Teneu

Last updated

Saint

Teneu
Traprain Law 4.jpg
Traprain Law: the cliff from which Teneu was thrown
Born Traprain Law, Lothian (alleged)
Died6th or 7th century
Venerated in Eastern Orthodox Church; Roman Catholic Church; Anglican Communion [ citation needed ]
Canonized Pre-Congregation
Feast 18 July
Patronage Glasgow, Scotland

Teneu (or Thenew (Latin : Theneva), Tannoch, Thaney, Thanea, Denw, etc.) is a legendary Christian saint who was venerated in medieval Glasgow, Scotland. Traditionally she was a sixth-century Brittonic princess of the ancient kingdom of Gododdin (in what became Lothian) and the mother of Saint Mungo, apostle to the Britons of Strathclyde and founder of the city of Glas Ghu (Glasgow). She and her son are regarded as the city's co-patrons, and Glasgow's St Enoch Square allegedly marks the site of a medieval chapel dedicated to her, built on or near her grave ("St. Enoch" is in fact a corruption of "St. Teneu"). [1] She is commemorated annually on 18 July.

Contents

Name

In the first recorded hagiography of her son, her name is given as Thaney. [2] The Vita Kentigerni ("Life of Saint Mungo"), [3] which was commissioned by Bishop Jocelin of Glasgow and redacted later (circa 1185) by the monk Jocelyn of Furness (who claimed he rewrote it from an earlier Glasgow legend and an old Gaelic document), gives her name as Taneu; so does John Capgrave, printed 1516. [2] Variants include Thenewe, given by the Aberdeen Breviary ; Thennow of Adam King's Calendar; and the Welsh Bonedd y Saint calls her Denyw (or Dwynwen). [2] In 1521, she appeared in John Mair's chronicle Historia Majoris Britanniae as Thametes, daughter of King Lot and sister of Gawain. [4] Sometimes her name is given as Thameta or Thenelis.

Alex Woolf has suggested that the character Teneu may have been derived from Danaë, mother of the classical hero Perseus in the Fabulae of Gaius Julius Hyginius. [5]

Legend

Saint Teneu has been described as "Scotland's first recorded rape victim, battered woman and unmarried mother". [2] Her son was conceived when the Welsh prince Owain mab Urien raped her. Owain was disguised as a woman, and after sexually assaulting the naïve princess, he confused her by saying: "Weep not, my sister, for I have not known thee as a man is used to know a virgin. Am I not a woman like thyself?" [6] Upon discovering her pregnancy, her angry father King Lleuddun sentenced her to death and she was hurled from Traprain Law. Miraculously she survived the fall; when discovered alive at the foot of the cliff, Teneu was set adrift in a coracle and travelled across the Firth of Forth to Culross, where she was given shelter at the community of Saint Serf. There she gave birth to and raised her son Kentigern, whom Serf nicknamed Mungo, "very dear one".

There are also Welsh legends about Teneu:

The cult which grew around St Thenew in Glasgow also developed in Wales where it was held that she had other sons by her marriage to the northern Prince Dingad, son of Nudd. The earliest surviving reference to her is in fact in the Life of St Winifred (c. 1140), in which Winifred, went to St Eleri for instruction. St Eleri put Winifred in the care of his mother "Theonia" whom Winifred eventually succeeded as abbess of Gwytherin (Clwyd). Kentigern was also a cult figure in Clwyd. [7]

Modern adaptations

She is the subject of Kathleen Herbert's historical novel, Bride of the Spear, part of her Dark Ages of Britain trilogy, [8] [9] [10] as Taniu, (1982, St Martin's Press), and of Nigel Tranter's historical novel Druid Sacrifice (1993, Hodder & Stoughton), as Thanea.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saint Mungo</span> Apostle of the British Kingdom of Strathclyde

Kentigern, known as Mungo, was a missionary in the Brittonic Kingdom of Strathclyde in the late sixth century, and the founder and patron saint of the city of Glasgow.

Owain mab Urien was the son of Urien, king of Rheged c. 590, and fought with his father against the Angles of Bernicia. The historical figure of Owain became incorporated into the Arthurian cycle of legends where he is also known as Ywain, Yvain, Ewain or Uwain. In his legendary guise he is the main character in Chrétien de Troyes's Yvain, the Knight of the Lion and the Welsh Romance Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain, which corresponds to Chrétien's poem.

Saint Serf or Serbán (Servanus) is a saint of Scotland. Serf was venerated in western Fife. He is called the apostle of Orkney, with less historical plausibility. Saint Serf is connected with Saint Mungo's Church near Simonburn, Northumberland. His feast day is 1 July.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Culross</span> Human settlement in Scotland

Culross (/ˈkurəs/) is a village and former royal burgh, and parish, in Fife, Scotland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">King Lot</span> Legendary Arthurian king

King Lot, also spelled Loth or Lott, is a British monarch in Arthurian legend. He was introduced in Geoffrey of Monmouth's influential chronicle Historia Regum Britanniae that portrayed him as King Arthur's brother-in-law and under-king, who serves as regent of Britain during the time between the reigns of Uther and Arthur. In the wake of Geoffrey, Lot has appeared regularly in the works of chivalric romance, alternating between the roles of Arthur's enemy and ally. He chiefly figures as ruler of the northern realm of Lothian and sometimes Norway; in other texts he rules Great Britain's northernmost Orkney isles. He is generally depicted as the husband of Arthur's sister or half-sister, often known as Anna or Morgause. The names and number of their children vary depending on the source, but the later romance tradition has given him the sons Gawain, Agravain, Gaheris, Gareth, and Mordred. Lot's literary character is likely connected to the hagiographical material concerning Saint Kentigern, which feature Leudonus as king of Leudonia and father of Saint Teneu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saint Winifred</span> Welsh Christian martyr

Saint Winifred was a Welsh virgin martyr of the 7th century. Her story was celebrated as early as the 8th century, but became popular in England in the 12th, when her hagiography was first written down.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Traprain Law</span>

Traprain Law is a hill 6 km (4 mi) east of Haddington, East Lothian, Scotland. It is the site of a hill fort or possibly oppidum, which covered at its maximum extent about 16 ha. It is the site of the Traprain Law Treasure, the largest Roman silver hoard from anywhere outside the Roman Empire which included exquisite silver artefacts.

