The Atrocity Exhibition

Last updated

The Atrocity Exhibition
TheAtrocityExhibition.jpg
Cover of first edition (hardcover)
Author J. G. Ballard
LanguageEnglish
Genre Experimental, science fiction
Publisher Jonathan Cape
Publication date
1970
Publication placeUnited Kingdom
Media typePrint (hardback & paperback)
Pages157 pp
ISBN 0-224-61838-5
OCLC 161158
823/.9/14
LC Class PZ4.B1893 at PR6052.A46
Preceded by The Crystal World  
Followed by Crash  

The Atrocity Exhibition is an experimental novel of linked stories or "condensed novels" by British writer J. G. Ballard.

Contents

The book was originally published in the UK in 1970 by Jonathan Cape. After a 1970 edition by Doubleday & Company had already been printed, Nelson Doubleday Jr. personally cancelled the publication and had the copies destroyed, fearing legal action from some of the celebrities depicted in the book. Thus, the first US edition was published in 1972 by Grove Press under the title Love and Napalm: Export USA. [1] It was made into a film by Jonathan Weiss in 1998. [2] [3]

A revised large format paperback edition, with annotations by the author and illustrations by Phoebe Gloeckner, was issued by RE/Search in 1990. [4]

Conception

The Atrocity Exhibition, Ballard admitted in 2007, originated in large part from the sudden death of his first wife Mary from pneumonia: [5]

I was terribly wounded by my wife's death. Leaving me with these very young children, I felt that a crime had been committed by nature against this young woman and her children and I was searching desperately for an explanation [...] To some extent The Atrocity Exhibition is an attempt to explain all the terrible violence that I saw around me in the early sixties. It wasn't just the Kennedy assassination [...] I think I was trying to look for a kind of new logic that would explain all these events.

Ballard's short story "The Assassination Weapon" (later to appear as the third chapter of The Atrocity Exhibition) was first published in 1966 in New Worlds and was edited by Ballard's genre fiction colleague and friend Michael Moorcock. [5] As editor of New Worlds, Moorcock aimed to marry the science fiction genre with an avant-garde, speculative tenor. Ballard's experimental stories "delighted" Moorcock: "['The Assassination Weapon'] was exactly what I'd been looking for [...] For me it was exemplary, a flag to wave for authors and readers." [5] Later that same year, New Worlds published the title story-chapter, "The Atrocity Exhibition". Ambit went on to publish "You: Coma: Marilyn Monroe" and "The Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy Considered as a Downhill Motor Race", also in 1966. [5] Ballard became Ambit's prose editor in 1967. [5]

Content and composition

The Atrocity Exhibition is split up into sections, similar to the style of William S. Burroughs, a writer whom Ballard admired. [6] Burroughs wrote the preface to the book. [7] Though often called a "novel" by critics, such a definition is disputed, because all its parts had an independent life. "Why I Want to Fuck Ronald Reagan," for example, had three prior incarnations: in the International Times, in Ronald Reagan: The Magazine of Poetry, and as a freestanding booklet from Unicorn Bookshop, Brighton, all in 1968. All 15 pieces had been printed and some even reprinted before The Atrocity Exhibition was published.

Each chapter or story is split up into smaller sections, some of them labelled by part of a continuing sentence; Ballard has called these sections "condensed novels". There is no clear beginning or end to the book, and it does not follow any of the conventional novelistic standards: the protagonist changes name with each chapter or story (Talbert, Traven, Travis, Talbot, etc.), [8] just as his role and his visions of the world around him seem to change constantly. (Ballard explains in the 1990 annotated edition that the character's name was inspired by reclusive novelist B. Traven, whose identity is still not known with certainty.)

