Gary Numan

Last updated

Gary Numan
Gary Numan.jpg
Numan in 2011
Born
Gary Anthony James Webb

(1958-03-08) 8 March 1958 (age 66)
London, England
Occupations
  • Musician
  • singer
  • songwriter
  • record producer
Years active1977–present
Spouse
Gemma O'Neill
​
(m. 1997)​
Children3
Musical career
Genres
Instruments
  • Vocals
  • guitar
  • keyboards
  • synthesizer
Discography Gary Numan discography
Labels
Formerly of
Website garynuman.co.uk

Gary Anthony James Webb (born 8 March 1958), known professionally as Gary Numan, is an English musician. He entered the music industry as frontman of the new wave band Tubeway Army. After releasing two studio albums with the band, he released his debut solo studio album The Pleasure Principle in 1979, topping the UK Albums Chart. His commercial popularity peaked in the late 1970s and early 1980s with hits including "Are 'Friends' Electric?" and "Cars" (both of which reached number one on the UK Singles Chart). Numan maintains a cult following. He has sold over 10 million records.

Contents

Numan is regarded as a pioneer of electronic music. He developed a signature sound consisting of heavy synthesiser hooks fed through guitar effects pedals, and is also known for his distinctive voice and androgynous "android" persona. He received an Ivor Novello Award, the Inspiration Award, from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors in 2017.

Early life

Gary Anthony James Webb [11] [12] was born on 8 March 1958 in Hammersmith, London. [13] His father was a British Airways bus driver based at Heathrow Airport. [14] He was seven when his family adopted his cousin (father's nephew) John, [15] who would become a musician and play in Numan's backing band. He was educated at Town Farm Junior School in Stanwell; Ashford County Grammar School; and Slough Grammar School, [16] followed by Brooklands Technical College in Weybridge, Surrey. [17] He joined the Air Training Corps as a teenager and briefly held various jobs including forklift truck driver, air conditioning ventilator fitter, and accounts clerk. [18]

When Numan was 15, his father bought him a Gibson Les Paul guitar, which became his most treasured possession. [19] He briefly played in various bands and looked through advertisements in Melody Maker for bands to join. He claims to have unsuccessfully auditioned as guitarist for the then-unknown band the Jam [20] before joining Mean Street and the Lasers, where he met Paul Gardiner. [21] The latter band would soon become Tubeway Army, with his uncle Jess Lidyard on drums and Gardiner on bass. The band signed a recording contract with Beggars Banquet Records. [22] His initial pseudonym was Valerian, probably in reference to the hero in French science fiction comic series Valérian and Laureline . [23] He later picked the surname Numan from an advertisement in the yellow pages for a plumber whose surname was Neumann. [24]

Music career

1977–1981: Tubeway Army and the "Machine Trilogy"

Numan came to prominence in the 1970s as lead vocalist, songwriter, and record producer for Tubeway Army. After adopting a punk rock-style they signed a recording contract with Beggars Banquet Records and released their debut single "That's Too Bad" in February 1978. It was followed by the recording of an album's worth of demo tapes in March 1978 (released in 1984 as The Plan ), [25] [22] and a second single, "Bombers", which like the first single did not chart. [26] The two singles were released again as a gatefold doublepack in 1979, and in 1983 a re-release of "That's Too Bad" reached No. 97 on the UK Singles Chart. [27]

Tubeway Army's self-titled, new wave-oriented debut studio album, released in November 1978, sold out its limited run and introduced Numan's fascination with dystopian science fiction and synthesisers. [28] During the recording of the album Numan found a Moog synthesizer left behind in the studio and the transition towards an electronic sound began. [29] Though the band's third single, the dark-themed and slow-paced "Down in the Park" (1979), did not appear on the charts, it became one of Numan's most enduring and oft-covered songs. It was featured with other contemporary hits on the soundtrack for the American drama film Times Square (1980), [30] and a live version of the song appeared in the British concert film Urgh! A Music War (1982). [31] Following exposure in a television advertisement for Lee Cooper jeans with the jingle "Don't Be a Dummy", [28] Tubeway Army released the single "Are 'Friends' Electric?" in May 1979. [32] After a modest start at the lower reaches of the UK Singles Chart at No. 71, it steadily climbed to No. 1 at the end of June and remained on that position for four consecutive weeks. In July its parent studio album Replicas also reached No. 1 on the albums chart. [33]

At this point Numan was recording his next studio album with a new backing band, having recruited keyboardist Chris Payne and drummer Cedric Sharpley. [34] [35] At the peak of success, Numan opted to premiere four songs in a John Peel session in June 1979 rather than promoting the current album and the Tubeway Army group name was dropped. [34]

In September "Cars" reached No. 1 in the UK. [36] The single found success in North American charts where "Cars" spent 2 weeks at No. 1 on the Canadian RPM charts, [37] [38] and reached No. 9 in the US in 1980. [39] "Cars" and the 1979 studio album The Pleasure Principle were both released under Numan's own stage name. The album reached No. 1 in the UK, [40] and a sell-out tour (The Touring Principle) followed; the concert video it spawned is often cited as the first full-length commercial music video release. [41] The Pleasure Principle was a rock album with no guitars; instead, Numan used synthesisers connected to effects units to achieve a distorted, phased, metallic tone. A second single from the album, "Complex", made it to No. 6 on the UK Singles Chart. [42]

Numan performing in 1980 Gary Numan playing.jpg
Numan performing in 1980

In 1980, Numan topped the UK album charts for a third time with Telekon , [43] and the singles "We Are Glass" and "I Die: You Die", released prior to the album, reaching No. 5 and No. 6 on the UK charts. [44] "This Wreckage", the only single taken from the original album release, entered the UK top 20 in December that year. [44] Telekon, the final studio album that Numan retrospectively termed the "Machine" section of his career, [45] reintroduced guitars to Numan's music and featured a wider range of synthesisers. The same year he embarked on his second major tour ("The Teletour") with a more elaborate stage show than The Touring Principle the previous year. In April 1981, Numan decided to retire from touring following his upcoming series of concerts at Wembley Arena, [46] where he was supported by experimental musician Nash the Slash [47] and Shock, a rock/mime/burlesque troupe whose members included Barbie Wilde, Tik and Tok, and Carole Caplin. [48] Living Ornaments '79 and '80 , a live two album box-set from the 1979 and 1980 tours, was released at this time, reaching No. 2 in the UK charts. [49] Both albums, also individually released as Living Ornaments '79 and Living Ornaments '80 also charted. [50] [51] The decision to retire would be short-lived. [52]

1981–1983: New musical directions

Departing from the pure electropop that he had been associated with, Numan began experimenting with jazz, funk, and ethereal, rhythmic pop. His first studio album after his farewell concerts was Dance (1981). The album charted at No. 3 on the UK charts, with an eight-week chart run and produced one hit single ("She's Got Claws"), which reached No. 6. [53] The album featured several distinguished guest players; Mick Karn (bass guitar; saxophone) and Rob Dean (guitar) of Japan, Roger Mason (keyboards) of Models, and Roger Taylor (drums) of Queen. [54]

With his former backing band, Chris Payne (keyboards; viola), Russell Bell (guitar), and Ced Sharpley (drums) now reformed as Dramatis, Numan contributed lead vocals to the minor hit "Love Needs No Disguise" from the studio album For Future Reference (1981) [55] and lent lead vocals to the first single released by his long-term bassist Paul Gardiner, "Stormtrooper in Drag", which also made the charts. [56] However, Numan's success began to wane as he was outsold by the Human League, Duran Duran, Depeche Mode, and his prior support act, Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD). With each new studio album, Numan would take on a particular persona, but none seemed to catch audiences' attention like he had been able to in 1979. [57]

Numan's fourth solo studio album I, Assassin (1982) produced the top 10 hit "We Take Mystery (To Bed)", as well as the top 20 singles "Music for Chameleons" and "White Boys and Heroes", the album peaking at No. 8 with a six-week chart run. [58] The heavily percussive funk style made several tracks from the album, such as the 12" version of "Music for Chameleons" and a special remix of "White Boys and Heroes", unexpected successes in the American club scene [59] and in October 1982 he embarked on a US tour. [60]

