Suleman octuplets

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Suleman octuplets
Born
  • Noah Angel Solomon
  • Maliyah Angel Solomon
  • Isaiah Angel Solomon
  • Nariyah Angel Solomon
  • Jonah Angel Solomon
  • Makai Angel Solomon
  • Josiah Angel Solomon
  • Jeremiah Angel Solomon

(2009-01-26) January 26, 2009 (age 15)[ citation needed ]
Bellflower, California, U.S.
Known forFirst known surviving set of octuplets

The Suleman octuplets are six male and two female children conceived via in vitro fertilization (IVF) and subsequently born to Nadya Suleman on January 26, 2009, in Bellflower, California. Residing in Lancaster, California, they are the first known octuplets to survive their infancy. The extremely controversial circumstances of their high-order multiple birth have led to debates in the field of assisted reproductive technology and an investigation by the Medical Board of California of the fertility specialist involved in the case. [1]

Contents

Background

Conception

Suleman's octuplets were conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) conducted by Dr. Michael Kamrava. Suleman claimed to have requested the transfer of six embryos that she had accumulated from previous IVF treatments, despite being informed that the recommended guideline limit for a woman her age was three. [1] She stated she wanted all six transferred, as they were all that remained from previous harvest cycles, and she neither wanted to destroy them nor to continue paying for their frozen storage. [2] A subsequent Medical Board of California investigation revealed that 29 embryos remained in frozen storage; nevertheless, Suleman underwent a fresh embryo transfer cycle, and Dr. Kamrava transferred 12 fresh blastocysts into Suleman at her request. [3] The mother's health and gestational status were followed from her first trimester.[ citation needed ]

Birth

The delivery (via a scheduled Caesarean section) involved 46 medical personnel and was practiced twice beforehand at the Kaiser Permanente Bellflower Medical Offices in Bellflower, California. Suleman carried the babies to 31 weeks. Doctors anticipated seven babies, so the eighth came as a surprise. [4] Born over the course of five minutes, all eight babies were immediately reported in stable condition; though two required intubation and a ventilator, and another required extra oxygen. [5]

Names

The babies' names are Noah, Maliyah, Isaiah, Nariyah, Jonah, Makai, Josiah, and Jeremiah. Suleman stated that she chose biblical names and gave all eight the middle name Angel, and that their surname would be Solomon, after their biological father. [6] [7] [8]

The following data from Kaiser Permanente indicate their birth order, birth time, weight, and given name at the time of discharge: [5]

Baby orderTime of birthGenderBirth weightName
A10:43 amBoy2 lb 11 oz (1.2 kg)Noah
B10:44 amGirl2 lb 12 oz (1.2 kg)Maliyah
C10:45 amBoy3 lb 4 oz (1.5 kg)Isaiah
D10:45 amGirl2 lb 8 oz (1.1 kg)Nariyah
E10:46 amBoy1 lb 8 oz (0.68 kg)Jonah
F10:47 amBoy2 lb 12 oz (1.2 kg)Makai
G10:47 amBoy1 lb 15 oz (0.88 kg)Josiah
H10:48 amBoy2 lb 11 oz (1.2 kg)Jeremiah

Baby C (Isaiah) was the largest of the children at 3 lbs, 4 oz, and Baby E (Jonah) was the smallest. Baby H (Jeremiah) had not previously been visible on the ultrasound. [5]

Post-delivery

Two days after birth, five of the eight infants received their first tube-feeding of donated breast milk. Josiah rejected his first tube-feeding and was returned to intravenous feeding, as his stomach was unable to absorb breast milk. At that time, three of the other infants had been fed intravenously since birth and had yet to receive their first tube-feeding. [9] [10]

Six days after birth, all eight babies were breathing without assistance and were being fed donated breast milk, as well as intravenous nutritional supplements. A hospital spokesman said the octuplets were expected to remain in the hospital for several more weeks. [11]

One week after birth, the Suleman octuplets became the longest-living octuplets in United States history, as the smallest of the Chukwu octuplets born in Houston in 1998 died seven days after birth. [12] [13] Suleman set the Guinness World Record for the most children delivered at a single birth to survive. [14]

Ten days after the birth of her octuplets, Suleman was released from the hospital. In her February 5, 2009, interview, Suleman stated that she held each of the octuplets for 45 minutes a day, holding the smallest, Jonah (born at 1 lb, 8 oz), the longest. [15] [16]

The hospital where the octuplets were expected to spend seven to twelve weeks, requested significant reimbursement from Medi-Cal, the state's Medicaid program, for care of the eight premature babies. [17]

