Tabakspanden

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Tabakspanden
Tabakspanden Spuistraat Amsterdam (18005497038).jpg
2015 redevelopment of Tabakspanden
Location map Netherlands Amsterdam Central.png
Red pog.svg
Amsterdam
Alternative namesKeizer
General information
StatusUnder renovation
AddressSpuistraat
CountryNetherlands
Coordinates 52°22′18″N4°53′22″E / 52.37173°N 4.88957°E / 52.37173; 4.88957 Coordinates: 52°22′18″N4°53′22″E / 52.37173°N 4.88957°E / 52.37173; 4.88957
Opened16th century
Renovated2015 onwards
Demolished2015
OwnerDe Nijs

The Tabakspanden are a group of buildings standing on the Spuistraat in central Amsterdam, adjacent to the Keizerrijk and Wijdesteeg alleyways. Named after a previous owner called Hendrik Tabak, they were mostly squatted from 1983 onwards, although Peter Klashorst also rented an apartment and gallery space. Two of the buildings are registered as rijksmonumenten (national heritage sites).

Contents

The best known building was Spuistraat 199, known as the Slangenpand (Snakehouse) because of the large mural which covered the front exterior. In 2015, the squatters were evicted and the buildings were mostly demolished prior to redevelopment. The new project is known as De Keizer and will feature 69 apartments, a restaurant and a gallery. The owner since 2016 is property developer De Nijs.

History

In the 17th century, there was a soap factory on the Wijdesteeg called De Klock. Before that, there was a brewery called Het Delftsche Wapen, also called De Witte Eenhoorn. [1] The ruins of these enterprises were discovered by archaeologists during the recent redevelopments. [2]

Spuistraat 199 was the former headquarters of the Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau, a Dutch news agency. [3]

Houses 223 and 225 on the Spuistraat are national monuments. [4] [5]

Postwar ownership

Flamingo mural 2015 Tabakspanden Spuistraat Amsterdam (18005488908).jpg
Flamingo mural 2015

The Tabakspanden are named after the speculator Hendrik Tabak, who bought the cluster of buildings after World War II. [6] At his peak, Tabak owned 118 buildings and 800 homes across Amsterdam. [7] In the 1970s, Tabak was attacked inside one of his own buildings on the Spuistraat and robbed of his wallet. He later died from his injuries. [8]

The Tabakspanden consisted of two blocks, separated by the Wijdesteeg. The first block was composed of Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 268-hs, Spuistraat 219 to 231 and Wijdesteeg 3 to 7. The second block consisted of Spuistraat 199, Spuistraat 215 and 217, Wijdesteeg 4 to 20 and Keizerrijk 3 to 11. [9] The buildings had a succession of owners from the criminal underworld before being bought by housing association De Key in 2008. [8]

The Tabakspanden were mostly squatted from 1983 onwards and all evicted in 2015. [6] The buildings were relinquished by the squatters on Saturday March 22, 2015, but on Tuesday 24, a different group of squatters reoccupied the buildings as a protest against gentrification. [10] [11] The police then mounted a major eviction operation on the Wednesday which was screened live by local media. [12]

Cultural activities

Whilst squatted, the buildings housed artists and activists. The Tabakspanden were well known for their colourful facades and graffiti, with the Slangenpand ('Snakehouse') easily identified by the snake painted across the front exterior of the building. [8]

The buildings were used for events such as art markets and film nights. [8] At one stage the artist Peter Klashorst rented an apartment and gallery space which he called Cash & Carry. [13] This was based at Spuistraat 219. [14]

199 Spuistraat

Slangenpand (snakehouse) in 2009 Slangenpand.jpg
Slangenpand (snakehouse) in 2009

During the recent redevelopments, it was determined that 199 Spuistraat was constructed in the 16th century using wood from Iceland. [15] The building was occupied on March 6, 1983, by 200 squatters while the police were busy with an Ajax Amsterdam football match. [16]

In 1990, a snake was painted on the first four metres of the building's exterior and in 1994 it grew to cover the entire building. It was painted by Patries van Elsen. The building came to be known as the Slangenpand ('Snakehouse') [17] After the 2015 eviction, the board with the snake's head painted on it was removed from the building and it was uncertain for a time what had happened to it. Van Elsen wanted it returned so it could be exhibited, whilst a group of squatters claimed to have taken it hostage. [18] De Key then announced that it had been removed by a contractor to protect it from being damaged. It was then taken to the Amsterdam Museum to be shown in the 'Urban Art' exhibition. Van Elsen commented "I continue to believe that it is a missed opportunity that Amsterdam [Council] and De Key want to destroy a breeding place and urban arts zone." [19]