Warriors (1983) further developed Numan's jazz-influenced style and featured contributions from avant-garde musician Bill Nelson of Be-Bop Deluxe (who fell out with Numan during recording and chose to be uncredited as the album's co-producer), [61] and saxophonist Dick Morrissey (who also performed on The Fury , Strange Charm and Outland ). [62] The album peaked at No. 12, produced two hit singles including the top 20 title-track and, like I, Assassin, spent six weeks in the charts. [63] Warriors was the last album Numan recorded for Beggars Banquet Records, and was supported by a 40-date UK tour (again with support from robotic mime and music duo Tik and Tok). [64]

1984–1993: Record label foundation, collaborations, and career downturn

Numan subsequently issued a series of albums and singles on his own record label, Numa. The first studio album released, 1984's Berserker , was Numan's first foray into music computers and samplers (in this case, the PPG Wave). [65] The album was accompanied by a new, blue-and-white colour scheme and visual (including Numan himself, with blue hair), as well as a tour, a live album, video, EP, and the title track as a single. The track charted within the UK top 40. [66] Despite this, the album divided critics and fans, and ultimately performed poorly, stalling at No. 32 on the UK chart. Numan cites many reasons for this, including distribution issues. [67]

A collaboration with Bill Sharpe (of Shakatak) as Sharpe & Numan, in 1985, was more successful; in March of that year, the single "Change Your Mind" reached No. 17 on the UK Singles Chart. [68] A few months later, the live album White Noise (recorded during the Berserker Tour) and a live EP with tracks taken from it (titled The Live EP) reached No. 29 [69] and 27 [70] on the charts, respectively.

Andre Csillag taking group photos of the band for the Official Fury Tour book; Manchester Apollo, October 1985 Gary Numan photo shoot Manchester Apollo 9th October 1985 photograph Gary Hodge.jpg
Andre Csillag taking group photos of the band for the Official Fury Tour book; Manchester Apollo, October 1985

Numan's next studio album, The Fury (1985), charted slightly higher than Berserker, breaking the top 30. Again, the album heralded a change of image, this time featuring Numan in a white suit and red bow tie. However, for the first time in his career, neither of the three singles released from the album ("Your Fascination", "Call Out the Dogs" and "Miracles") managed to reach the top 40, barely entering the top 50 on the UK charts. [44]

The following year, Numan scored two top-30 UK singles, with "This Is Love" in April 1986, and "I Can't Stop" in June that year; the subsequent album, Strange Charm , was released later that year, but only spent two weeks on the albums chart, where it peaked at No. 59. In November of that year, a version of the song "I Still Remember", from the previous album, was released as a charity single, but stalled at No. 74 on the singles chart. [71]

Further collaborations with Bill Sharpe spawned two more Sharpe & Numan hits with "New Thing from London Town", peaking at No. 52 in 1986, and "No More Lies" at No. 35 in 1988. [68] In 1987, Numan performed vocals for three singles by Radio Heart, a project of brothers Hugh and David Nicholson (formerly of Marmalade and Blue), which charted with varying success ("Radio Heart", No. 35 in the UK, "London Times", No. 48, "All Across the Nation", No. 81). [72] An album was also released, credited to "Radio Heart featuring Gary Numan", with Numan only appearing on three tracks; the record failed to chart. Also in 1987, Numan's old label, Beggars Banquet, released the best-of compilation Exhibition , which reached No. 43 on the UK Albums Chart, [44] and a remix of "Cars". The remix, titled "Cars (E Reg Model)", charted at No. 16, [73] marking Numan's final Top 20 hit (until the same song was re-released in 1996).

Numa Records, which had been launched during a flurry of idealistic excitement, folded after the release of Numan's 1986 studio album Strange Charm. Numan would reopen the record label in 1992, yet it was again shuttered in 1996. [74] In addition to Numa Records' commercial failure, Numan's own amassed fortune (since the late 1970s), which he estimated to be around £4.5 million, was drained. He then signed a recording contract with I.R.S. Records for the release of his final studio album of the 1980s, Metal Rhythm (1988), which also sold relatively poorly. For its American release, the record label edited the album's title to New Anger after the lead single's title, and also changed the album colour from black to blue and remixed several of its tracks, against Numan's wishes. [75] In 1989, the Sharpe & Numan album Automatic was released through Polydor Records, though this too failed to garner much commercial success, briefly entering the charts for just one week at No. 59. [68]

In 1991, Numan ventured into film-scoring by co-composing the music for The Unborn with Michael R. Smith [76] (the score was later released as the 1995 album Human). [77] After Outland (1991), another critical and commercial disappointment and his second and last studio album with I.R.S., Numan reactivated Numa Records, under which he would release his next two studio albums. His first Numa Records release, Machine + Soul , is considered by many, including Numan himself, to be a career low point, released primarily to pay off debt. After the poor reception of the album, Numan considered leaving the music industry entirely. [78] In 1993, he released a single "Cars ('93 Sprint)", a techno remix of "Cars". That same year, he supported Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (who had opened for him in 1979) on their concert tour. [79]

1994–2001: New musical direction and critical acclaim

Numan performing in 2007 MrGaryNuman.jpg
Numan performing in 2007

By 1994, Numan decided to stop attempting to crack the pop market and concentrate instead on exploring more personal themes, including his vocal atheism. [80] His future wife Gemma encouraged him to strip away the influences of the more recent years. Numan thus sought a grittier, more industrial tone for his songwriting on the album Sacrifice, on which, for the first time, he played almost all the instruments himself. Nine Inch Nails (NIN), who were influenced by Numan's music, and other bands with industrial tendencies were contemporaneously becoming famous, and Sacrifice received critical acclaim. [81] According to Numan, the influence was mutual. [81] He cites "Closer" as his favourite Nine Inch Nails song, [82] and has said "Head Like a Hole" has "the best chorus ever". [83] Depeche Mode's album Songs of Faith and Devotion that came out during the recording of Sacrifice became a massive influence on Numan that both musically and lyrically inspired his new, darker direction. [84]

Sacrifice was the final studio album that Numan made before shutting down Numa Records permanently. His next two studio albums, Exile (1997) and Pure (2000), were well received and significantly helped to restore his critical reputation, as did a tribute album dedicated to Numan, Random . Random was released shortly before Exile and featured artists, such as Damon Albarn and Jesus Jones, who had been influenced by Numan. Numan toured the US in support of Exile, his first stateside concerts since the early 1980s. [57]

2002–2008: Further works and return to chart success

In 2002, Numan enjoyed chart success once again with the single "Rip", reaching No. 29 on the UK Singles Chart, [85] and again in 2003 with the Gary Numan vs Rico single "Crazier", which reached No. 13 in the UK charts. [86] Rico also worked on the 2003 remix album Hybrid which featured reworkings of older songs in a more contemporary industrial style as well as new material. Other artists and producers who contributed on these remixes included Curve, Flood, Andy Gray, Alan Moulder, New Disease, and Sulpher. 2003 saw Numan performing the vocals on "Pray for You", the single from the Plump DJs studio album Eargasm, which reached No. 89 on the UK Top 100 Chart. [87] In 2005, Numan took control of his own business affairs again with the launch of his recording label, Mortal Records. [88]

On 13 March 2006, Numan's studio album, Jagged , was released. An album launch gig took place at The Forum, London on 18 March followed by UK, European and US tours in support of the release. Numan also launched a Jagged website to showcase the album, and made plans to have his 1981 farewell concert (previously released as Micromusic on VHS) issued on DVD by November 2006 as well as releasing the DVD version of the Jagged album launch gig. Numan undertook a brief Telekon 'Classic Album' tour in the UK in December 2006, performing at Rock City, the Kentish Town Forum and Club Academy. [89]

Numan contributed vocals to four tracks on the April 2007 release of the debut solo studio album by Ade Fenton, Artificial Perfect, on his new industrial/electronic label, Submission, including "The Leather Sea", "Slide Away", "Recall", and the first single to be taken from the album, "Healing". The second single to be released in the UK was "The Leather Sea" on 30 July 2007, which charted. [90]

