Symbiomycota

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Symbiomycota
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Amanita pantherina , from the Basidiomycota
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Kingdom: Fungi
Clade: Amastigomycota
Clade: Symbiomycota
Divisions

Glomeromycota
Dikarya

Symbiomycota is a clade of fungi containing both Glomeromycota and Dikarya. [1] It includes all mycorrhizal fungi except Endogone [2] [3] and the Mucoromycotina fine root endophytes, which both belong in Mucoromycota. [4]

Contents

Symbiomycota is supported by phylogenetic analyses based on ribosomal DNA and rpb2 data but not from rpb1 data. [2] [5] [1] More recent analyses using genome-scale, multilocus protein sequence data have either recovered this clade [6] or have failed to recover it, with Glomeromycota falling within Mucoromycota instead (forming Mucoromyceta). [7] [8] [9]

Etymology

The name references symbiosis due to the inclusion of most mycorrhizal fungi within this clade. [5]

Taxonomy

The following dendrogram shows the placement of Symbiomycota within the kingdom Fungi summarized from rDNA phylogenies. [10] [1]

Fungi  

References

  1. 1 2 3 Tedersoo, Leho; Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago; Kõljalg, Urmas; Bahram, Mohammad; Döring, Markus; Schigel, Dmitry; May, Tom; Ryberg, Martin; Abarenkov, Kessy (2018-05-01). "High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses". Fungal Diversity. 90 (1): 135–159. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0. hdl: 10138/238983 . ISSN   1878-9129. S2CID   21714270.
  2. 1 2 Redecker, Dirk; Raab, Philipp (2006). "Phylogeny of the Glomeromycota (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi): Recent Developments and New Gene Markers" . Mycologia. 98 (6): 885–895. doi:10.1080/15572536.2006.11832618. ISSN   0027-5514. JSTOR   20444778. PMID   17486965. S2CID   527076.
  3. ↑ Warcup, J.H. (March 1990). "Taxonomy, culture and mycorrhizal associations of some zygosporic Endogonaceae" . Mycological Research. 94 (2): 173–178. doi:10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80609-6. ISSN   0953-7562.
  4. ↑ Howard, Nathan; Pressel, Silvia; Kaye, Ryan S.; Daniell, Tim J.; Field, Katie J. (2022). "The potential role of Mucoromycotina 'fine root endophytes' in plant nitrogen nutrition". Physiologia Plantarum. 174 (3).
  5. 1 2 Tehler, Anders; Little, Damon P.; Farris, James S. (August 2003). "The full-length phylogenetic tree from 1551 ribosomal sequences of chitinous fungi, Fungi". Mycological Research. 107 (Pt 8): 901–916. doi:10.1017/s0953756203008128. ISSN   0953-7562. PMID   14531615.
  6. ↑ Galindo, Luis Javier; López-García, Purificación; Torruella, Guifré; Karpov, Sergey; Moreira, David (17 August 2021). "Phylogenomics of a new fungal phylum reveals multiple waves of reductive evolution across Holomycota". Nature Communications. 12 (1) 4973. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25308-w. PMC   8371127 .
  7. ↑ Chang, Y; Wang, S; Sekimoto, S; Aerts, AL; Choi, C; Clum, A; LaButti, KM; Lindquist, EA; Yee Ngan, C; Ohm, RA; Salamov, AA; Grigoriev, IV; Spatafora, JW; Berbee, ML (14 May 2015). "Phylogenomic Analyses Indicate that Early Fungi Evolved Digesting Cell Walls of Algal Ancestors of Land Plants". Genome Biology and Evolution. 7 (6): 1590–601. doi:10.1093/gbe/evv090. PMC   4494064 . PMID   25977457.
  8. ↑ Li Y, Steenwyk JL, Chang Y, Wang Y, James TY, Stajich JE, Spatafora JW, Groenewald M, Dunn CW, Hittinger CT, Shen X, Rokas, A (2021). "A genome-scale phylogeny of the kingdom Fungi". Current Biology . 31 (8): 1653–1665. Bibcode:2021CBio...31E1653L. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.074. PMC   8347878 . PMID   33607033.
  9. ↑ Spatafora, Joseph W.; Chang, Ying; Benny, Gerald L.; Lazarus, Katy; Smith, Matthew E.; Berbee, Mary L.; Bonito, Gregory; Corradi, Nicolas; Grigoriev, Igor; Gryganskyi, Andrii; James, Timothy Y.; O’Donnell, Kerry; Roberson, Robert W.; Taylor, Thomas N.; Uehling, Jessie (2016). "A phylum-level phylogenetic classification of zygomycete fungi based on genome-scale data". Mycologia. 108 (5): 1028–1046. doi:10.3852/16-042. ISSN   0027-5514. PMC   6078412 . PMID   27738200.
  10. ↑ Schüßler, Arthur; Schwarzott, Daniel; Walker, Christopher (December 2001). "A new fungal phylum, the Glomeromycota: phylogeny and evolution" . Mycological Research. 105 (12): 1413–1421. doi:10.1017/S0953756201005196. ISSN   1469-8102.
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