Symphony, K. 95 (Mozart)

Last updated

The Symphony in D major "No. 45", K. 95/73n, was probably written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1770 in Rome.

Contents

Structure

The symphony is scored for two oboes, two trumpets in D, and strings. In contemporary orchestras, it was also usual to include bassoons and harpsichord if they were available in the orchestra to reinforce the bass line and act as the continuo. The trumpets are silent in the second movement, in which the oboes are replaced by flutes. The duration is approximately 12 minutes.

The symphony consists of the following movements:

I. Allegro, 2
2
Symphony, K. 95 (Mozart)
II. Andante, 3
4
G major
Symphony, K. 95 (Mozart)
III. Menuetto, 3
4
Trio in D minor
Symphony, K. 95 (Mozart)
IV. Allegro, 2
4
Symphony, K. 95 (Mozart)

History

Mozart mentioned two symphonies in a letter to his sister on 25 April 1770. In his revision of the Köchel catalogue, Alfred Einstein states his opinion that these symphonies are likely to be K. 95 and K. 97, which could be "twin symphonies" due to similarities in style and structure. This view, however, is disputed by other authors, including Neal Zaslaw, as the autographs have not survived for either symphony. [1]

For two other D major symphonies from Mozart in Italy#First journey, December 1769 – March 1771Mozart's first Italian trip, K. 81 and K. 84, the authenticity is clearer. Gersthofer, based on other works definitely by Mozart from this time period, considers Mozart's authorship for K. 81, K. 84, K. 95 and K. 97 "very likely". [2]

Whether the K. 95 and K. 97 symphonies were originally planned in four movements or had the minuets added later is unclear. [1]

The Alte Mozart-Ausgabe (published 1879–1882) gives the numbering sequence 1–41 for the 41 numbered symphonies. The unnumbered symphonies (some, including K. 95, published in supplements to the Alte-Mozart Ausgabe until 1910) are sometimes given numbers in the range 42 to 56, even though they were written earlier than Mozart's Symphony No. 41 (written in 1788). The symphony K. 95 is given the number 45 in this numbering scheme.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 4 (Mozart)</span>

The Symphony No. 4 in D major, K. 19, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was composed in London during the Mozart family's Grand Tour of Europe in 1765, when Mozart was nine years old.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 8 (Mozart)</span>

The Symphony No. 8 in D major,, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is dated December 13, 1768. Mozart wrote the symphony in Vienna, when he was twelve years old, at a time when he and his family were already due to have returned home to Salzburg. In a letter to his friend in Salzburg, Lorenz Hagenauer, Leopold Mozart says of the delay that "we could not bring our affairs to a conclusion earlier, even though I endeavored strenuously to do so." The autograph of the Symphony No. 8 is today preserved in the Staatsbibliothek Preusischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 6 (Mozart)</span>

Symphony No. 6 in F major, K. 43, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1767. According to Alfred Einstein in his 1937 revision of the Köchel catalogue, the symphony was probably begun in Vienna and completed in Olomouc, a Moravian city to which the Mozart family fled to escape a Viennese smallpox epidemic; see Mozart and smallpox.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 7 (Mozart)</span> Symphony in four movements completed in 1768

Symphony No. 7 in D major, K. 45, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was completed in Vienna in January 1768 after the family's return from a visit to Olomouc and Brno in Moravia. The symphony is in four movements. Its first performance was probably at a private concert. The symphony was reworked to become the overture to Mozart's opera, La finta semplice, K. 51, composed and performed later that year, and the overture itself was subsequently adapted further to create a new symphony, known in the Köchel 1964 (K6) catalogue as K. 46a. The autograph of the score is preserved in the Berlin State Library.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 9 (Mozart)</span>

Symphony No. 9 in C major, K. 73/75a, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, has an uncertain provenance. The most likely date of its composition appears to be late 1769 or early 1770 during Mozart's first Italian journey, although some authorities have dated it "probably not before early summer 1772". It may have been started in Salzburg, before the first Italian journey began, and completed during the trip.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 12 (Mozart)</span> 1771 symphony by W. A. Mozart

