Susan Fuhrman

Last updated
Susan Fuhrman
Born
Susan Harriet Fuhrman

1944 (age 79–80)
The Bronx, New York, U.S.
Known forfounding Consortium for Policy Research in Education
Board member of National Academy of Education president 2009–2013
Academic background
Education Northwestern University (BA, MA)
Columbia University (PhD)
Thesis The Classification of Roll Call Votes in New Jersey (1977)
Main interests

Susan Harriet Fuhrman (born April 1944) is an American education policy scholar and served from 2006 [1] [2] as the first female president of Teachers College, Columbia University. [3] Fuhrman earned her doctorate in Political Science and Education from Columbia University. She is an authority on school reform.

Contents

Fuhrman served as the Dean of the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education for 11 years, [4] where she is widely credited with elevating Penn GSE to enhanced national stature by "focusing on themes of urban and international education and broadening involvement with schools in underserved communities..." [5] Prior to her service as dean at Pennsylvania, Fuhrman taught at Rutgers University and founded the Consortium for Policy Research in Education, the nation's first federally funded education policy center. [6]

In 2007 Fuhrman was named one of New York's 100 most influential women by Crain's New York Business . [7] In 2009, she also became president of the National Academy of Education. [8]

Early life and education

Susan Harriet Fuhrman was born in April 1944 [9] in the Bronx, the daughter of Irene Satz Levine, who rose from a stock girl to become Vice President of Ohrbach's department store. With a mother and three aunts who were all successful professionals, Fuhrman says, she always “had the model of a woman who was independent and a major figure in whatever field she chose to be in.” [10]

Fuhrman is a graduate of New York City public schools, including Hunter College High School which she graduated from in 1961. [11] She earned her B.A. and M.A. degrees in history from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. After teaching in secondary schools and studying policy planning and administration in the School of Education at the University of California, Berkeley, she received a Ph.D. in political science and education at Teachers College, Columbia University in 1977. [12] Her dissertation was titled, “The Classification of Roll Call Votes in New Jersey.”

Fuhrman's Teachers College advisor and mentor was Donna Shalala, later U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services and President of the University of Miami, who enabled Fuhrman and other students to gain real-world experience working with the Connecticut State legislature and a commission appointed by New York Governor Hugh Carey. Fuhrman has credited Shalala for her own subsequent focus on “the interaction of theory and practice” and her lifelong interest in “working closely with policymakers to do practice based on good, research-based advice [10] "

Consortium for Policy Research and Education (CPRE)

After completing graduate school, Fuhrman taught public policy at Rutgers’ Eagleton Institute for Politics during the early 1980s. It was there, in 1985, that she founded the Consortium for Policy Research and Education (CPRE), a joint venture among leading schools of education that included scholars such as future U.S. Secretary of Education Richard Riley; Richard Elmore, now the Gregory R. Anrig Professor of Educational Leadership at Harvard; and Marshall Smith, later Undersecretary of Education under President Clinton.

CPRE conducted some of the most influential early analyses of what would become the state education standards movement, critiquing the spate of school reforms enacted following the publication of “A Nation at Risk.” That report famously highlighted the failure of American students to keep pace with their counterparts in Japan, Germany and other countries. CPRE determined that the reforms of the 1980s were fragmented and largely ineffective. In a series of articles and policy briefs, the CPRE group articulated a theory of standards-based reform that called for directly tying text books, teacher preparation and testing to statewide standards for student learning. That vision was adopted by the National Science Foundation, which began funding state systemic initiatives in the late 1980s and 90s, and was subsequently taken up by every major policy association and adopted, to varying degrees, by nearly every state. [13]

“The big shift coming from CPRE was about changing standards from the generic benchmarking that had gone on in the past to something that actually shaped what students were learning in the classroom,” Marshall Smith said in 2007. [13]

While Fuhrman has continued to call for standards that promote deeper learning, she has publicly stated that, with the passage of the federal No Child Left Behind Act and other measures, the standards movement has focused excessively on testing and other accountability measures.