He sold out a 15-date UK and Ireland tour in spring 2008, during which he performed his 1979 number-one studio album Replicas in its entirety, and all the Replicas-era music including B-sides. [91] The successful tour reflected the resurging popularity of electropop in the UK [92] and coincided with his 50th birthday and 30th anniversary of the original release of Replicas . [93]

In November 2007, Numan confirmed via his website that work on a new studio album, with the working title of Splinter, would be under way throughout 2008, after finishing an alternate version of Jagged (called Jagged Edge ) and the CD of unreleased songs from his previous three studio albums (released in 2011 as Dead Son Rising [94] ). Numan released his subsequent album, Splinter (Songs from a Broken Mind) , in 2013. [95]

2009–present

Numan performing at South by Southwest (SXSW) in Austin, Texas, 2014 Gary Numan at SXSW 2014--58 (15845377015).jpg
Numan performing at South by Southwest (SXSW) in Austin, Texas, 2014
Numan performing at Cardiff Tramshed, 3 October 2019 Gary Numan 2019 Cardiff Tramshed Colour.jpg
Numan performing at Cardiff Tramshed, 3 October 2019

Numan was set to perform a small number of American live dates in April 2010, including a Coachella Festival appearance in California, but had to cancel because air travel in Europe was halted by the Icelandic volcanic ash cloud. As a result, the tour was not only postponed but expanded, and his Pleasure Principle 30th Anniversary Tour's American and Mexican dates began on 17 October 2010, at Firestone Live in Orlando, Florida. [96]

Numan toured Australia in May 2011 performing his album The Pleasure Principle in its entirety to celebrate its thirtieth anniversary. Joining him on tour was Australian electronic band Severed Heads, coming out of retirement especially for the shows. [97]

Numan lent his vocals to the track "My Machines" on Battles's second studio album Gloss Drop (2011). [98] He was chosen by Battles to perform at the ATP Nightmare Before Christmas festival that they co-curated in December 2011 in Minehead, England. [99] Numan's studio album Dead Son Rising was released on 16 September 2011, which had a full UK tour split in two-halves, 15–21 September and 7–11 December. [100] Both parts were supported by Welsh soloist Jayce Lewis; in an interview during the tour Numan said Lewis was "one of the most popular" support acts he had toured with. [101] Numan later published some of his tour diary online. [102]

Numan provided narration for Aurelio Voltaire's 5th short film in his ChimeraScope series, Odokuro in 2011, [103] which won 12 awards and was shown as a selection at numerous film festivals between 2011 and 2013. [104]

The studio album Splinter (Songs from a Broken Mind) , was released on 14 October 2013. It reached the UK Top 20, his first album to do so for 30 years. It was promoted by an extensive US, Canada, UK and Ireland tour which continued in 2014 to include Israel, New Zealand, Australia and Europe. A further US leg took place in late 2014. [105]

In June 2014, Numan collaborated with Jayce Lewis on the track "Redesign" which originally featured on the Welshman's Protafield album Nemesis The same album was re-released as a Special Edition under Lewis's solo name in 2018. [106] [107] Numan provided vocals for the song "Long Way Down", composed by Masafumi Takada with lyrics written by Rich Dickerson, for the survival horror video game The Evil Within , [108] which was released on 14 October 2014. [109] Numan performed a sold-out, one-off live show in London in November 2014 at the Hammersmith Apollo supported by Gang of Four. [110]

Numan collaborated with the industrial pop group VOWWS for "Losing Myself in You" [111] on their debut studio album [112] The Great Sun.

On 6 May 2016, Numan was one of several collaborators on Jean-Michel Jarre's eighteenth studio album Electronica 2: The Heart of Noise , with the track "Here for You", cowritten by Jarre and Numan. [113]

On 10 May 2016, Numan was named the recipient of the 2016 Moog Innovation Award by Moog Music. [114] On 18 May 2017, Numan received an Ivor Novello Inspiration Award from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors. [115] [116] [117]

In 2017, Numan released the single "My Name Is Ruin" and went on a European tour September. Numan's studio album Savage (Songs from a Broken World) was released on 15 September and charted at number two in the UK. [118] [119] He was the winner of the 2017 T3 tech legends award. [120] [121]

On 24 September 2018, Numan's tour bus hit and killed an elderly man in Cleveland, Ohio, US. [122] The driver was not immediately charged. Numan was scheduled to appear at the Cleveland House of Blues that evening but cancelled the show for being "inappropriate" in light of the day's tragedy. [123]

His next studio album Intruder was released on 21 May 2021. The title track was released earlier, on 11 January 2021. Numan discussed its genesis with writer Guy Mankowski, who has a chapter on Numan's legacy in his book Albion's Secret History: Snapshots of England's Pop Rebels and Outsiders, as part of an interview series on influential English artists for Zer0 Books. [124]

Following his US Intruder tour in late 2021 and early 2022, Numan began a 17-venue UK tour between late April and late May 2022. [125]

Numan performed at the Cruel World Festival in Pasadena, California on 20 May 2023. [126] After a nearby lightning storm led to an early evacuation, truncating Iggy Pop's set and cancelling Siouxsie Sioux's headlining set entirely, a second show was quickly announced for the following day, [126] with Siouxsie, Pop and Numan returning. [127]

In October 2023, Numan performed a series of eight acoustic gigs, playing songs from his repertoire in a new way in smaller, intimate settings. Locations included Wylam Brewery, Newcastle, Manchester Cathedral, and Hackney Church in London. [128]

In February 2024, Numan announced a UK tour to celebrate the 45th anniversary of his 1979 albums Replicas and The Pleasure Principle. Including shows in Norwich, Sheffield, Glasgow, Newcastle, Manchester, London, Bristol, Cardiff, Bournemouth, Birmingham and Nottingham between May 19 and June 1. [129]

Artistry and image

In the late 1970s, Numan began developing his style. According to Numan, this was an unintentional result of acne; before an appearance on Top of the Pops , "I had spots everywhere, so they slapped about half an inch of white make-up on me before I'd even walked in the door. And my eyes were like pissholes in the snow, so they put black on there. My so-called image fell into place an hour before going on the show." [57] His "wooden" stage presence was, in his words, a result of "incredible self-consciousness" and "incompetence – I didn't know to move on stage". He became enamoured by the idea of "being cold about everything, not letting emotions get to you, or presenting a front of not feeling". [57]

Initially, Numan used his invention of the mysterious fantasy character "Mach-man", a machine in human skin dressed all in black, which developed from short stories he wrote at school, as his stage persona. But this image was replaced in 1981 by a totally different "gangster"-look inspired by a television programme on 1930s eccentric millionaire Howard Hughes. [130]

Later in the 1980s, Numan adopted a new visual image for each new album, such as the Mad Max -influenced image for Warriors , [131] the white-skinned, white-clad "Iceman" with blue hair and make-up for the 1984 Berserker album and tour, the white suit and red bow-tie image for The Fury , [132] and a Blade Runner -influenced image for Strange Charm . [133]

A prolific songwriter, Numan has as of 2021 written about 400 songs. [134] His starting point is usually a piano to work out melodies and chord structures. Most of the songs on his early albums were written on a piano his parents had bought him: later in his career he has used a piano preset on the computer as a starting point. [135] However, his biggest hit "Cars" was unconventionally written on a bass guitar. [134]

Numan's recognisable vocals have become one of his trademarks, along with his androgynous "android" stage persona. [57]