Development

Redevelopment of Spuistraat 219 - 233 in 2016 Spuistraat 219 - 233 in 2016.jpg
Redevelopment of Spuistraat 219 - 233 in 2016

Housing corporation De Key bought the buildings in 2008 and had held development permits since 2014. They planned to build apartments and shops, but the plan was halted following the European debt crisis, and thus the squatters stayed longer. [20]

The redevelopment project was named De Keizer and was run by project managers De Nijs, who bought the properties from De Key in 2016. They planned to build 69 apartments, a restaurant and a gallery. The Slangenpand would be painted white. [21] Of the 69 apartments, 27 were renovated and 42 constructed, with 36 parking places. [22]

The development received a delay on April 30, 2016, when a 51 year old German man set fire to the buildings and then jumped to his death. [23] The reported price for a new apartment of 60m² was €520,000. [24] In the former Slangenpand, an apartment of 50m² could be rented for €1550 a month, not including services. [25]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Zeepziederij". Stadsarchief (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 October 2019. Aan de Wijdesteeg, bij de Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal, stond zeepziederij De Klock ... Vroeger was hier brouwerij Het Delftsche Wapen gevestigd, ook wel De Witte Eenhoorn genoemd.
  2. ↑ Gerritsen, Renzo. "Tabakspanden: einde van een tijdperk in Amsterdam door Renzo Gerritsen". RG Fotografie (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019. Archeologen vonden namelijk brouwerij ‘Het Delffse Wapen’ uit de 16e eeuw op de plek waar jarenlang de autogarages van Hendrik Tabak stonden. Het is een zeer bijzondere vondst vanwege de unieke staat waarin de resten zijn gevonden. Men wist al langer dat er op deze plek een langgerekt gebouw dwars op de Wijdesteeg stond door historische kaarten uit 1544 en 1625. Door de sloop van enkele gebouwen was het mogelijk om dit eens goed te onderzoeken. De brouwerij van IJsbrant Ben dateert van rond 1510 en werd in 1604 verkocht aan Gerrit Somer die de naam veranderde in ‘De Witte Eenhoorn’. Vier jaar later werd het verkocht aan Pieter Jacobszn Elias die daar de zeventiende eeuwse zeepfabriek van maakte genaamd ‘De Clock’.
  3. ↑ Leeuwen, Rob van (25 March 2015). "Een kleine geschiedenis van de Tabakspanden aan de Spuistraat". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019. deze maand is het 32 jaar geleden dat het voormalige ANP-kantoor op nummer 199 werd gekraakt.
  4. ↑ "5599 Spuistraat 223 1012 VN te Amsterdam". Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (in Dutch). 6 December 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  5. ↑ "5600 Spuistraat 225 1012 VN te Amsterdam". Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (in Dutch). 6 December 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  6. 1 2 "De Nijs start met nieuwbouw en renovatie Tabakspanden". Nul 20. 5 November 2015. Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019. De Tabakspanden zijn vernoemd naar Hendrik Tabak, die de panden na de oorlog kocht als belegging. De panden werden in 1983 gekraakt en op 25 maart van dit jaar ontruimd.
  7. ↑ Leeuwen, Rob van (25 March 2015). "Een kleine geschiedenis van de Tabakspanden aan de Spuistraat". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019. Op het hoogtepunt had hij in Amsterdam in totaal 118 panden en 800 woningen in zijn bezit.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "International Network on City Culture". A City Made By People. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  9. ↑ Various (2009). Witboek Kraken (in Dutch). Papieren Tijger. p. 37. ISBN   9789067282284.
  10. ↑ "Eviction of Amsterdam squatters turns violent". Al Jazeera English. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  11. ↑ "De Slang is HERKRAAKT, ME in Spuistraat. NU KOMEN! (A'dam)". Indymedia.nl (in Dutch). 19 January 2012. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  12. ↑ "SAMENVATTING: Ontruimingen Spuistraat: 19 krakers aangehouden". AT5 (in Dutch). 25 March 2019. Archived from the original on 28 March 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  13. ↑ Leeuwen, Rob van (25 March 2015). "Een kleine geschiedenis van de Tabakspanden aan de Spuistraat". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019. In de panden woonden door de jaren heen niet alleen krakers. Zo huurde kunstenaar Peter Klashorst er een woonruimte en heeft hij er zijn galerie Cash & Carry zitten.
  14. ↑ Gerritsen, Renzo. "Tabakspanden: einde van een tijdperk in Amsterdam door Renzo Gerritsen". RG Fotografie (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019. Niet alleen in de gekraakte panden, maar ook in de verhuurde panden woonden en werkten kunstenaars, onder wie Peter Klashorst. die zijn galerie op Spuistraat 219 had.