Symphony No. 12 in G major, K. 110/75b, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was composed in Salzburg in the summer of 1771. The symphony was apparently prepared in anticipation of Mozart's second Italian journey, which was to take place between August and December 1771. The symphony is in four movements, the opening allegro being the longest movement that Mozart had written to that date. It is the first of a group of works "painted on a larger canvas and achieving a greater individuality than his earlier exuberant pieces".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 13 (Mozart)</span> 1771 symphony by W. A. Mozart

Symphony No. 13 in F major, K. 112, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was written in Milan during his second journey to Italy in the autumn of 1771. The symphony is in four movements, the second of which is scored for strings alone. The third movement minuet may have been written earlier, and then incorporated into the symphony—the autograph manuscript shows the minuet copied in Leopold's hand. Nicholas Kenyon describes Symphony No. 13 as the last in "conventional mode"—thereafter "we are in the beginnings of a different world."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 11 (Mozart)</span>

Symphony No. 11 in D major, K. 84/73q, was at one time considered unquestionably to be the work of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Its status has, however, been challenged, and remains uncertain. It is believed to date from 1770, and may have been written in Milan or Bologna, if it is a genuine Mozart work. An early manuscript from Vienna attributes the work to Wolfgang, but nineteenth-century copies of the score attribute it respectively to Leopold Mozart and to Carl Dittersdorf. Neal Zaslaw writes: "A comparison of the results of two stylistic analyses of the work's first movement with analyses of unquestionably genuine first movements of the period by the three composers suggests that Wolfgang is the most likely of the three to have been the composer of K73q".

The Symphony in F major "No. 42", K. 75, was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart probably around March to August 1771 in Salzburg.

The Symphony in F major "No. 43", K. 76/42a, was probably written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

The Symphony in D major "No. 48", K. 111+120, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1771. The first two movements are from the overture to the opera Ascanio in Alba, K. 111, and the last movement, K. 120/111a, was composed separately.

The Symphony in D major "No. 50", K. 161/141a, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1772. The first two movements are from the overture to the opera Il sogno di Scipione, K. 126, and the last movement, K. 163, was composed separately. Köchel gave the entire work the number K. 161.

The Symphony in D major "No. 51", K. 196+121 (207a, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1774–1775. The first two movements are from the overture to the opera La finta giardiniera, K. 196, and the last movement, K. 121/207a, was composed separately in 1775.

The Symphony in B major "No. 55", K. Anh. 214/45b, was probably written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in early 1768 in Salzburg.

The Symphony in C major "No. 46", K. 96/111b, was probably written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1771 in Milan.

The Symphony in D major "No. 47", K. 97/73m, was probably written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1770 in Rome.

The Symphony in F major "No. 56", K. 98/Anh.C 11.04, was once thought to have been written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, but today is regarded as spurious. As of 2009, it is the only one of Mozart's symphonies published in the Alte Mozart-Ausgabe that has never been recorded. It is not included in the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe.

The Symphony in D major "No. 44", K. 81/73l, may have been written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1770 in Rome, although it has sometimes also been attributed to his father Leopold Mozart. It is now also catalogued as Eisen D 14 in Cliff Eisen's catalogue of Leopold Mozart's symphonies.

The Symphony in B major "No. 54", K. Anh. 216/74g/Anh.C 11.03, may have been written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1771, in Salzburg.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony, K. 16a (Mozart)</span>

The Symphony in A minor "Odense", K. Anh. 220/16a, was formerly attributed to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. If the Odense Symphony had truly been Mozart's, it would be among only three of Mozart's symphonies to be written in a minor key. It is now considered certain that the symphony is not by Mozart.

References

  1. 1 2 Neal Zaslaw: Symphony in D major, K. 73n/95. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Early Symphonies 1764–1771. Recording of the Academy of Ancient Music, concertmaster: Jaap Schröder, continuo: Christopher Hogwood. Decca Records, London 1986.
  2. Wolfgang Gersthofer: "Sinfonien KV 16–134" in Joachim Brügge, Claudia Maria Knispel (eds.): Das Mozart-Handbuch, vol. 1: Mozarts Orchesterwerke und Konzerte. Laaber-Verlag, Laaber 2007, ISBN   3-89007-461-8, pp. 1527.