“The early visions of standards-based reform were that states would develop standards and use them to develop curriculum, [14] ” she said in an interview in 2013. “Instead, states developed standards and nobody developed curriculum. They commissioned tests, and the test specs became the de facto curriculum, and they were much narrower than a curriculum should be.” For the new Common Core State Standards to be successful, Fuhrman wrote in Education Week in 2009, “educators and policymakers in the states, or in groups of states, will need to flesh out the new standards with curricula that specify desired pathways through the subject matter that will lead to mastery of the standards.” [15]

University of Pennsylvania

In 1995 Fuhrman was named Dean of the University of Pennsylvania's Graduate School of Education (Penn GSE) and the school's George and Diane Weiss Professor of Education. Her scholarship focused on enhancing the quality of education research, accountability in education, standards-based reform and intergovernmental relationships. [16] Her published books during this period included Designing Coherent Education Policy (1993); Redesigning Accountability Systems for Education (2004), co-edited with Richard Elmore; and “The State of Education Policy Research,” co-authored with David Cohen and Fritz Mosher (2006). [17]

As Dean of Penn GSE, Fuhrman was seen “as a driving force in the School’s increased engagement in local urban schools and in international education. Her dedication to rigorous research and practical reform was reflected in the quadrupling of externally funded research at GSE” and when she left for Teachers College, almost half of the School's standing tenure track faculty had been hired during her tenure.” [18]

Fuhrman broadened Penn GSE’s involvement with schools in under-served communities in West Philadelphia. Under University of Pennsylvania President Judith Rodin, Fuhrman spearheaded the creation of the Sadie Tanner Mosell Alexander School, a university-backed pre-K-8 public school named for the first African-American woman to receive a law degree at the University of Pennsylvania. The school sends most of its graduates on to selective high schools.

Following the state takeover of the Philadelphia school system, Fuhrman also led Penn GSE in setting up partnerships with three low-performing schools in its West Philadelphia neighborhood, where it has been able to drive significant gains in student achievement. [18] This work convinced Fuhrman that universities in general are ideal partners for local public schools.

Teachers College

Fuhrman became the first female President of Teachers College in spring 2006, but she sounded the themes that would guide her administration the year before in a keynote speech delivered at the annual meeting of the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education.

“We cannot demonstrate that we have a sound knowledge base for teacher education, that we know how to prepare teachers well, and that our preparation is essential for good teaching,” she said. “We must take responsibility for shoring up the research base, for providing evidence about effectiveness that will enable us to assure that our practices are sound.” [19]

In an interview with the New York Times, Dr. Fuhrman said that she intended to bring some of CPRE's work on school reform and management to Teachers College, and that she hoped to expand the college's involvement with New York's public school system. [20]

Research, Practice and Policy Goals

Teachers College has hired more than 50 new tenure-track faculty members since Fuhrman's arrival, representing roughly one-third of its current faculty. An in-house seed fund has backed more than 100 cross-disciplinary faculty research projects. During that same period, TC has launched new programs in learning analytics, diabetes care and management, executive change management, creative technologies, global competence in teaching, and spirituality and psychology. And the college has seen a 30% rise in financial aid and the beginning of doctoral support efforts.

Following up on her public school outreach at Penn, Fuhrman, in one of her first acts at Teachers College, established a new Office of School and Community Partnerships to centralize the college's work in New York City. In 2011 TC created the Teachers College Community School in West Harlem, which reflects the input of TC faculty in math, science, music, psychology, nutrition, reading and writing, physical education and art. TC students serve as specialty and pre-service teachers, after-school instructors, classroom assistants and psychological counseling and literacy interns. In 2013–14, 85 percent of students at TCCS performed at or above grade level in literacy in math, and the school led its district in applications for kindergarten seats. [21]

TCCS now anchors REACH (Raising Educational Achievement Coalition of Harlem), through which TC partners with six local K-12 public to help improve educational outcomes for children.