Musical influences

In a 2012 interview, Numan spoke about the music that has had an influence on him over the years. As a teenager he was fan of T.Rex, David Bowie and Queen. [136] His band Tubeway Army started in the punk rock-vein in 1977, but Numan later said that the punk rock style was adopted with the sole intention to obtain a recording contract. [137] Ultravox's 1978 album Systems of Romance was the main influence behind Tubeway Army's transition into an electronic sound. Numan cited the album, and particularly the song "Slow Motion", as the blueprint for what he wanted to achieve. [136] Moving away from the commercially successful synth-pop on the 1979 albums Replicas and The Pleasure Principle to a more introspective and partly ambient sound, [138] David Bowie's collaborations with Brian Eno, the band Japan and Lou Reed's Berlin album has been cited as some of the influences that informed Numan's 1981 album Dance . [139] At this point, jazz and funk influences became prominent in Numan's music, as on the single "She's Got Claws" and his 1982 album I, Assassin . [138] His 1983 album Warriors started as a collaboration with Bill Nelson, guitarist in Bebop Deluxe, which was another of Numan's favourite bands in the 1970s. [136] Adopting a heavier, more aggresive sound, the production of his 1984 album Berserker took influence from Trevor Horn's production of Frankie Goes to Hollywood. [140] Wanting to broaden his musical output, Numan's mid- to late 1980's releases featured a jazz-funk style, [35] blending an industrial edge with funk and synth-pop sensibilities. [138] Following the release of two commercially and critically unsuccessful pop and funk influenced albums in the early 1990's, Numan found new pivotal influences in Nine Inch Nails and Depeche Mode's 1993 album Songs of Faith and Devotion that inspired him to move into a darker sound that became the trademark of his later career. [136]

Legacy

Numan performing as part of his 2009 tour of Australia Numan Oz Tour 2009 1.jpg
Numan performing as part of his 2009 tour of Australia

Within the UK's burgeoning synth-pop scene, Numan was the first artist to achieve mainstream notoriety. [141] His music and live performances met with censure from critics; he also faced condemnation from the Musicians' Union (MU), who said he was putting "proper" musicians out of work. [142] [143] Andy McCluskey of Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD) observed "nasty, nasty, vitriolic journalism" directed at Numan, who was dismissed as "pretentious" and "pseudo-intellectual". [24] He nevertheless generated an army of fans calling themselves "Numanoids", providing him with a fanbase which maintained their support through the latter half of the 1980s, when his fortunes began to fall. [57] [54] He maintains a cult following [12] and has sold over 10 million records. [24] [144]

Numan is considered a pioneer of electronic music; [145] [146] [147] Nightshift identified Numan, and fellow late 1970s debutants OMD and the Human League, as "the holy trinity of synth-pop". [148] He has been credited as a key influence by fellow English musician Kim Wilde as she was working on her debut single "Kids in America" with her brother Ricky. [149] Curt Smith and Roland Orzabal of Tears for Fears, another new wave act of the 1980s, cited Numan's style as one that inspired them while recording their debut studio album The Hurting . [150] Since the 1990s Numan has been cited as a major influence by a variety of bands and artists from hip hop to industrial rock and Britpop, including Afrika Bambaataa, Fear Factory, Nine Inch Nails, [151] Marilyn Manson, [152] Stephin Merritt of Magnetic Fields [153] and Damon Albarn of Blur. [154] Prince was quoted saying: "There are still people trying to work out what a genius Gary Numan is." [153]

Fear Factory produced a cover of "Cars" (featuring a prominent guest appearance by Numan himself) for the digipak version of their third studio album, Obsolete (1999). [155] Numan had become acknowledged and respected by his peers, with such musicians as Dave Grohl (of Foo Fighters, [156] [157] with whom he covered "Down in the Park" on 1996's Songs in the Key of X , [158] and Nirvana), Trent Reznor [159] (of Nine Inch Nails, whose 2018 leg of the Cold and Black and Infinite tour concluded with a guest performance by Numan, who Reznor described as "vitally important and a huge inspiration"), [160] [161] and Marilyn Manson [162] [163] (who released his own cover version of "Down in the Park" as the B-side of his band's 1995 studio album Lunchbox ) [164] proclaiming his work an influence.

The duo Basement Jaxx had a hit in 2002 with "Where's Your Head At", [165] which relied on a sample of Numan's "M.E."—from The Pleasure Principle—for its hook. [166] Nine Inch Nails covered the song "Metal" on The Fragile remix album Things Falling Apart, [167] as did Afrika Bambaataa (with Numan himself) on the studio album Dark Matter Moving at the Speed of Light . [168] "Cars" remains Numan's most enduring song; it was a hit again in 1987 (remixed by Zeus B. Held) [169] and 1996, in the latter case thanks to an appearance in an advert for Carling Brewery. [170] In 2000, DJ Armand van Helden sampled the track in his single "Koochy". [171] In 2002, English girl group the Sugababes scored a No. 1 with "Freak Like Me", a mashup of Adina Howard's "Freak Like Me" and "Are "Friends" Electric?" by Numan's Tubeway Army. [172]

Personal life

In 1997, Numan married Gemma O'Neill, a member of his fan club from Sidcup, south-east London. [173] [174] They have three daughters: Raven, Persia, and Echo. [175] His daughter Persia, at the age of 11, contributed vocals to Numan's 2017 song "My Name Is Ruin" and appeared in its music video. [176] Numan and his family lived in Essex, [177] then Heathfield and Waldron in East Sussex, [178] and in October 2012 moved to Santa Monica, California. [179] [180]

At age 15, after a series of outbursts in which he would "smash things up, scream and shout, get in people's faces and break stuff", Numan was prescribed antidepressants and anxiolytics. [57] In the 1990s, his wife suggested he had Asperger syndrome; after reading about the syndrome and taking a series of online tests, he agreed. It was discussed when he was younger, though he was not confident in the diagnostic criteria of the time. [181] Conversely, he said in an April 2018 interview with The Guardian that he had been diagnosed with Asperger syndrome at the age of 14. [182] In a 2001 interview, he said, "Polite conversation has never been one of my strong points. Just recently I actually found out that I'd got a mild form of Asperger's syndrome which basically means I have trouble interacting with people. For years, I couldn't understand why people thought I was arrogant, but now it all makes more sense." [183]

Numan published his autobiography, Praying to the Aliens, in 1997 (updated in 1998), in collaboration with Steve Malins, who also wrote the liner notes for most of the CD reissues of Numan's albums in the late 1990s, as well as executive producing the Hybrid album in 2003. [61] An updated autobiography, (R)evolution: The Autobiography, was published on 22 October 2020 and brings his career up to date from the earlier Praying to the Aliens. [20]

Numan is an atheist. [184]

He was an outspoken supporter of the Conservative Party and Margaret Thatcher after her election as Prime Minister. [185] [186] He later expressed regret for giving his public support, calling it "a noose around my neck". [187] He has previously said that he considers himself neither left- nor right-wing and that he did not support Tony Blair or David Cameron. [186] He also said, "I'm not socialist, I know that. I don't believe in sharing my money." [185] Numan is not overly politically engaged and distances himself from political commentary. [185]

Aviation career

Numan joined the Air Training Corps as a teenager, when he wanted to be either a pilot or a pop star. In 1978, he started learning to fly at Blackbushe Airport, but the success of his music career in 1979 meant that obtaining his pilot's licence was delayed until 17 December 1980. [188] [189] The following day; 18 December 1980, Numan bought his first aeroplane for £12,000; a Cessna 182 Skylane. On 1 July 1981, Numan founded Numanair, a small charter flight company operating from Blackbushe, and acquired a Cessna 210 Centurion (registered G-OILS) and a Piper PA-31 Navajo (registered G-NMAN). He also indulged his passion for motor racing in 1981 by sponsoring Mike Mackonochie who drove a Van Diemen RF81 in Numanair livery in the Formula Ford 1600 class. [189]

In November and December 1981, Numan successfully flew around the world in his Piper PA-31 Navajo with co-pilot Bob Thompson on their second attempt. The first attempt, in the Cessna 210 Centurion, had ended in India with Numan and Thompson being arrested on suspicion of smuggling and spying. [190] This aircraft was written off on 29 January 1982 when it ran out of fuel near Southampton and made a forced landing while Numan was flying on it as a passenger. [191] [192]

In 1984, Numan bought a Harvard T-6 trainer aircraft registered G-AZSC and had the aircraft painted to resemble a Japanese "Zero" fighter. He also gained a display pilot's licence and flew the machine on the UK air display circuit. He and friend Norman Lees, who also owned a Harvard, formed the Radial Pair, performing synchronised aerobatics from the 1992 air display season. Later they teamed up with other Harvard owners to fly up to five aircraft as the Harvard Formation Team [193] with Numan choreographing their aerobatic routines. [194]

