| Tadvi Bhil | |
|---|---|
| Languages | Marathi and Bhili |
| Populated states | Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh |
| Subdivisions | 12 main clans |
The Tadvi Bhil is a tribal community found in the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan in India. They are from the larger Bhil ethnic group, and are a clan of it. They use the surname Tadvi or sometimes the name of their Kul or Gan; the Dhankas of Gujarat and Maharashtra use Tadvi or Tetariya. [1]
The Tadvi Bhil inhabit an area which roughly covers the border areas of the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. This territory forms the core of the Faruqi kingdom, a medieval state in central India. In the Western part of this area, Tadvis and Vasavas are mainly Hindu but some Christian missionary activities are seen in this region. [2] A close association between the Bhil of this region, and the Faruqi state led to the conversion of some of them to Islam. The dance that they perform on various occasions is known as Timli or Sajoni, or commonly known as tribal dance.[ citation needed ]
The Tadvi speak a dialect of their own, also known as Tadvi, but many are switching to Marathi. Their language is also Dhanka and Bhilori, which belongs to the Bhil group. They inhabit villages which are largely Tadvi. The community consist mainly of small cultivators. Like the wider Bhil community, they currently practise gotra exogamy, and are endogamous. [3]
As of 2001 [update] , the Tadvi Bhil of Rajasthan were classified as a Scheduled Tribe under the Indian government's reservation program of positive discrimination. [4]
The Tadvi Bhil tribe and the Tadvi tribe are two distinct tribes. [5] Tadvi Bhil are part of the Bhil ethnic group whereas the Tadvi tribe is not Bhil[ citation needed ], but a sub-tribe of the Dhanka ethnic group. Dhanka, once itself under the Bhil, separated nearly 900 years ago.[ citation needed ]
Anthropologist Megan Moodie says about Dhanka history that what does exist "tend[s] to be brief and stress their 'insignificance' and lowness". She notes that they are a sub-tribe of the Bhil people, and that they are today found throughout much of western India. [6] Dhanka has 3 major sub-tribes; Tadvi, Tetaria and Valvi. Their occupations have changed over time, as circumstances have dictated. In the State of Maharashtra, the Tadvi tribe is mentioned at serial No.13 whereas the Tadvi Bhil is placed at serial no. 8 in List of Scheduled Tribes in Maharashtra [7] in accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act 1976 (Act No.108 of 1976). [8] In the state of Gujarat, the Tadvi tribe is placed at serial No. 8 and the Tadvi Bhil at Serial No. 4 in List of Scheduled Tribes in Gujarat [9] in accordance with Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act,1976. [10] They speak Tadvi Boli Bhasha[ citation needed ], unlike the Tadvi Bhil, who speak Bhilori. Both the tribes have a significant presence in the Dhule, Nandurbar and Jalgaon districts of Maharashtra State. Many Tadvi tribals migrated around the Marathwada region[ citation needed ] around 100–150 years ago, but Tadvi Bhil are found at the border of the Aurangabad and Jalgaon districts of Maharashtra state. The traditions of both tribes are similar but some differences exist[ dubious – discuss ]. [11]
Bhil or Bheel refer to various indigenous groups inhabiting western India, including parts of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh and are also found in distant places such as Bengal and Tripura. They speak various languages of Indo-Aryan origin, owing to language shift, collectively referred to as the Bhil languages. Bhils are divided into a number of endogamous territorial divisions, which in turn have a number of clans and lineages.
Bhili, IPA:[bʱiːliː], is a Western Indo-Aryan language spoken in west-central India, in the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh. Other names for the language include Bhagoria and Bhilboli; several varieties are called Garasia. Bhili is a member of the Bhil languages, which are related to Gujarati and Rajasthani. The language is written using the Devanagari script.
Nandurbar district is an administrative district in the northwest corner of Maharashtra state in India. On 1 July 1998 Dhule was bifurcated as two separate districts now known as Dhule and Nandurbar. Nandurbar is a tribal-dominated district, The district headquarters are located at Nandurbar city. The district occupies an area of 5,955 square kilometres (2,299 sq mi) and has a population of 1,648,295 of which 16.71% were urban.
The Bhil languages are a group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken by around 10.4 million Bhils in western and central India as of 2011. They constitute the primary languages of the southern Aravalli Range in Rajasthan and the western Satpura Range in Madhya Pradesh, northwestern Maharashtra, and southern Gujarat. According to the 52nd report of the commissioner for linguistic minorities in India, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Bhili is the most commonly spoken language of the district of Dadra and Nagar Haveli constituting 40.42% of its total population. Bhili speakers are also significant in the states of Gujarat (4.75%), Madhya Pradesh (4.93%) and Rajasthan (4.60%).
The Cosmos Co-operative Bank Ltd., established in 1906, is one of the oldest Urban Co-operative Banks in India. Cosmos Bank celebrated its centenary on 18 January 2006. It is one of the first co-operative banks in the country to implement Core Banking System (CBS) across the entire network of its then 140 service outlets using Finacle-Infosys Core Banking Software. It also received an authorized dealer (AD) license from the Reserve Bank of India to become the third co-operative bank in India to have such a license in thirty years.