Another top priority for Fuhrman at TC has been the expansion of the college's international alliances, particularly working together with Columbia University's Centers of Global Excellence. In 2009, Fuhrman created a new Office of International Affairs., through which TC has launched major partnerships with Jordan's Queen Rania Teacher Academy, the Khemka Foundation in India, China's Beijing University; and Pakistan's Ministry of Education. [22]

In 2011, the college created a new Department of Education Policy and Social Analysis (EPSA) as a central hub for education policy faculty who had been scattered across a range of disciplines and departments. EPSA houses four masters and doctoral programs – Economics and Education, Politics and Education, and Sociology and Education and the college's Leadership Policy and Politics program – and collaborates extensively with other units of the college. [23] The department is also home to the college's Annual Phyllis L. Kossoff Lecture on Education and Policy, which has included a debate between the two presidential nominees’ education advisers in fall 2012; a major policy address by U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan; a roundtable featuring New York State Regents Chancellor Merryl Tisch (Ed.D. ’05); and policy addresses by two New York City public school chancellors — Dennis Walcott in 2011 and Carmen Fariña in 2014.

In fall 2013, Fuhrman announced the launch of an historic $300 million campaign – “Where the Future Comes First: The Campaign for Teachers College” – the largest campaign ever undertaken for a graduate school of education. Financial support for students is the highest priority. As of April, 2015, the Campaign was just shy of the $200 million mark, including more than $48 million raised to support student scholarships and fellowships.

Faculty Controversy Leads to Increased Diversity Efforts

At the start of Fuhrman's tenure as Teachers College President in August, 2006, she faced a contentious set of issues involving Professor Madonna Constantine, who had been Chair of the Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology. When Constantine went on sabbatical in January 2006, faculty had elected Suniya S. Luthar to replace her. Luthar was told of several instances of plagiarism by Constantine, and had conveyed these to the Dean at the time, Darlyne Bailey. As Bailey left Teachers College for the University of Minnesota and Fuhrman took over as president, Fuhrman hired an external team of lawyers to investigate charges against Constantine. [24] [25] Reportedly, the investigation was handled by a law firm rather than a faculty committee because the administration feared that any missteps could open the college to litigation. [26]

After months of investigation, the law firm spoke to Constantine in August 2007 to get her version of the story. A few months later as the college was close to releasing results of the investigation, [25] a noose appeared on Constantine's office door. Someone blamed Luthar to the police and media. [24] [27] [28] Fuhrman told the New York Times that she had "heard nothing but accolades" about Professor Constantine from her students. [29] Regarding Luthar, Fuhrman told the New York Post that "the dispute between the two women...started more than a year ago. I’m not going to speculate on this investigation and its connection to this [incident]. I’d be outraged and horrified if it was connected.” [30] Several days later, Fuhrman expressed regret, in her State of the college address, that "...in an effort to protect (Professor Luthar's) privacy, and under legal advice not to comment about her in response to any questions about the incident, even when asked specifically about her -- we didn't offer her the public support she deserves". [31] [32]

In February 2008, conclusions from an 18-month investigation by the law firm were that Madonna Constantine had in fact plagiarized the work of others. [33] Reprimanded for multiple instances of plagiarism, [34] Constantine was to face unspecified sanctions at the college. [35]

In a formal grievance to the Teachers College Faculty Advisory Committee (FAC) dated March 11. 2008, Constantine indicated that she was exercising her right to appeal both the law firm's findings and the college's sanctions, and she alleged unequal treatment by President Fuhrman. The FAC conducted their own investigatory process between March and May 2008, and in a written document dated June 4, 2008, indicated that Constantine's appeal was not "substantiated." [36] In a letter dated June 12, 2008, Constantine's appointment at Teachers College was officially terminated. [36] [37]

Constantine filed a lawsuit against Teachers College in October 2008, alleging that her termination was "arbitrary, irrational, and unauthorized," [38] but the suit was "disposed". She then filed a defamation lawsuit against Teachers College in April 2009. [39] In March 2010, she lost one of three lawsuits against the college. [40] In March, 2012 — six years after concerns about plagiarism were first raised at Teachers College—the New York State Supreme Court affirmed the dismissal of Madonna Constantine's defamation lawsuits against Teachers College and others. [41]

Following these incidents, Fuhrman focused the school more intensely on improving the climate around diversity. Building on the previous work of its Office for Diversity and Community Affairs, the college instituted sensitivity training and held town hall meetings. More recently TC has introduced a new certificate program in Sexuality, Women & Gender and a concentration in bilingual, Latina/o mental health services.