Numan held licences for piston and turbine helicopters and had a fixed wing multi engined rating. He was an aerobatic flying instructor and was appointed by the Civil Aviation Authority as an air display pilot evaluator. [195] Then in 2005, after several of his friends and colleagues were killed in unrelated flying accidents, he gave up flying. In an interview in 2009 he said "I loved going to air shows, you'd bond really tightly with your team mates – it's an extreme thing to be doing, and you trust your life to them. And then it ended. I'd turn up and not know anyone. It got depressing. I'd sit down in the pilot's tent and there'd be all these people I'd not recognise. You'd look forward to someone turning up to have a chat with them, and they'd be dead." [196]

Numanair continued operating but after 31 years, with Numan and his family emigrating to the US, it was dissolved on 18 June 2013. [193]

Discography

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tubeway Army</span> English new wave band

Tubeway Army were a London-based new wave band led by lead singer Gary Numan. Formed at the height of punk rock in 1977, the band gradually changed to an electronic sound. They were the first band of the electronic era to have a synthesiser-based number-one hit, with their single "Are 'Friends' Electric?" and its parent album Replicas both topping the UK charts in mid-1979. After its release, Numan opted to drop the Tubeway Army name and release music under his own name as he was the sole songwriter, producer and public face of the band, but he retained the musicians from Tubeway Army as his backing band.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cars (song)</span> 1979 single by Gary Numan

"Cars" is the first solo single by English musician Gary Numan. It was released on 24 August 1979 and is from his debut studio album The Pleasure Principle. The song reached the top of the charts in several countries, and is Numan's most successful single.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Are "Friends" Electric?</span> 1979 single by Tubeway Army

"Are 'Friends' Electric?" is a 1979 song by the English band Tubeway Army. Taken from their album Replicas, it was released as a single in May 1979 and reached number one in the UK Singles Chart, staying there for four weeks. It was written and produced by Gary Numan, the band's frontman and lead vocalist. It was also the band's last single before breaking up.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ultravox</span> British new wave band

Ultravox were a British new wave band, formed in London in April 1974 as Tiger Lily. Between 1980 and 1986, they scored seven Top Ten albums and seventeen Top 40 singles in the UK, the most successful of which was their 1981 hit "Vienna".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alphaville (band)</span> German synth-pop band

Alphaville is a German synth-pop band formed in Münster in 1982. They gained popularity in the 1980s. The group was founded by singers Marian Gold, Bernhard Lloyd, and Frank Mertens. They achieved chart success with the singles "Forever Young", "Big in Japan", "Sounds Like a Melody", "The Jet Set", and "Dance with Me". Gold remains the only continuous original member of Alphaville. They took their name from Jean-Luc Godard's film Alphaville.

<i>Replicas</i> (album) 1979 studio album by Tubeway Army

Replicas is the second and final studio album by the English new wave band Tubeway Army, released on 6 April 1979 by Beggars Banquet Records. It followed their self-titled debut from the previous year. After this, Tubeway Army frontman Gary Numan would continue to release records under his own name, though the musicians in Tubeway Army would continue to work with him for some time. Replicas was the first album of what Numan later termed the "machine" phase of his career, preceding The Pleasure Principle (1979) and Telekon (1980), a collection linked by common themes of a dystopian science fiction future and transmutation of man/machine, coupled with an androgynous image and a synthetic rock sound.

<i>The Pleasure Principle</i> (album) 1979 studio album by Gary Numan

The Pleasure Principle is the debut solo studio album by the English new wave musician Gary Numan, released on 7 September 1979 by Beggars Banquet Records. The album came about six months after Replicas (1979), his second and final studio album with the band Tubeway Army. The Pleasure Principle peaked at No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart.

<i>Telekon</i> 1980 studio album by Gary Numan

Telekon is the second solo studio album by the English new wave musician Gary Numan. It debuted at the top of the UK Albums Chart in September 1980, making it his third consecutive No. 1 album. It was also the third and final studio release of what Numan retrospectively termed the "machine" section of his career, following Replicas and The Pleasure Principle.

<i>Pure</i> (Gary Numan album) 2000 studio album by Gary Numan

Pure is the fourteenth solo studio album by English musician Gary Numan, released in November 2000 by Eagle Records.

<i>Tubeway Army</i> (album) 1978 studio album by Tubeway Army

Tubeway Army is the debut studio album by the English new wave band Tubeway Army, released in 1978. Its initial limited-edition run of 5,000 sold out but did not chart. When reissued in mid-1979, following the success of the follow-up Replicas (1979), the more commonly known cover art featuring a stylised portrait of Gary Numan was introduced. This release made No. 14 in the UK Albums Chart.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">That's Too Bad</span> 1978 single by Tubeway Army

"That's Too Bad" is the debut single by Tubeway Army, the band which provided the initial musical vehicle for Gary Numan. It was released in February 1978 by independent London record label Beggars Banquet. On the day of its release, Numan quit his job in a warehouse to become a professional musician.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paul Gardiner</span> Musical artist

Paul Andrew Gardiner was a British musician who played bass guitar with Gary Numan and Tubeway Army, as well as creating material under his own name.

<i>I, Assassin</i> 1982 studio album by Gary Numan

I, Assassin is the fourth solo studio album by the English new wave musician Gary Numan, released on 10 September 1982 by Beggars Banquet. It peaked at No. 8 on the UK Album Chart. Three singles were released from the album: "Music for Chameleons", "We Take Mystery " and "White Boys and Heroes", all of which reached the UK Top 20.

<i>The Plan</i> (Tubeway Army album) 1984 compilation album by Gary Numan / Tubeway Army

The Plan is an archival compilation album of early demo recordings by British new wave band Tubeway Army, released in 1984.

<i>New Man Numan: The Best of Gary Numan</i> 1982 greatest hits album by Gary Numan

New Man Numan: The Best of Gary Numan is a compilation album released on the T.V. Records label in 1982 of songs featuring Gary Numan. The album reached number 45 on the UK Albums Chart.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gary Numan discography</span> Catalogue of published recordings by Gary Numan

The following is a comprehensive discography of Gary Numan, a British singer and musician. Numan released his first record in 1978 as part of the outfit Tubeway Army. Initially unsuccessful, the band scored a huge hit in 1979 with the single "Are Friends Electric" and their second album Replicas, both of which reached number one in the UK. Numan then decided to release further recordings under his own name, beginning with the single "Cars" later in 1979. Both this and the subsequent album The Pleasure Principle also reached number one in the UK, and Numan became a leading force in the British electronic music scene. He scored a third number one album in 1980 with Telekon, and more hit singles and albums until the mid 1980s when his popularity waned. Despite this, he has continued to record and tour on a regular basis up to the present day. His 2017 studio album, Savage , entered the UK Albums Chart at no. 2, which was Numan's highest chart peak since 1980. His most recent album, 2021's Intruder, also entered the UK charts at no. 2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jayce Lewis</span> Welsh musician

Jason Charles Lewis known professionally as Jayce Lewis is a Welsh musician from Bridgend, South Wales. In 2009 his self-produced single titled "Icon" achieved a top-10 chart position alongside VH1/MTV Asia Viacom18 features. With strong industrial music and synthpop influences, his music has been described as alternative rock with electronica roots and "tribal percussion". Lewis has collaborated with acts such as Queen, Rammstein and synthpop icon Gary Numan, for whom Lewis has been a supporting act three times.

<i>Dead Son Rising</i> 2011 studio album by Gary Numan

Dead Son Rising is the sixteenth solo studio album by English musician Gary Numan, released on 15 September 2011 by Mortal Records.

<i>Savage (Songs from a Broken World)</i> 2017 studio album by Gary Numan

Savage (Songs from a Broken World) is the eighteenth solo studio album by English musician Gary Numan, released on 15 September 2017 by BMG and The End. The album was first announced to be a part of a fan-backed Pledge Music Campaign on 12 November 2015. On 9 November 2018, a followup EP titled The Fallen was released. The EP features similar artwork to Savage, and it was intended to complement the album.

Radio Heart was a music project by Scottish brothers Hugh and David Nicholson, formerly of Blue, who are best known for their collaboration with Gary Numan in 1987.