Family

Paternity claims

Suleman's mother stated that a single sperm donor named David Solomon [18] was used to produce the octuplets as well as her previous six children. [19] [20] Suleman stated that she dated David once, but then realized that she only wanted him to father her children and not to pursue any relationship with him. [21] The octuplets' grandfather and others have accused Suleman of making up a fictitious David Solomon, as she had used the name for the father on birth certificates of her other children, but with a different birthdate. [22] [23] [24]

On the February 23, 2009, edition of ABC's Good Morning America , a man named Denis Beaudoin claimed to be the biological father of Suleman's children. He said they had dated from 1997 to 1999 and that Suleman asked him if he would donate the sperm. Beaudoin requested a paternity test to verify his claim. Suleman denied that he was the donor. [25] [26] [27]

Suleman's ex-husband, Marcos Gutierrez, who divorced Suleman in 2006, denied being the biological father. [28]

Grandparents

In 2009 the octuplets' maternal grandfather, 67-year-old Edward Doud Suleman, identifying himself as a former Iraqi military man, said he would be returning to his native Iraq as a translator and driver, in order to financially support his daughter and her 14 children. [29] [30] Their grandmother, 69-year-old Angela Victoria Suleman, a retired teacher, has helped look after the first six children. She indicated that she was overwhelmed looking after them, and was critical of her daughter in her public statements in 2009. For example, she said that her daughter did not contribute toward housing or food costs. [31] [29] [32] [33]

Reception

News of the octuplets caused an international media sensation. [34] Suleman had even gone into hiding. [35]

There has been much public discussion about Nadya Suleman's decision to transfer, carry, and give birth to octuplets. [36] [37] Many expressed concern that her decision for more children, despite being unemployed and unmarried, would burden taxpayers via public support. [38]

State Senator Gloria Negrete McLeod introduced legislation to have fertility clinics placed under the jurisdiction of the Medical Board of California. [39] The transfer of twelve embryos in a woman under 35 years of age who already had children raised many controversies and led to calls for legislation to limit the number of simultaneous embryo transfers.[ citation needed ]

Dr. Kamrava investigation

The Medical Board of California announced on February 6, 2009, that it was investigating Dr. Kamrava, the physician who transferred the embryos, in an attempt to substantiate if there was a violation of the standard of care. The American Society for Reproductive Medicine expressed interest in assisting the Board in its investigation. [40] [41] [42] Kamrava had also provided fertility treatment to a 49-year-old woman who was uninsured, 5 months pregnant with quadruplets, and hospitalized at Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center, where at least seven embryos were used. [42] [43] In October 2009, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine announced that it had expelled Dr. Kamrava. [44]

In January 2010, charges were filed with the California Medical Board in relation to the conception of the octuplets. The complaint also stated that Kamrava had exercised gross negligence, acted "beyond the reasonable judgment" of any physician, and used a number of embryos that "far exceeded" existing guidelines. [45] [46]

On June 1, 2011, the California Board announced that Dr. Kamrava's license would be revoked effective July 1. [3] [47] The charges also included the assertion that fresh, non-frozen embryos were used each time. [45] [48]

On May 8, 2013, the State Medical Board of Ohio denied Kamrava restoration of his medical license after he filed an appeal to practice there as it was the state where he was educated. [49]

According to The New York Times , Kamrava hid his assets in the Cook Islands, making use of its asset-protection trust laws. [50]

In July 2016, Kamrava filed an appeal with the California Medical Board to reinstate his license to practice in California. The Board rejected the appeal in September 2016. [51]

Later years

A 2018 New York Times article stated that the octuplets at age nine were "small for their age, but they're polite, they cook, they're vegan, they read two books a month and do their homework without being prompted. In spite of all of the horror stories in the tabloids since birth, they're model fourth graders." With 14 siblings in all, the children ate in shifts and some slept on the couch. [52]

In March 2019, the Australian current affairs program Sunday Night interviewed Suleman for the octuplets' tenth birthday; it was noted that the Suleman household is run with "military precision", and the children are "happy, healthy, and well-mannered". [53]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">In vitro fertilisation</span> Assisted reproductive technology procedure

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm in vitro. The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process, removing an ovum or ova from their ovaries and letting a man's sperm fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory. After the fertilised egg (zygote) undergoes embryo culture for 2–6 days, it is transferred by catheter into the uterus, with the intention of establishing a successful pregnancy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Multiple birth</span> End of a multiple pregnancy where two or more offspring are born