Issues Regarding Bonuses and Board Membership

At a faculty meeting in May 2013, the Teachers College faculty voted to reject the college's proposed 2013-2014 budget. [42] This vote arose from the discovery, by TC's Faculty Executive Committee, that senior administrators were to receive bonuses from the college's 2011-12 budget surplus, with a total amount of $315,000 to be distributed. Of this amount, Fuhrman reportedly was to receive $90,000, and Vice President for Finance and Administration Harvey Spector was to receive $50,000. Some faculty and students voiced opposition to the proposed bonuses, especially in light of the administration's proposal to include a tuition increase of 4.5% in the budget for the 2013-14 fiscal year [42]

Soon after the May 2013 faculty meeting, a group of students wrote a letter [43] strongly criticizing President Fuhrman for her association with the for-profit company Pearson Education, and for her decision to bestow a 2013 Medal for Distinguished Services to NYS Board of Regents Chancellor Merryl Tisch who has been a proponent of standardized testing. At that time, Fuhrman serves on Pearson's board, and reportedly owned $272,088 in Pearson stock in May 2013. [42] New York State's had recently adopted Pearson's Teacher Performance Assessment in order to be considered for certification, with each teacher's assessment entailing a fee of $300 to Pearson. [44] When Merryl Tisch spoke at the 2013 graduation ceremonies, some students staged a quiet protest, holding up signs that said, “NOT A TEST SCORE.” [45]

Fuhrman's responses to these various concerns were delineated in a letter sent to the Teachers College community. [45] She noted that performance-based bonuses are common at colleges across the country and at TC, bonuses are calculated and awarded "solely by the Board of Trustees and not by the administrators"; at the same time, she indicated that during "this times of financial uncertainty", she would ask the Trustees to forgo giving bonuses to her and other senior staff. Regarding her service on the Pearson board which ended at the close of her term in 2013, Fuhrman indicated that the TC Board of Trustees had reviewed this service (which had commenced before her tenure as TC president), and believed that it was beneficial for educators' perspectives to be represented in private sector entities involved in education. Regarding the medal for Tisch, she said, "Whether one agrees with specific aspects of the chancellor’s policies, her positive impact on the lives of New Yorkers is evident in her many accomplishments in public education over the years as well as her enormous contributions in health, human services, and the arts." [45]

National Academy of Education

Fuhrman served as President of the National Academy of Education (NAEd) from 2009 to 2013, succeeding Lorrie Shepard of the University of Colorado at Boulder. She convened a national conversation in the new field of learning analytics, which seeks to mine and analyze data generated by adaptive education technologies. In a series of meetings that drew scholars and researchers from all over the world, Fuhrman sought to establish a common framework for sharing and analyzing this wealth of information, and for protecting the privacy of students and their families. [46]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ivy League</span> Athletic conference of eight elite American universities

The Ivy League is an American collegiate athletic conference, comprising eight private research universities in the Northeastern United States. The term Ivy League is typically used outside sports to refer to the eight schools as a group of elite colleges with connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism. Its members are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, Princeton University, University of Pennsylvania, and Yale University. The conference headquarters are in Princeton, New Jersey.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teachers College, Columbia University</span> Graduate school in New York City, New York, U.S.