References

  1. 1 2 3 John Paul Titlow (27 May 2016). "Gary Numan Thinks The Music Industry's Collapse Is A Beautiful Thing". Fast Company. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  2. ↑ Chiu, David (14 October 2013). "Gary Numan Overcomes 'Panic' to Cut New Album". Rolling Stone . Archived from the original on 24 July 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  3. ↑ Harper, Leah (3 November 2013). "Gary Numan's cultural highlights". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  4. ↑ Gallo, Phil (13 October 2014). "'80s New Wave Icon Gary Numan Returns to Film Scoring for the First Time in 23 Years". Billboard . Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  5. ↑ Wardle, Drew (8 March 2021). "Six definitive songs: The ultimate beginner's guide to Gary Numan". Far Out . UK. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  6. ↑ Wakefield, Rachel (8 April 2010). "Gary Numan: godfather of electronica". Enfield Independent. Newsquest Media Group, Ltd. Gannet. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  7. ↑ Walker, Johnny (4 November 1998). "Gary Numan Rides The Darkwave Back From 'Exile'". MTV News. Archived from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  8. ↑ "Gary Numan On World Cafe". NPR. 15 December 2011. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  9. ↑ Whittaker, Richard (14 March 2014). "SXSW Live Shot: Gary Numan". The Austin Chronicle . Archived from the original on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  10. ↑ Appleford, Steve (28 October 2013). "Out of the shadows with Gary Numan". Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
  11. ↑ Buckley, Peter (2003). The Rough Guide to Rock. Rough Guides. p. 735. ISBN   978-1-84353-105-0. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  12. 1 2 Huey, Steve. "Gary Numan Biography & History". AllMusic. Netaktion, Inc. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  13. ↑ Foley, Adrian. "Gary Numan - Biography". IMDB. Amazon. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  14. ↑ Rees, Dafydd; Crampton, Luke (1991). Rock Movers and Shakers: An A to Z of the People Who Made Rock Happen. ABC-CLIO. p. 366. ISBN   978-0874366617.
  15. ↑ Gary Numan (R)evolution: The Autobiography, Constable 2020, Chapter One
  16. ↑ Peach, Andrew. "80 things Slough has given the world80 things Slough has given the world". BBC Radio Berkshire. BBC. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  17. ↑ "While the other kids were at school, Gary Numan was looking at planes and practising his moves in the mirror". Loud and Quiet. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  18. ↑ Allen, Craig (22 March 2014). "Meet Gary Numan". New Jersey 101.5. Townsquare Media, Inc. Archived from the original on 19 June 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  19. ↑ Webber, Richard (22 January 2012). "Gary Numan: I had so much cash, all I wanted to do was spend". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  20. 1 2 (R)evolution: The Autobiography. London, England, UK: Little, Brown Book Group, Ltd. 22 October 2020. ISBN   978-1472134622. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  21. ↑ Neff, Joseph (10 December 2015). "Graded on a Curve: Gary Numan, Replicas, The Pleasure Principle, Telekon". The Vinyl District. Mom & Pop Shop Media. Archived from the original on 19 June 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  22. 1 2 "Numan, Gary - Replicas - The First Recordings". The Arkive. Beggars Group. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  23. ↑ Steve Malins (1999). The Plan 1999 reissue liner notes
  24. 1 2 3 "Synth Britannia (Part One: Alienated Synthesists)". Britannia . 16 October 2009. 41 minutes in. BBC Four. British Broadcasting Corporation. With sales totalling in excess of 10 million, Gary Numan...
  25. ↑ "Numan, Gary + Tubeway Army The Plan". The Arkive. Beggars Group. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  26. ↑ "Gary Numan - Bombers Lyrics". Lyrics.com. Stands4, LLC. Archived from the original on 26 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  27. ↑ "That's too bad - full Official Chart History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  28. 1 2 "Part 6: "Are friends electric? "". The history of electronic music within European pop?". Europopmusic. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  29. ↑ Steve Malins (1998). Tubeway Army 1998 reissued CD liner notes
  30. ↑ Chiu, David. "'Times Square': A Forgotten Punk And New Wave Movie Soundtrack Turns 40". Forbes. Archived from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  31. ↑ Pettigrew, Jason. "10 CLASSIC '80S UNDERGROUND MOMENTS FROM THE MOVIE 'URGH! A MUSIC WAR'". Alternative Press. Alternative Press, Inc. Archived from the original on 8 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  32. ↑ Simpson, Dave (18 February 2014). "Gary Numan and Mary Vango: how we made Are 'Friends' Electric?". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  33. ↑ "replicas - full Official Chart History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  34. 1 2 Gary Numan The Pleasure Principle - The First Recordings Archived 1 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine Beggars Arkive
  35. 1 2 Green, Thomas H (19 May 2012). "Q&A: Musician Gary Numan". The Arts Desk. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
  36. ↑ "cars - full Official Chart History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  37. ↑ "Image : RPM Weekly". Library and Archives Canada. Government of Canada. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  38. ↑ "Image : RPM Weekly". Library and Archives Canada. Government of Canada. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  39. ↑ "Gary Numan Chart History". Billboard. Billboard IP Holdings. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  40. ↑ "the pleasure principle - full Official Chart History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  41. ↑ "The Touring Principle '79 - Gary Numan". Encyclotronic. Invision Community. Retrieved 14 December 2020.[ permanent dead link ]
  42. ↑ "complex - full Official Chart History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  43. ↑ "telekon - full Official Chart History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  44. 1 2 3 4 "Gary Numan". Official Charts. Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  45. ↑ Gary Numan (1981). Living Ornaments '79/'80: LP Liner notes
  46. ↑ BANG Showbiz. "Gary Numan Regrets Early Retiring". MSN. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 26 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  47. ↑ Roper, Stephen (25 November 2018). "NASH THE SLASH: And You Thought You Were Normal". The Electricity Club. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  48. ↑ "TIK & TOK - HISTORY". Official Tik and Tok Website. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  49. ↑ "living ornaments 1979 1980 - full Official Chart History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  50. ↑ "living ornament 1979 - full Official Chart History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  51. ↑ "living ornament 1980 - full Official Chart History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  52. ↑ Simpson, Dave (4 August 2022). "Gary Numan: 'I thought my comeback would take four years – not 41!'". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  53. ↑ "she's got claws - full Official Chart History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  54. 1 2 "Gary Numan - Dance (Vinyl, LP, Album)". Discogs.com. 1981. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
  55. ↑ "Gary Numan and Dramatis - Love Needs No Disguise (1981, Vinyl)". Discogs. 5 December 1981. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  56. ↑ "Stormtrooper in Drag". Official Charts. Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  57. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Paul Lester (3 December 2009). "When Gary Numan met Little Boots". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  58. ↑ "I, Assassin - full Official Chart History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  59. ↑ Gary Numan, I, Assassin | The Arkive Archived 2 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine Beggars Banquet
  60. ↑ I, Assassin Tour US 1982 Archived 1 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine nureference.co.uk
  61. 1 2 Praying to the Aliens (2 ed.). Eastbourne, United Kingdom: Gardner's Books. 30 September 1998. ISBN   0233993371.
  62. ↑ Ankey, Jason. "Dick Morrissey". AllMusic. Netaktion, Inc. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  63. ↑ "Outland - full Official Chart History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  64. ↑ "Poster Publicity & Display Ltd". Search the Collections. Victoria and Albert Museum. 1983. Archived from the original on 19 June 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  65. ↑ Stanton, Mike (19 December 2018). "For The Love Of... Gary Numan". FourCulture Magazine. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  66. ↑ "Berserker - full Official Chart History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  67. ↑ Numan, Gary (2007). "Cold Warning DVD Extra" (Interview). Interviewed by Marc Rovira. UK: Mortal Records. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  68. 1 2 3 "SHARPE & NUMAN full Official Chart History". Official Charts. Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  69. ↑ "White Noise - full Official Chart History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  70. ↑ "The Live EP - full Official Record History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  71. ↑ "I Still Remember - full Official Chart History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  72. ↑ "Radio Heart | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company". Official Charts . Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