PARDHI is a Hindu tribe in India. The tribe is found mostly in Maharashtra and parts of Madhya Pradesh however small numbers can be found in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. The word Pardhi is derived from the Marathi word ‘Paradh’ which means hunting and Sanskrit word ‘papardhi’ which means hunting or the game to be hunted. In some parts of India Pardhis are known as Meywarees. They also have various other names like Advichincher, Phans Pardhi, Phanse Pardhi, Langoli Pardhi, Bahelia, Bahellia, Chita Pardhi, Shikari, Takankar, Takia Pardhi. Pardhi tribe is divided in groups like Vaghri Pardhi and Phase Pardhi. These are further divided into subgroups like Pal Pardhi, Gav Pardhi, Takankar, Takari. Widely found surnames among them include Chauhan (Chavan), Rathod and Solanki.
India's tribal belt refers to contiguous areas of settlement of tribal people of India, that is, groups or tribes that remained genetically homogenous as opposed to other population groups that mixed widely within the Indian subcontinent. The tribal population in India, although a small minority, represents an enormous diversity of groups. They vary in language and linguistic traits, ecological settings in which they live, physical features, size of the population, the extent of acculturation, dominant modes of making a livelihood, level of development and social stratification. They are also spread over the length and breadth of the country though their geographical distribution is far from uniform. A majority of the Scheduled Tribe population is concentrated in the eastern, central and western belt covering the nine States of Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal. About 12 percent inhabit the North-eastern region, about five percent in the Southern region and about three percent in the Northern States.
The Dhanka or Dhanak is a Clans or caste of India who believe themselves to be Marathi, they assert their ancestor (Maratha) came from Maharashtra In The battle of 1761 was fought at Panipat between Ahmed Shah Abdali and the Marathas. The archer army of Marathas there is called Dhanak today. The Dhanak caste is a Kshatriya community. They are found in Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh they are no relation with dhanuk kurmi. They are historically Hindu and their occupations have changed over time, as circumstances have dictated for survival. Although similar groups in India are often referred to as adivasi, the Dhanka generally reject this term.
The Rathva or Rathwa is a Subcaste of the Koli caste found in the Indian state of Gujarat. Rathava Kolis were agriculturist by profession and turbulent by habits but now lives like Adivasis such as Bhil because of their neighborhood
Gowari is an Indian caste of cattleman or herdsmen, predominantly residing in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh.
The Barda are a tribal community found in the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra in India. They have scheduled tribe status. The community is also known as Adivasi or Khandeshi Bhil.
Chaukalshi is an ethnic community of Maharashtra and Goa.
The Koli are an agriculturist caste of India, mostly found in Gujarat. At the beginning of 20th century, the Koli caste was recognised as a criminal tribe under Criminal Tribes Act by British Indian government because of their anti-social activities but during the World War I, Kolis were recognised as a Martial caste by British Indian Empire. Kolis of Gujarat were well-known pirates of Arabian Sea.
The Provisions of the Panchayats Act, 1996 abbreviated as PESA Act is a law enacted by the Government of India for ensuring self governance through traditional Gram Sabhas for people living in the Scheduled Areas of India. Scheduled Areas are areas identified by the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India. Scheduled Areas are found in ten states of India which have predominant population of tribal communities. The Scheduled Areas, were not covered by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment or Panchayati Raj Act of the Indian Constitution as provided in the Part IX of the Constitution. PESA was enacted on 24 December 1996 to extend the provisions of Part IX of the Constitution to Scheduled Areas, with certain exceptions and modifications. PESA sought to enable the Panchayats at appropriate levels and Gram Sabhas to implement a system of self-governance with respect to a number of issues such as customary resources, minor forest produce, minor minerals, minor water bodies, selection of beneficiaries, sanction of projects, and control over local institutions. PESA is an Act to provide for the extension of the provisions of Part IX of the Constitution relating to the Panchayats and the Scheduled Areas. PESA was viewed as a positive development for tribal communities in Scheduled Areas who had earlier suffered tremendously from engagement with modern development processes and from the operation of both colonial laws and statutes made in independent India. The loss of access to forest land, and other community resources had increased their vulnerability. Rampant land acquisition and displacement due to development projects had led to largescale distress in tribal communities living in Scheduled Areas. PESA was seen as a panacea for many of these vulnerabilities and sought to introduce a new paradigm of development where the tribal communities in such Scheduled Areas were to decide by themselves the pace and priorities of their development.
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The Payal Tadvi or Payal Salim Tadvi suicide case is an ongoing criminal case in the Maharashtra state of India. Payal allegedly committed suicide on May 22, 2019, after facing harassment by three of her seniors at Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Hospital. A case has since been brought against three of her former colleagues due to claims of harassment relating to Payal's caste status.
Media related to Tadvi Bhil at Wikimedia Commons