Teachers College, Columbia University (TC) is the graduate school of education of Columbia University, a private research university in New York City. Founded in 1887, Teachers College has served as one of the official Faculties and the Department of Education of Columbia University since 1898. It is the oldest and largest graduate school of education in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M. Carey Thomas</span> American educator, suffragist, and linguist (1857–1935)

Martha Carey Thomas was an American educator, suffragist, and linguist. She was the second president of Bryn Mawr College, a women's liberal arts college in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amy Gutmann</span> American academic and diplomat (born 1949)

Amy Gutmann is an American academic and diplomat who has served as the United States Ambassador to Germany since 2022. She was previously the president of the University of Pennsylvania from 2004 to 2022, the longest-serving president in the history of the University of Pennsylvania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deborah Stipek</span> American psychologist

Deborah Stipek is the Judy Koch Professor of Education at the Stanford University Graduate School of Education (GSE) and a professor by courtesy of psychology. She also serves as the Peter E. Haas Faculty Director of the Haas Center for Public Service at Stanford. From 2001 to 2012 and then again from 2014 to 2015 she served as the I James Quillen Dean of the GSE at Stanford. Prior to Stanford she was a faculty member at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Education, where she served for 10 of her 23 years as the director of the Corinne Seeds University Elementary School and the Urban Education Studies Center. During this time, she took a year off to work for U.S. Senator Bill Bradley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Linda Darling-Hammond</span> American academic

Linda Darling-Hammond is an American academic who is the Charles E. Ducommun Professor of Education Emeritus at the Stanford Graduate School of Education. She was also the President and CEO of the Learning Policy Institute. She is author or editor of more than 25 books and more than 500 articles on education policy and practice. Her work focuses on school restructuring, teacher education, and educational equity. She was education advisor to Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign and was reportedly among candidates for United States Secretary of Education in the Obama administration.

Andrew Calvin Porter is the former Dean of the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education and also serves as Penn GSE's George and Diane Weiss Professor of Education. Porter is an educational psychologist and psychometrician who has made significant contributions to education policy and has published widely on educational assessment and accountability, teacher decisions on content and how curriculum policy effects those decisions, opportunities for students to learn and achievement indicators, measuring content and standards alignment, teacher professional development, educational research methodology, and leadership assessment. Porter's current work centers on the VAL-ED project, a research-based evaluation tool that measures the effectiveness of school leaders by providing a detailed assessment of a principal's performance funded by the US Department of Education/IES. Porter also works on two projects funded by the National Science Foundation that focus on the effects of teacher professional development on improving teaching and learning.

The University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education, commonly known as Penn GSE, is an Ivy League top-ranked educational research school in the United States. Formally established as a department in 1893 and a school at the University of Pennsylvania in 1915, Penn GSE has historically had research strengths in teaching and learning, the cultural contexts of education, language education, quantitative research methods, and practitioner inquiry. Pam Grossman is the current dean of Penn GSE; she succeeded Andrew C. Porter in 2015.

Madonna G. Constantine was an American psychology and education professor who formerly taught at Teachers College, Columbia University. She was fired in 2008 on grounds of plagiarism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maxine Greene</span> American philosopher

Sarah Maxine Greene was an American educational philosopher, author, social activist, and teacher. Described upon her death as "perhaps the most iconic and influential living figure associated with Teachers College, Columbia University", she was a pioneer for women in the field of philosophy of education, often being the sole woman presenter at educational philosophy conferences as well as being the first woman president of the Philosophy of Education Society in 1967. Additionally, she was the first woman to preside over the American Educational Research Association in 1981.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teresa P. Pica</span>

Teresa P. Pica, also known as Tere Pica, was Professor of Education at the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education, a post she held from 1983 until her death in 2011. Her areas of expertise included second language acquisition, language curriculum design, approaches to classroom practice, and classroom discourse analysis. Pica was well known for her pioneering work in task-based language learning and published widely in established international journals in the field of English as a foreign or second language and applied linguistics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Douglas E. Lynch</span>

Douglas E. Lynch is an academic administrator and education entrepreneur who has made significant contributions to education innovation and also sparked controversy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Suniya S. Luthar</span> American academic, educator, psychologist

Suniya S. Luthar was Founder and executive director of AC Groups nonprofit, Professor Emerita at Teachers College-Columbia University, and Co-founder Emerita at Authentic Connections Co. She had previously served on the faculty at Yale University's Department of Psychiatry and the Yale Child Study Center and as Foundation Professor of Psychology at the Arizona State University.

