in electrochemistry. The premature announcement of his cold fusion research with Stanley Pons, regarding excess heat in heavy water, caused a media sensation and elicited skepticism and criticism from many in the scientific community.
Steven Elliot Koonin is an American theoretical physicist and former director of the Center for Urban Science and Progress at New York University. He is also a professor in the Department of Civil and Urban Engineering at NYU's Tandon School of Engineering. From 2004 to 2009, Koonin was employed by BP as the oil and gas company’s Chief Scientist. From 2009 to 2011, he was Under Secretary for Science, Department of Energy, in the Obama administration.
Richard A. Oriani was an El Salvador-born American chemical engineer and metallurgist who was instrumental in the study of the effects of hydrogen in metal. He also made significant contributions to the field of cold fusion.
John Robert Huizenga was an American physicist who helped build the first atomic bomb and who also debunked University of Utah scientists' claim of achieving cold fusion.
References
- 1 2 Platt, Charles (1998). "What if Cold Fusion is Real?". Wired Magazine . Vol. 6, no. 11. Retrieved 2008-05-25.
- 1 2 Weinberger, Sharon (2004-11-21). "Warming Up to Cold Fusion". Washington Post . p. W22. Archived from the original on 2007-08-10. (page 2 of online version)
- ↑ "Nuclear fusion", Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011, accessed May 6, 2011.
- 1 2 3 William J. Broad (1989-05-09). "Brilliance and Recklessness Seen in Fusion Collaboration". The New York Times .
- ↑ Fleischmann, M; Pons S; Hawkins M (1989). "Electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium". J. Electroanal. Chem. 261 (2): 301. doi:10.1016/0022-0728(89)80006-3.
- 1 2 Adil E. Shamoo; David B. Resnik (2003). Oxford University Press US (ed.). Responsible Conduct of Research (2, illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 76, 97. ISBN 0-19-514846-0.
- ↑ Taubes, Gary (1993). Bad science: the short life and weird times of cold fusion . New York: Random House. pp. 6. ISBN 0-394-58456-2.
- ↑ Bart Simon (2002). Rutgers University Press (ed.). Undead Science: Science Studies and the Afterlife of Cold Fusion (illustrated ed.). Rutgers University Press. p. 119. ISBN 0-8135-3154-3.
- ↑ Henry Krips; J. E. McGuire; Trevor Melia (1995). University of Pittsburgh Press (ed.). Science, Reason, and Rhetoric (illustrated ed.). University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. xvi. ISBN 0-8229-3912-6.
- ↑ Michael B. Schiffer; Kacy L. Hollenback; Carrie L. Bell (2003). University of California Press (ed.). Draw the Lightning Down: Benjamin Franklin and Electrical Technology in the Age of Enlightenment (illustrated ed.). University of California Press. pp. 207. ISBN 0-520-23802-8.
- ↑ Thomas F. Gieryn (1999). University of Chicago Press (ed.). Cultural Boundaries of Science: Credibility on the Line (illustrated ed.). University of Chicago Press. pp. https://books.google.com/books?id=GljD3CHbDx0C&pg=PA204 204. ISBN 0-226-29262-2.
- ↑ Voss, D (1999-03-01). "What Ever Happened to Cold Fusion". Physics World. 12 (3): 12–14. doi:10.1088/2058-7058/12/3/14.