The stories describe how the mass media landscape inadvertently invades and splinters the private mind of the individual. Suffering from a mental breakdown, the protagonist – a Dr Nathan who works at a mental hospital – surrenders to a world of psychosis. Traven tries to make sense of the many public events that dominate his world (the death of Marilyn Monroe, the Space Race, Elizabeth Taylor's much-publicized tracheotomy, and especially the assassination of John F. Kennedy), by restaging them in ways that, to his psychotic mind, gives them a more personal meaning. It is never quite clear how much of the novel "really" takes place, and how much only occurs inside the protagonist's own head. Characters whom he kills return again in later chapters (his wife seems to die several times). He travels with a Marilyn Monroe scorched by radiation burns, and with a bomber-pilot of whom he notes that "the planes of his face did not seem to intersect correctly."

Inner and outer landscapes seem to merge as the ultimate goal of the protagonist is to start World War III, "though not in any conventional sense" – a war that will be fought entirely within his own mind. Bodies and landscapes are constantly confused ("Dr Nathan found himself looking at what seemed a dune top, but was in fact an immensely magnified portion of the skin area over the iliac crest", "he found himself walking between the corroding breasts of the film-actress", and "these cliff-towers revealed the first spinal landscapes"). At other times the protagonist seems to see the entire world, and life around him, as nothing more than a vast geometrical equation, such as when he observes a woman pacing around the apartment he has rented: "This ... woman was a modulus ... by multiplying her into the space/time of the apartment, he could obtain a valid unit for his own existence."

Chapter or story titles

  1. The Atrocity Exhibition. New Worlds , Vol. 50, No. 166, September 1966 (excerpt).
  2. The University of Death. Transatlantic Review , No. 29, London, Summer 1968.
  3. The Assassination Weapon. New Worlds, Vol. 50, No. 161, April 1966.
  4. You: Coma: Marilyn Monroe. Ambit No. 27, Spring 1966.
  5. Notes Towards a Mental Breakdown. New Worlds July 1967 (excerpt).
  6. The Great American Nude. Ambit No. 36 Summer 1968.
  7. The Summer Cannibals. New Worlds No. 186 January 1969.
  8. Tolerances of the Human Face. Encounter Vol. 33, No. 3, September 1969.
  9. You and Me and the Continuum. Impulse, Vol. 1, No. 1, March 1966.
  10. Plan for the Assassination of Jacqueline Kennedy. Ambit # 31, Spring 1967.
  11. Love and Napalm: Export USA Circuit No. 6, June 1968.
  12. Crash! ICA-Eventsheet February 1969 (excerpt).
  13. The Generations of America. New Worlds No. 183, October 1968.
  14. Why I Want to Fuck Ronald Reagan. Brighton: Unicorn Bookshop, 1968
  15. The Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy Considered as a Downhill Motor Race. Ambit No. 29, Autumn 1966.

Appendix (added in 1990)

References in other media

Related Research Articles

<i>Crash</i> (Ballard novel) 1973 novel by J. G. Ballard

Crash is a novel by British author J. G. Ballard, first published in 1973 with cover designed by Bill Botten. It follows a group of car-crash fetishists who, inspired by the famous crashes of celebrities, become sexually aroused by staging and participating in car accidents.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">J. G. Ballard</span> English writer (1930–2009)

James Graham Ballard was an English novelist and short-story writer, satirist and essayist known for psychologically provocative works of fiction that explore the relations between human psychology, technology, sex and mass media. Ballard first became associated with New Wave science fiction for post-apocalyptic novels such as The Drowned World (1962). He later courted controversy with the short-story collection The Atrocity Exhibition (1970), which includes the 1968 story "Why I Want to Fuck Ronald Reagan", and later the novel Crash (1973), a story about car-crash fetishists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Moorcock</span> English writer, editor, critic (born 1939)

Michael John Moorcock is an English writer, particularly of science fiction and fantasy, who has published a number of well-received literary novels as well as comic thrillers, graphic novels and non-fiction. He has worked as an editor and is also a successful musician. He is best known for his novels about the character Elric of Melniboné, which were a seminal influence on the field of fantasy in the 1960s and 1970s.

