This article needs additional citations for verification .(December 2008) |
Tenth Army | |
---|---|
Active | 1942–1943 |
Country | United Kingdom |
Branch | British Army |
Type | Field army |
Part of | Middle East Command Persia and Iraq Command |
Engagements | Second World War |
The Tenth Army was a field army of the British Army during the Second World War. It was created in Iraq and formed from the major part of "Paiforce" (Persia and Iraq Force). It was active between 1942 and 1943, and was then disbanded.
In April 1941, British and Indian troops had been deployed to Iraq from India under the command of Lieutenant-General Edward Quinan to protect British interests, in particular oil concessions, after a coup d'etat had brought to power a government sympathetic to the Axis powers. The force was known as Iraqforce and was engaged in the Anglo-Iraqi War which took place in May, and also took part in the defeat of the Vichy forces in the subsequent Syria-Lebanon campaign. Later in 1941, the force took part in the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran to prevent the Axis elements from entering Persia, and preventing the possibility of the Germans gaining control of the Iraqi and Persian oil fields. Following this Iraqforce was renamed Paiforce (Persia and Iraq force).
After the campaigns of 1941, Quinan's headquarters was renamed Tenth Army and its main task was the maintenance of the lines of communication to the Soviet Union from the Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea and the protection of the South Persian and Iraqi oilfields. Its badge was a golden Lamassu (Assyrian Ox) with human head and eagle's wings (a Cherub Guardian). A variation of colouring of this badge was a white Ox on a pale blue background. Quinan was knighted in June 1942 and in August 1942, he was promoted to be a full general. [1] [2] The Tenth Army was initially part of Middle East Command but became part of Persia and Iraq Command when it was established in September 1942.
III Corps was an army corps of the British Army formed in both the First World War and the Second World War.
General Sir Edward Pellew Quinan was a British Army commander during the Second World War. In the early part of his career, he was involved in Indian Army campaigns in Afghanistan and Waziristan on the North West Frontier of the Indian Empire, in the days of the British Raj. During the First World War he served with the Indian Army forces in France and Mesopotamia, and was wounded. During the Second World War, Quinan commanded the British and Indian Army forces in the Anglo-Iraqi War, the Syria–Lebanon campaign, and the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran. He continued serving in the Middle East until 1943, when he returned to India to command the North West Army, but retired later the same year due to a downgrading of his fitness status.
The Anglo-Iraqi War was a British-led Allied military campaign during the Second World War against the Kingdom of Iraq, then ruled by Rashid Gaylani who had seized power in the 1941 Iraqi coup d'état with assistance from Germany and Italy. The campaign resulted in the downfall of Gaylani's government, the re-occupation of Iraq by the British, and the return to power of the Regent of Iraq, Prince 'Abd al-Ilah, a British ally.
The 8th Mountain Division was raised as the 7th Indian Infantry division of the British Indian Army. It is now part of the Indian Army and specialises in mountain warfare.
Iraqforce was a British and Commonwealth formation that came together in the Kingdom of Iraq. The formation fought in the Middle East during World War II.
The Persia and Iraq Command was a command of the British Army established during the Second World War in September 1942 in Baghdad. Its primary role was to secure from land and air attack the oilfields and oil installations in Persia and Iraq. Its further role was to ensure the transport of supplies from Persian Gulf ports through Iraq and Persia to the Soviet Union.
General Sir Ashton Gerard Oswald Mosley Mayne, was a senior British Indian Army officer active in both the First World War and Second World War, where he commanded Eastern Command, India.
Lieutenant General Sir Harold Rawdon Briggs, was a senior British Indian Army officer, active during the First World War, Second World War and the Malayan Emergency.
Major General William Archibald Kenneth Fraser, was an officer in the British Indian Army during the First and Second World Wars.
Major-General Alan Bruce Blaxland, was a senior British Indian Army officer during the Second World War.
Donald Powell Distinguished Service Order was an officer in the British Indian Army during World War I and World War II
Brigadier Ronald Gervase Mountain was an officer in the British Indian Army during World War I and World War II.
Brigadier Charles Wilbraham Watson Ford (1896-1972) was a senior officer in the British Indian Army during World War II. He was educated at Cheltenham College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He was commissioned a Second Lieutenant and appointed to the Unattached List for appointment to the Indian Army on 16 December 1914. Ford was appointed to the 35th Sikhs on 11 February 1915.
Brigadier Charles Joseph Weld was an officer in the British Indian Army during World War I, the interwar years and World War II.
Rupert Gordon Lochner was an officer in the British Army.
General Roger Eustace Le Fleming was an officer in the British Indian Army during World War I and World War II. He was born at Tonbridge in Kent in 1895, the second son of John and Ethel Le Fleming. Le Fleming was educated at Tonbridge School, where his father was an Army tutor, and joined Royal Military College, Sandhurst in September 1913.
Major-General John Aldam Aizlewood was a senior officer of the British Army who served during World War I, the interwar years, and World War II.
Major General Horatio Pettus Mackintosh Berney-Ficklin, was a British Army officer who served in both the First and Second World Wars. During the latter, he commanded for just over three years – from July 1940 until August 1943 – the 5th Infantry Division, the most widely travelled division of the British Army during the Second World War.
Major-General Eric Grant Miles CB DSO MC was a senior British Army officer who saw active service during both World War I and World War II, where he commanded the 126th Infantry Brigade in the Battle of France and the 56th (London) Infantry Division in the final stages of the campaign in Tunisia.
Major-General Robert Harley Wordsworth CB, CBE was an Australian Army and British Indian Army officer and an Australian politician.