A multiple birth is the culmination of one multiple pregnancy, where in the mother gives birth to two or more babies. A term most applicable to vertebrate species, multiple births occur in most kinds of mammals, with varying frequencies. Such births are often named according to the number of offspring, as in twins and triplets. In non-humans, the whole group may also be referred to as a litter, and multiple births may be more common than single births. Multiple births in humans are the exception and can be exceptionally rare in the largest mammals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Assisted reproductive technology</span> Methods to achieve pregnancy by artificial or partially artificial means

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) includes medical procedures used primarily to address infertility. This subject involves procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), cryopreservation of gametes or embryos, and/or the use of fertility medication. When used to address infertility, ART may also be referred to as fertility treatment. ART mainly belongs to the field of reproductive endocrinology and infertility. Some forms of ART may be used with regard to fertile couples for genetic purpose. ART may also be used in surrogacy arrangements, although not all surrogacy arrangements involve ART. The existence of sterility will not always require ART to be the first option to consider, as there are occasions when its cause is a mild disorder that can be solved with more conventional treatments or with behaviors based on promoting health and reproductive habits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Surrogacy</span> Arrangement in which a woman carries and delivers a child for designated parent(s).

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Egg donation is the process by which a woman donates eggs to enable another woman to conceive as part of an assisted reproduction treatment or for biomedical research. For assisted reproduction purposes, egg donation typically involves in vitro fertilization technology, with the eggs being fertilized in the laboratory; more rarely, unfertilized eggs may be frozen and stored for later use. Egg donation is a third-party reproduction as part of assisted reproductive technology.

Superfecundation is the fertilization of two or more ova from the same cycle by sperm from separate acts of sexual intercourse, which can lead to twin babies from two separate biological fathers. The term superfecundation is derived from fecund, meaning able to produce offspring. Homopaternal superfecundation is fertilization of two separate ova from the same father, leading to fraternal twins, while heteropaternal superfecundation is a form of atypical twinning where, genetically, the twins are half siblings – sharing the same mother, but with different fathers.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990</span> United Kingdom legislation

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nadya Suleman</span> Mother of octuplets

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<i>Octomom Home Alone</i> 2012 American film

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References

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  22. ↑ "Transcript - Issues with Jane Velez-Mitchell - Criminal Record for Missing Girls' Father?". CNN.com. February 23, 2009. VELEZ-MITCHELL: Pete Demetrious, we only have a little bit of time, but Nadya has said that this other guy who has just come forward is not the real father. And on some of the birth certificates of four of the six children she had before she had the octuplets she listed a David Solomon, but they had different birth dates for this so-called father. Is David Solomon a real person or a fictional person?
    DEMETRIOU: Doesn't matter whether he's real or fictional, because the mother is not obligated under law to provide any real data on the parent or the father. Not only that, in the case of a sperm donor, she probably wouldn't know anyway. So she could name David Solomon, John Doe or Chewbacca, for all that we know.
    VELEZ-MITCHELL: I'm sure Chewbacca is going to be coming up soon and saying that he donated the sperm.
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  44. ↑ Duke, Alan (October 19, 2009). "Medical society boots doctor who did IVF in Suleman octuplets case". CNN.
  45. 1 2 "Octomom Defends Doc Against Allegations of Negligence". KTLA News. January 5, 2010.
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  49. ↑ "Dr. Michael Kamrava - Phone & Address Info - Beverly Hills, CA - Fertility & Reproductive Endocrinology & Obstetrics & Gynecology". Healthgrades.com. Retrieved July 21, 2013. - references documents from State Medical Board of Ohio "letter to Dr. Kamrava from State Medical Board of Ohio" (PDF). Healthgrades.com. May 8, 2013.
  50. ↑ Wayne, Leslie (December 14, 2013). "Cook Islands, a Paradise of Untouchable Assets". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved September 21, 2017. Lawyers drumming up business say they have found just the place: the Cook Islands. And, thanks to a recently released trove of documents, it's become clear that hundreds of wealthy people have stashed their money there, including a felon who ran a $7 billion Ponzi scheme and the doctor who lost his license in the Octomom case."; "Dr. Michael M. Kamrava, who lost his medical license after implanting embryos allowing Nadya Suleiman, the so-called Octomom, to give birth to octuplets, placed his interest in a Beverly Hills surgery center and a Swiss bank account on his 'Athena Trust'.
  51. ↑ "Petition for Reinstatement of Revoked Certificate". mbc.ca.gov. September 28, 2016. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
  52. ↑ Popescu, Adam (December 15, 2018). "The Octomom Has Proved Us All Wrong". The New York Times.
  53. ↑ "Octomum Natalie Suleman's octuplets celebrate their 10th birthdays". 7NEWS.com.au. March 10, 2019. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
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