Svetlana Broz | |
|---|---|
 Broz in 2012 | |
| Born | 7 July 1955 |
| Nationality | Bosnian |
| Occupation | Author and physician |
| Children | 2 |
Svetlana Broz (born 7 July 1955) is a Bosnian author and physician who specializes in cardiology. She is the granddaughter of the Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito.
Svetlana Broz was born 7 July 1955 in Belgrade, the capital of Yugoslavia, the youngest child of Žarko Leon Broz (1924–1995), [1] Josip Broz Tito's eldest son, and Zlata Jelinek-Broz from Tuzla. As a teenager, Broz worked as a free-lance journalist from 1970 to 1975; many of her articles and interviews were published in newspapers and magazines. [2]
She graduated from the Belgrade Medical School in 1980 and has served as a cardiologist at the Military Medical Academy from 1981 to 1999, and volunteered her services at the outbreak of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992. Her new project is about inter-ethnic marriages entered into during the war. At the outbreak of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992 she volunteered to work as a cardiologist in the atrocity zones. Over and over again her patients told her how their survival had been possible only thanks to individuals with the courage to stand up against the ethnic violence perpetrated by members of their own ethnic group, and in January 1993 she began interviewing for the book that describes these human experiences during the Bosnian War. The book was published in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1999 with a title Dobri ljudi u vremenu zla and in 2003 in the United States under the title Good People in an Evil Time. [3]
In 2000, she moved to Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina permanently. The reason for this was, as she stated in a 2005 interview for Bosnian daily newspaper Nezavisne novine : "After the NATO intervention, I moved to Sarajevo. Twenty years ago, Belgrade was a European metropolis, a city that I loved a lot. Unfortunately, in a way that city has lost its soul. Sarajevo, despite going through a four-year-long siege of hell, kept its soul intact. I love Bosnia-Herzegovina, I feel as this is my homeland. Last year I even became a citizen."
Broz is currently heading the local branch of the Gardens of the Righteous Worldwide (GARIWO) non-governmental organization. [4] She is the founder of "Education Towards Civil Courage", a series of seminars designed to teach adolescents from all over the Balkans how to stand up to corruption and social and political divisiveness. In 2007, the organization began research and preparation for the foundation of a Center for Civil Courage in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Since 2001 Broz heads the organization GARIWO (technically a subsidiary of the Italian non-profit body Gardens of the Righteous Worldwide) with its flagship program Education on Civil Courage (She defines civil courage as „The will and ability to disobey, to resist, to oppose and to end by non-violent means the abuse of power by any public authorities, private enterprises or individuals who deliberately neglect their duties to society or illegally use the levers of their political, economic or social power to their own advantage – whether in the media or in the academic, ecclesiastical or family spheres“) designed to combat the prevailing ethnic intolerance, corruption, violence, or any type of discriminatory behavior, and to build a resilient civil society in the West Balkans by inspiring civil courage above all in the young and teaching the day-to-day skills of constructive opposition Svetlana is recognized (and correspondingly reviled and threatened) as an outstanding human rights advocate for all who are unfairly persecuted for their courage to witness against war criminals and war and post-war profiteers. When her colleague and Director of Summer School of Civil Courage, which Svetlana founded and designed, Professor Dusko Kondor was assassinated for his own moral courage on February 22. 2007, Broz launched, in Dusko’s memory, the annual Dusko Kondor Civil Courage Awards. Over the course of the 6 years of its existence, this prestigious award was given to 30 laureates. Laureates are now publicly recognized role models of civil courage. The annual ceremonies, attended last year by over a thousand young people, are well covered by local TV and other media. Coverage of such event always triggers a vigorous debate in society about civil courage, civil rights, discrimination and whole set of other social problems. Since conception of her program of Education on Civil Courage in the West Balkans she was able to deliver over 300 public lectures in 90 towns in B&H attended by over 100.000 citizens; organized 12 eight-day seminars and 7 three-day seminars attended by 450 students from 84 towns in 5 West Balkan countries; organized 10 meetings of students with ambassadors and 26 round tables, and edited 10 thirty-minute TV documentaries in a series “Good People in an Evil Time” broadcast in Serbia, B&H and Montenegro. She has also edited and published 14 books on civil courage translated from different languages. Broz is now working on screen plays and editing documentary films for a TV series called “The Best Among Us” as powerful lessons in ethics and civics for present and future generations in the West Balkans, Europe and beyond. Broz is the author of two books: Good People in an Evil Time – Portraits of Complicity and Resistance in the Bosnian War, translated by Ellen Elias-Bursać, Other Press, New York, 2003 Having What it Takes – Essays on Civil Courage, edited by Tom Butler, Gariwo Sarajevo, 2006., and of many essays published in books such as: The Iraq War and Its Consequences – Thoughts of Nobel Peace Laureates and Eminent Scholars, World Scientific, New Jersey, 2003; Peace Movements Worldwide – Peace Efforts That Work and Why, ed. By Marc Pilisuk and Michael Nagler, Praeger, Santa Barbara, CA, 2011. War and community: Collective experiences in the former Yugoslavia, D. Spini, D.Čorkalo Biruški, G. Elcheroth, Springer, 2013