  73. ↑ "cars ('e' reg model) - full Official Charts History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  74. ↑ "Numa Records Ltd. Label Releases". Discogs. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  75. ↑ "Gary Numan". First Avenue. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  76. ↑ Gallo, Phil (19 September 2014). "Exclusive: Gary Numan's 'From Inside' Score Set for Release". Billboard. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  77. ↑ "Gary Numan and Michael R Smith* - Human Releases". Discogs. 1995. Archived from the original on 18 February 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  78. ↑ "Interview: Gary Numan" by Nick Pollard, Audio Addict, November 2011. archived at Archive.org
  79. ↑ Lindores, Mark (15 November 2023). "Album by Album – OMD". Classic Pop . Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  80. ↑ "Interview: Gary Numan - 5/16/98". Sonic-Boom Magazine. Archived from the original on 3 February 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  81. 1 2 Numan, Gary (April 2012). "Gary Numan on Trent Reznor". Electronic Beats. Telekom. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  82. ↑ Blackmarquis, Phil (9 March 2018). "Brave New World - An Interview with Gary Numan". Post-Punk.com. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  83. ↑ Gary Numan (8 October 2013). Gary Numan - What's In My Bag? (MP4). Hollywood, CA, USA: Amoeba Records. Event occurs at 07:42. cxuIOC0LJVY. Retrieved 26 January 2023. '...the best chorus ever.'
  84. ↑ Marszalek, Julian (6 December 2012). "Music For A Chameleon: Gary Numan's 13 Favourite Albums. Depeche Mode Songs of Faith and Devotion". The Quietus.
  85. ↑ "rip - full Official Charts History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  86. ↑ "GARY NUMAN VS RICO full Official Chart History". Official Charts. Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 20 June 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  87. ↑ "pray for you - full Official Chart History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  88. ↑ Webber, Richard (22 January 2012). "Gary Numan: I had so much cash, all I wanted to do was spend". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, Ltd. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  89. ↑ "Gary Numan's 2006 Concert & Tour History". Concert Archives. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  90. ↑ "the leather sea full Official Chart History". Official Charts. Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  91. ↑ "Gary Numan to perform album 'Replicas' live". Side-line.com. 2 November 2007. Archived from the original on 9 June 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  92. ↑ Youngs, Ian (9 January 2009). "BBC Sound of 2009: Little Boots". BBC News. BBC. Archived from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  93. ↑ Hall, Duncan (7 March 2008). "Gary Numan: Replicas Tour, Dome Concert Hall, Brighton, March 12". The Argus. Newsquest Media Group, Ltd. Gannet. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  94. ↑ "Gary Numan - Dead Son Rising (2011, CD)". Discogs. 15 September 2011. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  95. ↑ "Gary Numan - Splinter (Songs From a Broken Mind) - Releases". Discogs. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  96. ↑ "Gary Numan will perform 'Pleasure Principle' on tour (dates)". BrooklynVegan . 29 June 2010. Archived from the original on 4 June 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  97. ↑ Nieva, Selenna (18 April 2011). "Gary Numan to tour Australia". Valleyarm. Archived from the original on 23 April 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
  98. ↑ Savage, Mark (6 May 2011). "6Music News - Battles: Gloss Drop". BBC. Archived from the original on 7 May 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  99. ↑ "ATP Nightmare Before Christmas". Atpfestival.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  100. ↑ "Legendary new wave pioneer Gary Numan returns with "Dead Son Rising"". Magnetic Magazine. 1 September 2011. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  101. ↑ "Interview: Part One: Gary Numan". New-reviews.co.uk. 18 November 2011. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
  102. ↑ Numan, Gary (5 January 2012). "Tour Diary: Gary Numan". The Stool Pigeon. Archived from the original on 2 February 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  103. ↑ "Odokuro (2011) - Full Cast & Crew". IMDB. Amazon. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  104. ↑ Voltaire, Aurelio (11 December 2012). "ODOKURO by Aurelio Voltaire - (Full Movie - Official)". YouTube. Google. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  105. ↑ "Gary Numan Film Score for From Inside". Billboard. 13 October 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  106. ↑ "The guitarguitar Interview: Jayce Lewis | guitarguitar".
  107. ↑ "Gary Numan on Twitter: "I did a guest vocal on a track called Redesign for Jayce Lewis's Protafield project recently"". Twitter.com. 28 October 2014. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
  108. ↑ Tokarev, Sergey (8 November 2015). "The Evil Within Soundtrack - Long Way Down (End Credits Theme OST w/ Lyrics)". YouTube. Google. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  109. ↑ @bethesda (13 October 2021). "...@TheEvilWithin launched on October 14..." (Tweet). Retweeted by TheEvilWithin. Retrieved 26 January 2023– via Twitter.
  110. ↑ "Gary Numan - Eventim Apollo". Eventim Apollo. AEG Live. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  111. ↑ Amazon Editorial Reviews. "The Vows - Losing Myself In You". Amazon Music. Amazon. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  112. ↑ Amazon Editorial Reviews. "Vowws - The Great Sun". Amazon Music. Amazon. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  113. ↑ Carlson, Johan. "Jean-Michel Jarre Readies 'Electronica 2'..." Release Music Magazine. Release Musik & Media. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  114. ↑ Billboard Staff (10 May 2016). "Gary Numan Wins 2016 Moog Innovation Award". Billboard. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
  115. ↑ James, Hanley (18 May 2017). "All the winners from the 62nd Ivor Novello Awards". Music Week. Archived from the original on 21 May 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  116. ↑ "Winners Announced for the Ivor Novello Awards 2017" Archived 31 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine . The Ivors. Retrieved 31 December 2017
  117. ↑ "Bill Withers, Gary Numan among honorees at UK's prestigious Ivor Novello Awards". ABC News Radio. ABC Audio. Archived from the original on 20 December 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  118. ↑ "savage (songs from a broken world) - full Official Charts History". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  119. ↑ Rosenborg • •, Rutger (12 November 2017). "Gary Numan on Staying Relevant in a Broken World". Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  120. ↑ Newton, Thomas (22 September 2017). "Swipe: The 'Oscars of Tech' and Gary Numan". Sky News. Archived from the original on 24 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  121. ↑ "Gary Numan at Saint Andrews, 3 Things To Know". Archived from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
  122. ↑ "Man hit, killed by musician Gary Numan's tour bus in downtown Cleveland". 24 September 2018. Archived from the original on 24 September 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  123. ↑ "Twitter @numanofficial". Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  124. ↑ "How to Love a Machine with Gary Numan". YouTube. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  125. ↑ Skinner, Tom (19 May 2021). "Check out Gary Numan's UK 'Intruder' tour dates for 2022". NME. NME Networks. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  126. 1 2 Saperstein, Pat (21 May 2023). "Siouxsie and Iggy Pop to Play Cruel World Festival Rain Date Sunday After Lightning Forces Evacuation". Variety. Archived from the original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  127. ↑ Rocha, Isai (21 May 2023). "Cruel World Fest Continues Sunday After Abrupt Evacuation". LA Weekly . Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  128. ↑ Eames, Tom. "Gary Numan announces first ever acoustic tour for autumn 2023". Gold Radio. Global Radio. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  129. ↑ Johnson, Laura. "Gary Numan Announces The Pleasure Principles / Replicas 45th Anniversary UK Tour". Stereoboard. Eyedigit Limited. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  130. ↑ Ellen, Mark (17 September 1981). "Cash of the Titan". Smash Hits. p. 4-5.
  131. ↑ "Gary Numan Warriors". Beggars Banquet Archive.{{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)[ permanent dead link ]
  132. ↑ Praying to the Aliens: An Autobiography by Gary Numan with Steve Malins. (1997, André Deutsch Limited), p. 202
  133. ↑ Praying to the Aliens: An Autobiography by Gary Numan with Steve Malins. (1997, André Deutsch Limited), p. 210