The New Wave was a science fiction style of the 1960s and 1970s, characterized by a great degree of experimentation with the form and content of stories, greater imitation of the styles of non-science fiction literature, and an emphasis on the psychological and social sciences as opposed to the physical sciences. New Wave authors often considered themselves as part of the modernist tradition of fiction, and the New Wave was conceived as a deliberate change from the traditions of the science fiction characteristic of pulp magazines, which many of the writers involved considered irrelevant or unambitious.

<i>Naked Lunch</i> 1959 novel by William S. Burroughs

Naked Lunch is a 1959 antinovel by American author William S. Burroughs. The antinovel does not follow a clear linear plot, but is instead structured as a series of non-chronological "routines". Many of these routines follow William Lee, an opioid addict who travels to the surreal city of Interzone and begins working for the organization "Islam Inc."

<i>The Crystal World</i> 1966 novel by J. G. Ballard

The Crystal World is a science fiction novel by English author J. G. Ballard, published in 1966. The novel tells the story of a physician trying to make his way deep into the jungle to a secluded leprosy treatment facility. While trying to make it to his destination, his chaotic path leads him to try to come to terms with an apocalyptic phenomenon in the jungle that crystallises everything it touches.

<i>New Worlds</i> (magazine) British science fiction and fantasy magazine

New Worlds was a British science fiction magazine that began in 1936 as a fanzine called Novae Terrae. John Carnell, who became Novae Terrae's editor in 1939, renamed it New Worlds that year. He was instrumental in turning it into a professional publication in 1946 and was the first editor of the new incarnation. It became the leading UK science fiction magazine; the period to 1960 has been described by science fiction historian Mike Ashley as the magazine's "Golden Age".

Gideon Stargrave is a comics character created by Grant Morrison in 1978 for the anthology comic Near Myths, and later incorporated into their series The Invisibles. The character is based on J. G. Ballard's "The Day of Forever" and Michael Moorcock's Jerry Cornelius, which led to accusations of plagiarism from Moorcock.

<i>The History of the Runestaff</i> 1979 omnibus collection of fantasy novels by Michael Moorcock

The History of the Runestaff is an omnibus collection of four fantasy novels by Michael Moorcock, consisting of The Jewel in the Skull, The Mad God's Amulet, The Sword of the Dawn, and The Runestaff. Charting the adventures of Dorian Hawkmoon, a version of the Eternal Champion, it takes place in a far-future version of Europe in which the insane rulers of the Dark Empire of Granbretan are engaged in conquering the continent. Written between 1967 and 1969, it is considered a classic of the genre, and has proven highly influential in shaping subsequent authors' works.

<i>Low-Flying Aircraft and Other Stories</i> Collection of science fiction short stories by J.G. Ballard

Low-Flying Aircraft and Other Stories is a collection of science fiction short stories by British writer J. G. Ballard published in 1976.

<i>The Western Lands</i> 1987 novel by William S. Burroughs

The Western Lands is a 1987 novel by William S. Burroughs. The final book of the trilogy that begins with Cities of the Red Night (1981) and continues with The Place of Dead Roads (1983), its title refers to the western bank of the Nile River, which in Egyptian mythology is the Land of the Dead. Inspired by the Egyptian Book of the Dead, Burroughs explores the after-death state by means of dream scenarios, hallucinatory passages, talismanic magic, occultism, superstition, and his characteristic view of the nature of reality.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Why I Want to Fuck Ronald Reagan</span> Short comedic work by English writer J. G. Ballard

"Why I Want to Fuck Ronald Reagan" (1968), by J. G. Ballard, is a short story written in the style of a scientific report on a series of experiments intended to measure the psychosexual appeal of the Californian politician Ronald Reagan, who then was governor of the state of California, and also a candidate for the 1968 Republican presidential nomination, which he lost to Richard Nixon.

The assassination of John F. Kennedy and the subsequent conspiracy theories surrounding it have been discussed, referenced, or recreated in popular culture numerous times.