Her work is internationally recognized for its educational innovation and unique approach. She has lectured at over 100 universities in the USA and Europe including at Harvard the Kennedy School of Government and the Harvard School of Public Health, Yale, Berkeley, UCLA, Stanford, Boston University, Tufts, Boston College, Wellesley, Haverford and Dartmouth, and also in London, Edinburgh, Berlin, Munich, Geneva, Lausanne, Graz, Vienna, Prague, Milan, Torino, Verona, Bologna, Rimini, Warsaw, Amsterdam, The Hague, Goteborg, Marseille, Lillehammer, Oslo, Stockholm, Barcelona and Madrid. Broz is the member of the International Board of the Tufts University 'Institute for Global Leadership, Member of the Editorial Board of the on-line Magazine Duh Bosne/Spirit of Bosnia, President of the Sarajevo City Steering Committee for the Garden of the Righteous, President of the Senate of The First Children’s Embassy in the World, Sarajevo, member of various NGOs in Sarajevo including: The Association of Independent Intellectuals CIRCLE 99, The Sarajevo International Multi-religious and Inter-cultural Center, Education Builds B&H etc. Under the leadership of Broz, her organization is providing internship opportunities for graduate students in social sciences from around the world. Broz has given over 2.000 interviews, participated in hundreds of TV and radio broadcasts and in dozens TV documentary films worldwide (Herald Tribune, New York Times, Boston Globe, NPR, The Times, The Guardian, The Independent, Le Monde, Le Figaro, La Stampa, Io Donna, RAI, El Pais, Gazeta Wyborcza, Russian RTV, Turkish TV, Mainichi Shimbun).
Broz was honored in 2011 by French President Nicolas Sarkozy with the award of the Ordre National du Merite.
She is an honorary citizen of the city of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, her mother's hometown. In 2007 Centro Educativo Italo Svizzero, in Rimini, Italy awarded her the La Bussola dell’ Educazione “Margherita Zoebeli”; in 2003 the City Government of Milan, Italy awarded her L'Ambrogino d'Oro and dedicated a tree and stone to her in the World Garden of the Righteous.
Bosnia and Herzegovina, abbreviated BiH or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country in South and Southeast Europe, located within the Balkans. Sarajevo is the capital and largest city. Bosnia and Herzegovina is bordered by Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to the north and southwest. It is not entirely landlocked; to the south it has a narrow coast on the Adriatic Sea, which is about 20 kilometres long and surrounds the town of Neum. The inland Bosnia region has a moderate continental climate, with hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In the central and eastern interior of the country the geography is mountainous, in the northwest moderately hilly, and in the northeast predominantly flatland. The smaller southern region, Herzegovina, has a Mediterranean climate and mostly mountainous topography.
Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast Europe and Central Europe for most of the 20th century. It came into existence after World War I in 1918 under the name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by the merger of the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs with the Kingdom of Serbia, and constituted the first union of the South Slavic people as a sovereign state, following centuries in which the region had been part of the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary. Peter I of Serbia was its first sovereign. The kingdom gained international recognition on 13 July 1922 at the Conference of Ambassadors in Paris. The official name of the state was changed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 3 October 1929.
Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes referred to simply as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe on the Balkan Peninsula. It has had permanent settlement since the Neolithic Age. By the early historical period it was inhabited by Illyrians and Celts. Christianity arrived in the 1st century, and by the 4th century the area became part of the Western Roman Empire. Germanic tribes invaded soon after, followed by Slavs in the 6th Century. In 1136, Béla II of Hungary invaded Bosnia and created the title "Ban of Bosnia" as an honorary title for his son Ladislaus II of Hungary. During this time, Bosnia became virtually autonomous, and was eventually proclaimed a kingdom in 1377. The Ottoman Empire followed in 1463 and lasted over 400 years. They wrought great changes to the political and administrative system, introduced land reforms, and class and religious distinctions. A series of uprisings began 1831, which culminated in the Herzegovinian rebellion, a widespread peasant uprising, in 1875. The conflict eventually forced the Ottomans to cede administration of the country to Austria-Hungary through the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. The establishment of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929 brought the redrawing of administrative regions into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia which purposely avoided all historical and ethnic lines, and removed any trace of Bosnian identity. The kingdom of Yugoslavia was conquered by Nazi forces in World War II, and Bosnia was ceded to the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), which led to widespread persecution and genocide. Three years of war began in 1992 which caused around 100,000 deaths and 2 million refugees.
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia, was a country in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from its foundation in the aftermath of World War II until its dissolution in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. Covering an area of 255,804 km2, the SFRY was bordered by the Adriatic Sea and Italy to the west, Austria and Hungary to the north, Bulgaria and Romania to the east, and Albania and Greece to the south. The nation was a socialist state and a federation governed by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia and made up of six socialist republics – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia – with Belgrade as its capital. In addition, it included two autonomous provinces within Serbia: Kosovo and Vojvodina. The SFRY's origin is traced to 26 November 1942, when the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia was formed during World War II.