  134. 1 2 "Gary Numan Interview". songwriter universe.com. 19 May 2021. Archived from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  135. ↑ "Gary Numan on the vagaries of musical fashion and doing it all in the box". musicradar.com. 18 April 2018. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  136. 1 2 3 4 Marszalek, Julian (6 December 2012). "Music For A Chameleon: Gary Numan's 13 Favourite Albums". The Quietus.
  137. ↑ Gary Numan, Tubeway Army The Plan, Beggars Banquet 1984 liner notes.
  138. 1 2 3 Wain, Stuart (12 May 2021). "Song From A Broken World: A look at the tumultuous musical career of Gary Numan". astralnoizeuk.com.
  139. ↑ Steve Malins, Gary Numan Dance, Beggars Banquet 1999 liner notes.
  140. ↑ Steve Malins, Berserker The Numa Years Eagle Records 1998 liner notes
  141. ↑ Mason, Adam (26 May 2020). "10 Key Tracks From the British Synthpop Boom of 1980". PopMatters . Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  142. ↑ Wylie, Lorraine (5 July 2021). "I stole my daughter's poem for my new album". Belfast Telegraph . Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  143. ↑ Power, Ed (6 November 2009). "Q&A: Gary Numan". Irish Independent . Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  144. ↑ Abbate, Vincent (December 2000). "Innocence Bleeding". 3:AM Magazine . Archived from the original on 20 June 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  145. ↑ Parker, Lyndsey (20 August 2019). "Synth pioneer Gary Numan talks life after 'Cars': 'Around 2008-2009, I got dark'". Yahoo!Life. Verizon Media. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  146. ↑ Young, Amy. "Gary Numan: 'Nostalgia is Something I Dislike With a Passion'". Phoenix New Times. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  147. ↑ Sherwin, Adam (18 October 2015). "Gary Numan interview: Pioneer of 'industrial music' on the nerves that almost ended his career". Independent. Independent Digital News & Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  148. ↑ "OMD: The New Theatre". Nightshift . No. 143. June 2007. p. 10.
  149. ↑ Edwards, Briony (20 February 2018). "The story behind the song: Kids in America by Kim Wilde | Louder". Loudersound.com. Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  150. ↑ "How We Wrote Our First Record: Tears For Fears revisit 'The Hurting'". Vice.com. 22 January 2014. Archived from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  151. ↑ Keiran Suchak 35 Years of Gary Numan Archived 15 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine The Gryphon 29 October 2015
  152. ↑ Epting, Chris (16 October 2013). "Gary Numan Discusses Influencing NIN and Marilyn Manson + Making New Album 'Splinter (Songs From a Broken Mind)'". Diffuser.fm. Townsquare Media. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  153. 1 2 Ange Chan (5 September 2020). "Gary Numan's Telekon at 40". wearecult.rocks.
  154. ↑ "Gary Numan interview". gq-magazine.com. 23 October 2020. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  155. ↑ Wiederhorn, Jon (28 July 2018). "6 THINGS YOU DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT FEAR FACTORY'S 'OBSOLETE'". Revolver. Project M Group LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  156. ↑ Marszalek, Julian (6 December 2012). "Music For A Chameleon: Gary Numan's 13 Favourite Albums". The Quietus. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  157. ↑ Sally Williams (16 November 2009). "Gary Numan: 'Dave Grohl is very nice man'". WalesOnline. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  158. ↑ "The X-Files - Songs In The Key Of X". Discogs. 1996. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  159. ↑ Tauber, Sami (10 December 2019). "Gary Numan and His Reinvention". Fashion Industry Broadcast. Desire Groupe. Archived from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  160. ↑ NIN: "Metal" with Gary Numan (MP4) (YouTube). London, UK: Nine Inch Nails. 22 October 2009. Event occurs at 00:35. Archived from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  161. ↑ Sacher, Andrew (17 December 2018). "Nine Inch Nails wrapped up tour in LA w/ Gary Numan, Mike Garson & more". Brooklyn Vegan. Archived from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  162. ↑ "CMJ New Music Monthly". CMJ Holdings Corp. May 1998. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  163. ↑ "Marilyn Manson joins Gary Numan Onstage". MTV News. MTV. Archived from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  164. ↑ "Marilyn Manson - Lunchbox (CD)". Discogs. Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  165. ↑ "Basement Jaxx". Billboard. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  166. ↑ Hubbard, Michael (2 August 2002). "Interview: Gary Numan". MusicOMH. OMH. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  167. ↑ Kearney, Ryan (21 November 2000). "Nine Inch Nails:Things Falling Apart Album Review". Pitchfork. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  168. ↑ "Afrika Bambaataa Featuring Gary Numan - Metal (2004, Vinyl)". Discogs. Archived from the original on 19 February 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  169. ↑ "Gary Numan - Cars (E-Reg Model)". Discogs. September 1987. Archived from the original on 19 February 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  170. ↑ Barber, Nicholas (31 March 1996). "A CASE OF BEER TODAY, GONE TOMORROW?". Independent. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  171. ↑ "Koochy". NME. BandLab Technologies. 12 September 2005. Archived from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  172. ↑ "See Gary Numan Get Freaky With Sugababes". Uncut. BandLab Technologies. 13 February 2007. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  173. ↑ Manchester Evening News accessed 01/03/08 Archived 19 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  174. ↑ "HOW WE MET – An Interview with GARY NUMAN AND GEMMA WEBB". The Independent. UK. 21 September 1997. Archived from the original on 24 May 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  175. ↑ "Gary Numan feels dirty and in need of a shower after playing old songs". 28 July 2017. Archived from the original on 2 April 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  176. ↑ "'My Name Is Ruin' New Single & Video Shoot - Gary Numan The official website". 22 June 2017. Archived from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  177. ↑ Membery, York (28 October 2018). "Gary Numan: Cars? Yes, I want two . . . plus a boat and a plane". The Sunday Times. ISSN   0956-1382. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  178. ↑ David, Mark (30 April 2012). "Electro-pop Pioneer Gary Numan Sells U.K. Country House and Decamps to Santa Monica (CA)". Variety. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  179. ↑ NuWorld News. Retrieved 12 February 2007. Archived 4 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  180. ↑ Quick, Quentin (17 November 2017). "Gary Numan Is Happy and Living in California". SF Weekly. Archived from the original on 19 November 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  181. ↑ "Gary Numan – Numan Convinced He Has Asperger's". Contact News. US. 25 February 2008. Archived from the original on 6 January 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  182. ↑ Segalov, Michael (28 April 2018). "Gary Numan: 'Eye contact is something I find incredibly difficult' - This much I know". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  183. ↑ Buncombe, Andrew (8 January 2007). "Asperger's syndrome: The ballad of Nikki Bacharach". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 24 June 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
  184. ↑ "Gary Numan - Interviews - Fortean Times". 25 November 2012. Archived from the original on 25 November 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  185. 1 2 3 Gary Numan: Numan remains. The Independent . Published 27 January 2003.
  186. 1 2 Gary Numan on Britain's New Tories, Skrufff.com, 7 February 2006. Archived 6 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  187. ↑ Skruff, Jonty. "Gary Numan Reserves Judgement on Britain's New Tories". Higher Frequency. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  188. ↑ Numan, Gary (17 November 2013). "Who'd have thought it…Gary Numan loves taking a flight of fancy". Express.co.uk. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  189. 1 2 "Numanair". www.numanme.co.uk. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  190. ↑ Dehn, Georgia (9 July 2012). "World of Gary Numan, musician". Daily Telegraph. ISSN   0307-1235. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  191. ↑ Dehn, Georgia (9 July 2012). "World of Gary Numan, musician Singer Gary Numan talks to Georgia Dehn about his daily routine, flying around the world in his Piper Navajo and the importance of marriage". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  192. ↑ Ranter, Harro. "Incident Cessna T210L G-OILS, 29 Jan 1982". aviation-safety.net. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  193. 1 2 "Postcards from Slough - Gary Numan". www.postcards-from-slough.co.uk. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  194. ↑ Turner, Luke. "GARY NUMAN: A MAGNIFICENT MAN AND HIS FLYING MACHINES". T6 Harvard Ltd. Sysgage. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  195. ↑ "Radial Pair display team". www.numanme.co.uk. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  196. ↑ "Things I Have Learned | Gary Numan: A Magnificent Man And His Flying Machines". The Quietus. 17 November 2009. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2019.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.