Yvain, the Knight of the Lion is an Arthurian romance by French poet Chrétien de Troyes. It was written c. 1180 simultaneously with Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart, and includes several references to the narrative of that poem. It is a story of knight-errantry, in which the protagonist Yvain is first rejected by his lady for breaking a very important promise, and subsequently performs a number of heroic deeds in order to regain her favour. The poem has been adapted into several other medieval works, including Iwein and Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain.

The Three Welsh Romances are three Middle Welsh tales associated with the Mabinogion. They are versions of Arthurian tales that also appear in the work of Chrétien de Troyes. Critics have debated whether the Welsh Romances are based on Chrétien's poems or if they derive from a shared original. The Romances survive in the White Book of Rhydderch and the Red Book of Hergest, both from the 14th century, though the material is at least as old as Chrétien.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saint Asaph</span> Welsh bishop and saint

Saint Asaph was, in the second half of the 6th century, the first Bishop of St Asaph, i.e. bishop of the diocese of Saint Asaph.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arthuret</span>

Arthuret is a civil parish in the Carlisle district of Cumbria, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,434, increasing to 2,471 at the 2011 Census. The parish includes the town of Longtown and the village of Easton. It is bounded by the River Esk to the west and the River Lyne to the south.

John Trevor, or John Trevaur, was Bishop of St. Asaph in Wales before becoming nominal Bishop of St Andrews in Scotland. His original name was Ieuan, which he later anglicised to John and took on the surname Trevor. Trevor's brother Adda was married to the sister of Owain Glyndŵr, who appointed him as an ambassador to the French court.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Mungo's Academy</span> Comprehensive secondary school in Glasgow, Scotland

St Mungo's Academy is a Roman Catholic, co-educational, comprehensive, secondary school located in Gallowgate, Glasgow. The school was founded in 1858 by the Marist Brothers religious order.

Gillemachoi was a serf quitclaimed by King William the Lion to Jocelin, Bishop of Glasgow. His name means "lad or servant of Saint Mungo". In a charter issued at Selkirk at some point between 1175 and 1190, King William acknowledges the full ownership of "Gillemachoi de Conglud" and all his relatives and dependents to the "church of St Kentigern of Glasgow". It is not clear why Jocelin sought confirmation of ownership, since the bishopric had possessed the land of "Conglud", that is, Kinclaith since the reign of King Malcolm IV.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Glasgow</span> Roman Catholic archdiocese in Scotland

The Archdiocese of Glasgow is the metropolitan see of the Province of Glasgow in the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland. The episcopal seat of the developing diocese was established by Saint Kentigern in the 6th century AD. It is one of two Latin Church metropolitan archdioceses of the Roman Catholic Church: the only archdioceses in Scotland. It is the elder of the two bishoprics. Innocent VIII first raised Glasgow a metropolitan archbishopric in 1492. The Metropolis has the dioceses of Motherwell and Paisley as suffragans within the Ecclesiastical Province.

Sir Owen Watkin Williams-Wynn, 10th Baronet, CBE, KStJ, was a Welsh soldier and landowner. He was Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire from 1966 to 1974, then Lord Lieutenant of Clwyd from 1976 to 1979.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coat of arms of Glasgow</span> Coat of arms of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom

The Coat of arms of Glasgow is the official emblem of the City of Glasgow and has been in use in various forms since 1866.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Patron saints of the Hen Ogledd</span>

This is a list of saints associated with the kingdoms of the Hen Ogledd, including Elmet, Rheged, Gododin, Manaw, Lleuddiniawn and Ystrad Clud.

William Taylor (1748–1825) was a minister of the Church of Scotland who served as Moderator of the General Assembly in 1806. He was Chaplain in Ordinary to both King George III and King George IV in Scotland.

References

  1. The Glasgow Story: "St. Enoch's Church". Retrieved 15 April 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Durkan, J. (2000). "What's in a Name? Thaney or Enoch". Innes Review. 51: 80–00. doi:10.3366/inr.2000.51.1.80.
  3. The Vita Kentigerni
  4. Bruce, Christopher. Entry "Thametes". The Arthurian Name Dictionary.
  5. Woolf, Alex (2022), "A Classical Source for the story of the birth of Saint Kentigern", in The Pictish Arts Society Newsletter 104, Summer 2022, pp. 6 - 8
  6. Schulenburg, Jane Tibbetts. Forgetful of Their Sex: Female Sanctity and Society, ca. 500-1100. Harvard University Press, 1998, p. 226.
  7. Woolf, Alex. "The Glasgow Story: Saint Thenew". Retrieved 15 April 2012.
  8. "Bride of the Spear by Kathleen Herbert".
  9. "Bride of the Spear, by Kathleen Herbert - coming in June 2013".
  10. "Interview with Kathleen Herbert | Robbins Library Digital Projects".