Arlene C. Ackerman was an American educator who served as superintendent of the District of Columbia Public Schools, San Francisco Unified School District, and Philadelphia Public Schools.

Shaun R. Harper is an American scholar on racial equity in the United States. He is a Provost Professor in the Rossier School of Education and the Marshall School of Business at the University of Southern California.

Susan Marie Dynarski is an American economist who is currently professor of education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. She is also a faculty research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

Erica Nicole Walker is an American mathematician and the Clifford Brewster Upton Professor of Mathematics Education at Teachers College, Columbia University, where she also serves as the Chairperson of the Department of Mathematics, Science, and Technology and as the Director of the Institute for Urban and Minority Education. Walker’s research focuses on the "social and cultural factors as well as educational policies and practices that facilitate mathematics engagement, learning and performance, especially for underserved students".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryan S. Baker</span>

Ryan S. Baker is professor of education and computer science at the University of Pennsylvania, and also directs the Penn Center for Learning Analytics. He is known for his role in establishing the educational data mining scientific community, for the Baker Rodrigo Ocumpaugh Monitoring Protocol (BROMP), and for establishing the first automated detector of student disengagement. He was awarded the Educational Research Award for 2018 by the Council of Scientific Society Presidents.

Brenda Carol Strassfeld is a mathematics educator and the chair of the Mathematics Education Program in the Graduate School of Education at Touro College. Much of her research concerns teachers’ and students’ attitudes and beliefs regarding teaching and learning mathematics, specifically geometry. Strassfeld has presented her research and worked to improve teacher education at the local, national and international level for over thirty years.

Vivian Lynette Gadsden is an American psychologist who is an education researcher at the University of Pennsylvania. Her research considers the social and cultural factors that affect learning and literacy. She is interested in intergenerational learning within African-American families.