The Bosnian War was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. The war is commonly seen as having started on 6 April 1992, following a number of earlier violent incidents. The war ended on 14 December 1995. The main belligerents were the forces of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and those of Herzeg-Bosnia and Republika Srpska, proto-states led and supplied by Croatia and Serbia, respectively.
Yugoslavs or Yugoslavians is a designation that was originally designed to refer to a united South Slavic people. It has been used in two connotations, the first in an ethnic or supra-ethnic connotation, and the second as a term for citizens of the former Yugoslavia. Cultural and political advocates of Yugoslav identity have historically ascribed the identity to be applicable to all people of South Slav heritage, including those of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia. Attempts at uniting Bulgaria into Yugoslavia were however unsuccessful and therefore Bulgarians were not included in the panethnic identification.
Safet Isović was a Bosnian singer who performed the Bosnian traditional music sevdalinka.
After the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was invaded by the Axis powers during World War II, all of Bosnia was ceded to the newly created Independent State of Croatia. Axis rule in Bosnia led to widespread persecution and mass-killings of native undesirables and anti-fascists. Many Serbs themselves took up arms and joined the Chetniks, a Serb nationalist and royalist resistance movement that conducted ineffective guerrilla warfare against the occupying Nazi forces. On 12 October 1941 a group of 108 notable Muslim citizens of Sarajevo signed the Resolution of Sarajevo Muslims by which they condemned the persecution of Serbs organized by Ustaše, made distinction between Muslims who participated in such persecutions and whole Muslim population, presented information about the persecutions of Muslims by Serbs and requested security for all citizens of the country, regardless of their identity.
Bosnia was the geographical mother of the partisan movement, providing ample space amongst its mountains for training and development.
Željko Kopanja was a Serbian newspaper editor and director of the newspaper Nezavisne Novine. The Christian Science Monitor described him as an equal critic of all parties without regard to ethnicity and "probably the most feared journalist in Bosnia and Herzegovina." On August 8, 2016 Željko Kopanja died from a cardiac arrest.
The history of Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina spans from the arrival of the first Bosnian Jews as a result of the Spanish Inquisition to the survival of the Bosnian Jews through the Yugoslav Wars and the Holocaust. Judaism and the Jewish community in Bosnia and Herzegovina has one of the oldest and most diverse histories in the former Yugoslav states, and is more than 500 years old, in terms of permanent settlement. Then a self-governing province of the Ottoman Empire, Bosnia was one of the few territories in Europe that welcomed Jews after their expulsion from Spain.
The European Day of the Righteous is a celebration established in 2012 by the European Parliament to commemorate those who have stood up against crimes against humanity and totalitarism with their own moral responsibility. By this celebration the concept of Righteous as worked out by Yad Vashem is broadened to all genocide cases and forms of totalitarianism thanks to the commitment of Moshe Bejski.
Goran Čengić was a Yugoslav handball player who played for RK Bosna Sarajevo, RK Mlada Bosna, RK Crvena zvezda and the Yugoslavia national handball team.
Duško Kondor was a Bosnian Serb human rights activist, a co-founder of the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and a professor of sociology and philosophy.
Josip Reihl-Kir was a Croatian police chief from Osijek during SFR Yugoslavia known for his peacemaking initiatives in the opening stages of the Croatian War of Independence. He was assassinated in 1991; the man convicted of his murder, and the murder of two assembly members, was sentenced to a total of 70 years in prison in 2008, after being extradited to Croatia from Australia.
Mustafa Golubić was a Serbian and Yugoslav guerrilla fighter, revolutionary and intelligence agent active during the Balkan Wars, World War I, the interwar period and World War II.
Silos was a concentration camp operated by the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) during the Bosnian War. Centered around a windowless grain silo, it was used to detain Bosnian Serb, and to a lesser extent Bosnian Croat, civilians between 1992 and 1996. The camp was located in the village of Tarčin, near the town of Hadžići, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of Sarajevo. Inmates were subjected to beatings, given little food and kept in unsanitary conditions. Five-hundred Bosnian Serb and ninety Bosnian Croat civilians were detained at the camp; twenty-four prisoners lost their lives.
Zoran Mandlbaum was the leader of the Jewish community in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Bosnian War. During ethnic conflict between Serbs, Bosniaks and Croats, Mandlbaum served as a liaison or go-between among the different groups. His work during the war to help civilians escape Bosnia and delivering humanitarian aid earned him the nickname "the Oskar Schindler of Bosnia".
Roza Papo (1914–1984) was a Bosnian Jewish physician and general of the Yugoslav People's Army. She was the first woman to rise to the rank of general on the Balkan Peninsula.
Turkey–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Turkey and now broken up Yugoslavia.
Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina first emerged from left-wing currents during the Herzegovina uprising against the Ottoman Empire in 1875. This movement was spearheaded by the socialist Vladimir Gaćinović and received support from Bosnian and Italian anarchists, including Errico Malatesta.
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