Michael Butterworth is a British author, publisher and campaigner who first became known publicly as an author of New Wave science fiction. He later founded the publishing house Savoy Books with David Britton in 1976 and the contemporary art journal Corridor8 with Sarajane Inkster in 2009. He successfully fought a charge of obscenity against Britton's controversial novel Lord Horror during 1992, the first novel to be banned in England since Hubert Selby Jr.'s Last Exit to Brooklyn in 1967.

<i>Miracles of Life</i> 2008 book by J.G. Ballard

Miracles of Life is an autobiography written by British writer J. G. Ballard and published in 2008.

The Complete Short Stories of J. G. Ballard: Volume 2 is a short story collection by J. G. Ballard, published in 2006.

Barrington J. Bayley was an English science fiction writer.

<i>Beatles</i> (novel) 1984 novel by Lars Saabye Christensen

Beatles is a novel written by the Norwegian author Lars Saabye Christensen. The book was first published in 1984. It takes its title from the English rock band The Beatles, and all the chapters are named after Beatles songs or albums. The book tells the story of four Oslo boys in the years from 1965 to 1972, recapitulating their adolescent years and early adulthood. The boys have a common interest - worship of the Beatles, and take on the names of the group members, John, Paul, George and Ringo. Each of them shares some characteristics with the chosen member.

<i>Science Fiction: The 100 Best Novels</i> 1985 book by David Pringle

Science Fiction: The 100 Best Novels, An English-Language Selection, 1949–1984 is a nonfiction book by David Pringle, published by Xanadu in 1985 with a foreword by Michael Moorcock. Primarily, the book comprises 100 short essays on the selected works, covered in order of publication, without any ranking. It is considered an important critical summary of the science fiction field.

"Atrocity Exhibition" is a song by the English post-punk band Joy Division. It is the opening track on their second and final album Closer. The song was produced by Martin Hannett and Joy Division. It was recorded at Pink Floyd's Britannia Row Studios in London.

References

  1. Ballard, J. G. (1972). Love and Napalm: Export U.S.A. New York: Grove Press. ISBN   978-0-394-48277-4.
  2. "Thirsty Man at the Spigot": An Interview with Jonathan Weiss
  3. Eisner, Ken. "The Atrocity Exhibition". Variety.com. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  4. Ballard, J. G. (1990). The atrocity exhibition. San Francisco, CA: RE/Search Publications. ISBN   0-940642-18-2.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Ballard, J.G. (2001). The Atrocity Exhibition. Fourth Estate. ISBN   978-0-00-711686-7.
  6. Kadray, Richard; Stefanac, Suzanne (2 September 1997). "J.G. Ballard on William S. Burroughs' naked truth". Salon .
  7. "Ballardian: The World of JG Ballard » William Burroughs: Preface to The Atrocity Exhibition". Archived from the original on 29 October 2006.
  8. "JG Ballard: Five years on – a celebration". TheGuardian.com . 4 April 2014.
  9. Dowling, Stephen. "What pop music tells us about JG Ballard". BBC, 20 April 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  10. retrofuturista (15 September 2022). "14+ Songs & Albums Inspired By JG Ballard". Retrofuturista. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  11. "Dead Hand Biography". mao-morta.org. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  12. J. Bennett, "Fallen Empire", Precious Metal: Decibel Presents the Stories Behind 25 Extreme Metal Masterpieces, Albert Mudrian, ed., Da Capo Press, ISBN   9780306818066. p. 322.
  13. Atkinson, Peter. "Exodus: Taste The Rainbow. Exclusive Interview with Guitarist Gary Holt". knac.com. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  14. Kellman, Andy. "The Comsat Angels | Biography & History". AllMusic . Rovi Corporation . Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  15. Brown, Emma (7 November 2016). "True to Himself". interviewmagazine.com. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  16. Sterdan, Darryl. "Lazy Habits Make some Serious Waves". tinnist.com. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  17. "Left Orbit Temple". Tydirium Multimedia . Retrieved 27 October 2020.