A peace process is the set of sociopolitical negotiations,agreements and actions that aim to solve a specific armed conflict.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (S/RES/1325),on women,peace,and security,was adopted unanimously by the UN Security Council on 31 October 2000,after recalling resolutions 1261 (1999),1265 (1999),1296 (2000),and 1314 (2000). The resolution acknowledged the disproportionate and unique impact of armed conflict on women and girls. It calls for the adoption of a gender perspective to consider the special needs of women and girls during conflict,repatriation and resettlement,rehabilitation,reintegration,and post-conflict reconstruction.
The concepts of security sector governance and reform generally refer to a process in Western-based international development and democratization to amend the security sector of a state towards good governance and its principles,such as freedom of information and the rule of law.
The OSCE Minsk Group was created in 1992 by the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE),now Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE),to encourage a peaceful,negotiated resolution to the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh.
Peacebuilding is an activity that aims to resolve injustice in nonviolent ways and to transform the cultural and structural conditions that generate deadly or destructive conflict. It revolves around developing constructive personal,group,and political relationships across ethnic,religious,class,national,and racial boundaries. The process includes violence prevention;conflict management,resolution,or transformation;and post-conflict reconciliation or trauma healing before,during,and after any given case of violence.
DCAF-;Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance is an intergovernmental foundation-based think tank that provides research and project support to states and international actors in improving security sector governance and reform.
swisspeace is a practice-oriented peace research institute located in Basel,Switzerland. It aims to contribute to the improvement of conflict prevention and conflict transformation by supporting Swiss and international actors in their peacebuilding activities.
Kristian Berg Harpviken is a Norwegian sociologist and researcher,and since 2009 director of the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). Harpviken is foremost known for his competence on Afghanistan,where he has travelled extensively and conducted multiple field works since he first engaged with the country in 1989.
Conciliation Resources is an independent organization working with people in conflict to prevent violence and build peace,providing advice,support,and practical resources. It also takes the lessons learned to government decision-makers and others working to end the conflict to improve peacebuilding policies and practice worldwide.
Alma Abdul-Hadi Jadallah,is a social scientist,internationally recognized mediator,facilitator and trainer,as well as a scholar-practitioner and educator with close to twenty years of experience in the field of conflict analysis and resolution,research and applied practice,peacebuilding,conflict prevention,and transformation. Since 2005,she has been the President and Managing Director of Kommon Denominator Inc.,a private consulting firm.
Karuna Center for Peacebuilding (KCP) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization based in Amherst,Massachusetts. The stated mission of KCP is to empower people divided by conflict to develop mutual understanding and to create sustainable peace. The organization was named for the Sanskrit word for compassion. The organizations efforts in facilitating "post-conflict reconciliation" has led to active programs in more than 30 countries. They have co-implemented programs with the United States Agency for International Development,United States Department of State,United States Institute of Peace,and Fund for Peace,among others.
Chandra Lekha Sriram (1971–2018) was Professor of Law at the University of London,School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS). She has written and lectured widely on conflict prevention,post-conflict peacebuilding,human rights,international criminal law,and transitional justice. Her most recent monograph,Peace as governance:Power-sharing,armed groups,and contemporary peace negotiations (2008),offered a comparative critical examination of the use of power-sharing incentives in peace processes in Colombia,Sri Lanka,and Sudan. Previous monographs on transitional justice and international criminal accountability,Confronting past human rights violations:Justice versus peace in times of transition (2004) and Globalizing Justice for mass atrocities:A revolution in accountability (2005);examined transitional justice and internationalized and externalized criminal justice processes in or for Sierra Leone,Timor-Leste,El Salvador,Honduras,Sri Lanka,South Africa,and Argentina.
Luc E.H.G. Reychler is a Belgian social and political scientist.
Interpeace is an international organization for peacebuilding which advances sustainable peace in two mutually reinforcing ways:(1) strengthening the capacities of societies to manage conflict themselves in non-violent and non-coercive ways;and (2) assisting the international community,particularly the United Nations,to be more effective in supporting peacebuilding. Interpeace tailors its practical approach and peacebuilding policies to each society and ensures that the work is locally owned and driven. Together with in-country partners and teams,Interpeace jointly develops peacebuilding programmes and helps establish processes of change that connect local communities,civil society,government and the international community. The organisation has worked in more than 20 countries in Africa,the Middle East,Europe,Asia and Latin America.
Mohamed Sahnoun was an Algerian diplomat who served as ambassador of Algeria to Germany,France,the United States and Morocco as well as permanent representative of Algeria to the United Nations. He also served as the Organisation of African Unity's Assistant Secretary General,the Arab League's Assistant Secretary-general,the Secretary-General of the United Nations's Special Representative for Somalia in 1992 and the Secretary-General of the United Nations's Special Representative for the Great Lakes region of Africa in 1997 before continuing to work for peace and reconciliation through various UN-related or independent charities. He particularly focused on developing intercultural and inter-religious dialogues and on healing wounded memories from past conflicts.
Hizkias Assefa (1948) is a conflict mediator known widely in Africa for his non-aligned work as a consultant who has mediated in most major conflict situations in sub-Saharan Africa in the past 20 years,as well as in a dozen countries elsewhere. He is also a professor of conflict studies. Of Ethiopian origin,he is based in Nairobi,Kenya. He was one of the founding faculty members in 1994 of the Conflict Transformation Program at Eastern Mennonite University.
Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh is an Iranian-American researcher,university lecturer,and United Nations consultant in peacebuilding,conflict resolution,counter-terrorism,and radicalization,best known for her work in "Human Security" and for contributions in the republics of Central Asia and Afghanistan,as cited by the New York Times and other publications as well as hundreds of scholarly publications. Currently,she is a lecturer at Sciences Po,researcher,and consultant to the United Nations.
Elizabeth M. Cousens is the current President and CEO of the United Nations Foundation.
Jacqueline Berenstein-Wavre was a Swiss politician who spent her political career in Geneva. She fought for women's rights in the workplace.
Hajer Sharief,is a Libyan peace and human rights activist. She co-leads the work of the Together We Build It (TWBI) organization in Libya. In 2011 and at the age of 19,Sharief co-founded TWBI to build peace in Libya and promote human rights. She is one of UN Women's 12 Champions on Women,Peace and Security,and Human Rights;and a member of the Extremely Together young leaders initiative,begun by Kofi Annan and the Kofi Annan Foundation. In 2020,Forbes named Sharief as one of "Africa's 50 Most Powerful Women",and she was listed by Avanec Media among their "100 Most Influential African Women" for 2020. A winner of the Student Peace Prize in 2017,she was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019.
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