  15. ↑ Gerritsen, Renzo. "Tabakspanden: einde van een tijdperk in Amsterdam door Renzo Gerritsen". RG Fotografie (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019. In het Slangenpand hebben ze aan de hand van houtboringen vastgesteld dat het hout in het Slangenpand uit de 16e eeuw afkomstig is en dat het hout uit IJsland komt. Dat klinkt vreemd, maar al in 1300 kwam veel van het hout uit Zweden en Noorwegen.
  16. ↑ Leeuwen, Rob van (25 March 2015). "Een kleine geschiedenis van de Tabakspanden aan de Spuistraat". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019. Op zondag 6 maart van dat jaar kraken zo'n 200 man het pand op de Spuistraat 199, terwijl elders in de stad de wedstrijd Ajax - PSV plaatsvindt in het Olympisch Stadion.
  17. ↑ Gerritsen, Renzo. "Tabakspanden: einde van een tijdperk in Amsterdam door Renzo Gerritsen". RG Fotografie (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019. In 1990 werd er een slang geschilderd op de onderste vier meter van het pand. Later, in 1994 is de slang over de gehele gevel van het pand aan de Spuistraat getekend. Zo werd de naam Slangenpand geboren.
  18. ↑ "Kop van Slangenpand gevonden". AT5 (in Dutch). 7 April 2015. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2019. Kunstenares Patries van Elsen was eerder niet te spreken over het verdwijnen van de slangenkop. Ze wil de kop graag terughebben zodat deze tentoongesteld kan worden. Een groep krakers claimde dit weekend nog de slangenkop 'gegijzeld' te hebben.
  19. ↑ "Voor hetzelfde geld was hij in de sloop meegegaan". AT5 (in Dutch). 8 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2019. Woningcorporatie De Key maakte gisteren bekend dat de schildering door de aannemer uit voorzorg van het pand was gehaald. 'Ik blijf het een gemiste kans van Amsterdam en De Key vinden dat ze een broedplaats, zo'n urban arts-hoek, nu eigenlijk weghalen', zegt kunstenares Patries van Elsen. Het museum gaat de veelbesproken kop tentoonstellen. In deze Urban Art tentoonstelling is graffiti uit New York en Amsterdam te zien.
  20. ↑ Leeuwen, Rob van (25 March 2015). "Een kleine geschiedenis van de Tabakspanden aan de Spuistraat". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019. Het idee van De Key was om geen hotel, zoals de vorige eigenaren, maar appartementen, winkels, horeca en parkeerplaatsen te ontwikkelen in de verschillende panden. 'Of deze plannen ook daadwerkelijk uitgevoerd worden, ligt aan wat de huidige bewoners van de panden willen', vertelde een woordvoerder van de Key toen tegen Het Parool. Door de crisis kwam de ontwikkeling de laatste jaren stil te liggen, terwijl krakers de panden bleven beheren.
  21. ↑ Tienkamp, Priscilla (10 May 2016). "Paar maanden extra werk aan panden Wijdesteeg na brand". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2019. Maandag begon het bedrijf met de eerste sloopwerkzaamheden na de brand. Ondanks het extra werk denkt De Nijs dat de 'overall planning' nog steeds haalbaar is. Dat zou betekenen dat project De Keizer in maart 2017 afgerond en opgeleverd kan gaan worden [...] In de panden worden 69 koopappartementen, een galerieruimte en een restaurant gerealiseerd. Het zogenoemde Slangenpand wordt min of meer in de oude staat teruggebracht, maar de eens zo kleurrijke gevel wordt helderwit.
  22. ↑ "De Keizer Amsterdam". De Nijs. Archived from the original on 18 October 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  23. ↑ Tienkamp, Priscilla (10 May 2016). "Paar maanden extra werk aan panden Wijdesteeg na brand". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2019. De korte maar felle brand die op 30 april woedde, is hoogstwaarschijnlijk aangestoken door een 51-jarige Duitse man. Tijdens het blussen van de brand stond hij op een steiger van het nabijgelegen Slangenpand, dat ook deel uitmaakt van het bouwproject. De man oogde verward; hij zwaaide met een tablet, gooide spullen naar beneden en brak de steiger deels af. Een arrestatieteam was hem buiten zijn zicht dicht genaderd, maar kon niet ongezien op tijd zo dichtbij komen dat hij te overmeesteren was. De man sprong en overleed.
  24. ↑ "Amsterdam squats". What's up with Amsterdam. 6 July 2011. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  25. ↑ Obdeijn, Laura (25 January 2018). "Huurwoning Slangenpand nu 'bij voorkeur voor expats'". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2019. Nu staat sinds ongeveer twee weken één van die woningen te huur aangeboden: 50 aangeharkte vierkante meter voor 1550 euro per maand, exclusief.
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