References

  1. ↑ "Susan Fuhrman, Authority on School Reform, Next Pres. of Teachers College". www.newswise.com. Retrieved 2023-05-13.
  2. ↑ "Most Powerful Women - Susan Fuhrman". Crain's New York Business. 2018-07-20. Retrieved 2023-05-13.
  3. ↑ Faculty Profile: Professor Fuhrman, Teachers College, Columbia University, Its first president, archived from the original on 2007-06-11, retrieved 2009-10-08
  4. ↑ Steinberg, Julie (May 12, 2006), "GSE dean quits to take N.Y. post: Susan Fuhrman will be Columbia Teachers College's new leader after 11 years at Penn", Daily Pennsylvanian, archived from the original on May 14, 2007
  5. ↑ "Susan Fuhrman, Authority on School Reform, Is New Columbia Teachers College President", Columbia News, May 10, 2006
  6. ↑ Ahles, Andrea (January 18, 1995), "Rutgers prof appointed as GSE dean", Daily Pennsylvanian[ permanent dead link ]
  7. ↑ Traster, Tina (October 1, 2007), "A leader of those who teach (100 Most Influential Women)", Crain's New York Business
  8. ↑ Resmovits, Joy (October 5, 2009), "TC Professor to Lead National Academy of Education", Columbia Spectator
  9. ↑ "Pearson PLC". Companies House. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  10. 1 2 "Steady as She Goes". Teachers College, Columbia University. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  11. ↑ Saulny, Susan (2006-05-10). "Educator from Penn Will Lead Columbia's Teachers College". New York Times. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  12. ↑ "Putting Standards to the Test". Teachers College, Columbia University. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  13. 1 2 "Steady as She Goes". Teachers College, Columbia University. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  14. ↑ "Putting Standards to the Test". Teachers College, Columbia University. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  15. ↑ Fuhrman, Resnick & Shepard (10 October 2009). "Standards Aren't Enough". Education Week. Education Week. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  16. ↑ "New GSE Dean: Susan Fuhrman of Rutgers" (PDF). Penn Almanac. University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  17. ↑ "GSE Dean Fuhrman Steps Down". Penn Almanac. University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  18. 1 2 "GSE Dean Fuhrman Steps Down". Penn Almanac. Univ of PA. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  19. ↑ "Susan H. Fuhrman, Authority on School Reform, Is Next President of Teachers College, Columbia University". Teachers College, Columbia University. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  20. ↑ Saulny, Susan (2006-05-10). "Educator from Penn Will Lead Columbia's Teachers College". New York Times. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  21. ↑ Lamiell, Patricia. "A School Where Dreams Come True". Teachers College, Columbia University. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  22. ↑ "Talking Shop with Portia Williams". Teachers College, Columbia University. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  23. ↑ Lamiell, Patricia. "The Best Policy". Teachers College, Columbia University. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  24. 1 2 Rayman, Graham (2008-07-02). "Columbia's Knotty Noose Problem". Village Voice. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  25. 1 2 Archived November 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  26. ↑ Jaschik, Scott (2008-02-21). "Victim, Victimizer or Both?". Inside Higher Ed . Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  27. ↑ Archived June 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  28. ↑ "NYPD probes tapes in Columbia noose case". Usatoday.Com. 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  29. ↑ Gootman, E (October 12, 2007). "Noose Case Puts Focus on a Scholar of Race". The New York Times . Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  30. ↑ Gregorian, Dareh (2007-10-11). "Sleuths Seek To Quiz Rival In 'Smear' | New York Post". Nypost.com. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  31. ↑ "Transcript of the State of the College Address | TC Media Center". Tc.columbia.edu. 2007-10-19. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  32. ↑ "Columbia Defends Professor In Noose Incident, After Delay - The New York Sun". Nysun.com. 2007-10-23. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  33. ↑ Wileden, Lydia (2008-02-20). "TC Prof Sanctioned for Fraud". Columbiaspectator.com. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  34. ↑ "Investigation Finds That Columbia U. Professor Plagiarized Repeatedly - Faculty - The Chronicle of Higher Education". Chronicle.com. 2008-02-20. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  35. ↑ Chan, S (2008). "Professor in noose case is cited for plagiarism". The New York Times . Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  36. 1 2 "Constantine v Teachers Coll. :: 2010 :: New York Other Courts Decisions :: New York Case Law :: New York Law :: U.S. Law :: Justia". Law.justia.com. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  37. ↑ Santoro, M (June 24, 2008). "Columbia Professor in Noose Case Is Fired on Plagiarism Charges". The New York Times .
  38. ↑ Maggie Astor, "Fired Professor Madonna Constantine Sues Columbia" Archived 2008-10-15 at the Wayback Machine , Columbia Spectator, 10 October 2008
  39. ↑ Joy Resmovitz, "Constantine files TC defamation complaint", Columbia Spectator, 22 April 2009
  40. ↑ "Constantine loses first suit against Teachers College" Archived 2010-05-28 at the Wayback Machine , Columbia Spectator, 3 March 2010
  41. ↑ "Ex-Professor Loses Bid to Revive Defamation Claim", New York Law Journal, 14 March 2012
  42. 1 2 3 Reyes, Cecilia (2013-05-10). "Teachers College faculty vote not to support proposed 2013-14 budget". Columbiaspectator.com. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  43. ↑ "Teachers College Student Reply to Fuhrman". Scribd.com. 2013-06-13. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  44. ↑ Reyes, C. (June 12, 2013) In letter, Teachers College students slam TC President Susan Fuhrman letter-teachers-college-students-slam-tc-president-susan-fuhrman
  45. 1 2 3 Strauss, Valerie (2013-05-21). "Quiet protest staged at Teachers College graduation". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  46. ↑ Levine, Joseph. "Gold Rush! New Technology Mines Students Minds". Teachers College, Columbia University. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.