Joseph Mallord William Turner, known in his time as William Turner, was an English Romantic painter, printmaker and watercolourist. He is known for his expressive colouring, imaginative landscapes and turbulent, often violent marine paintings. He left behind more than 550 oil paintings, 2,000 watercolours, and 30,000 works on paper. He was championed by the leading English art critic John Ruskin from 1840, and is today regarded as having elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting.
The art of Ancient Rome, and the territories of its Republic and later Empire, includes architecture, painting, sculpture and mosaic work. Luxury objects in metal-work, gem engraving, ivory carvings, and glass are sometimes considered to be minor forms of Roman art, although they were not considered as such at the time. Sculpture was perhaps considered as the highest form of art by Romans, but figure painting was also highly regarded. A very large body of sculpture has survived from about the 1st century BC onward, though very little from before, but very little painting remains, and probably nothing that a contemporary would have considered to be of the highest quality.
Sir Charles Lock Eastlake was a British painter, gallery director, collector and writer of the 19th century. After a period as keeper, he was the first director of the National Gallery. From 1850 to 1865 he served as President of the Royal Academy, succeeding Martin Archer Shee in the role.
Events in the year 1822 in Art.
The Tower of Babel was the subject of three paintings by Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painter Pieter Bruegel the Elder. The first, a miniature painted on ivory, was painted in 1552–1553 while Bruegel was in Rome, and is now lost. The two surviving works are oil paintings on wood panels, sometimes distinguished by the prefix "Great" and "Little" and by their present location: Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien in Vienna and the latter in the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam. The Tower of Babel in Vienna is dated 1563, while the version is Rotterdam is undated but widely believed to have been painted sometime after.
Modern Rome – Campo Vaccino is a landscape by British artist Joseph Mallord William Turner completed in 1839. It is Turner's final painting of Rome and had been in the possession of the family of the 5th Earl of Rosebery since 1878, until the painting came to auction, 7 July 2010. It was bought by the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, and was subject to an export bar to allow a British gallery time to attempt to match the Getty's bid.
Paul Huet was a French painter and printmaker born in Paris. He studied under Gros and Guerin. He met the English painter Richard Parkes Bonington in the studio of Gros, where he studied irregularly from 1819 to 1822. Bonington's example influenced Huet to reject neoclassicism and instead paint landscapes based on close observation of nature. The British landscape paintings exhibited in the Salon of 1824 were a revelation to Huet, who said of Constable's work: "It was the first time perhaps that one felt the freshness, that one saw a luxuriant, verdant nature, without blackness, crudity or mannerism." Huet's subsequent work combined emulation of the English style with inspiration derived from Dutch and Flemish old masters such as Rubens, Jacob van Ruisdael, and Meindert Hobbema.
Adriaen de Bie was a Flemish painter, who is known for portraits, biblical scenes for churches and Italianate landscapes. In his youth he travelled to Paris and resided for a long period in Italy. He trained in Antwerp and was the father of the poet and artist biographer Cornelis de Bie.
Hendrik Frans van Lint was a Flemish landscape and vedute painter who was part of the group of Flemish and Dutch painters active in Rome. He was one of the leading landscape painters in Rome in the first half of the 18th century and his patrons included Rome's old aristocratic families as well as European travellers on their Grand Tour.
Erasmus de Bie (1629–1675) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while.
Lord Byron's Dream is a landscape painting by the British artist and future president of the Royal Academy Charles Lock Eastlake, from 1827.
Branch Hill Pond, Hampstead Heath is a landscape painting by the British artist John Constable. Painted between 1824 and 1825 it depicts the view from Branch Hill in Hampstead. Constable had lived in Hampstead, then beyond the outskirts of London, since 1819 and painted many views of the area. It was sold in 1825 to the collector Francis Darby. The painting shows some carts in the foreground as well as Branch Hill Pond. In the background are the fields around Harrow and the villages of Kilburn and Hendon. In the extreme distance is Windsor Castle.
The Opening of Waterloo Bridge is an 1832 history painting by the British artist John Constable. It depicts the scene on 18 June 1817 when the newly constructed Waterloo Bridge across the River Thames in London was ceremonially opened by the Prince Regent. To distinguish it from other works of the scene by Constable and others, it is known by the longer alternative title Embarkation of George IV from Whitehall: The Opening of Waterloo Bridge, 1817.
Newsmongers is an 1821 genre painting by the Scottish artist David Wilkie. It portrays a group gathered around a man and woman holding up a newspaper. The group includes a baker carrying a pie and roast joint. The news being read is not specified, but its been speculated that might be news of the Napoleonic Wars or the more recent Trial of Queen Caroline.
A Distant View of St-Omer is a c.1824 landscape painting by the British artist Richard Parkes Bonington. Bonington moved to France when he was fourteen and became known for his views of the French countryside and coasts. This painting depicts the town of Saint-Omer on River Aa in Picardy from a distance. A rural scene, the skyline of Saint-Omer and its taller, church buildings is dominated by the clouds and the near countryside.
A Fishmarket near Boulogne is an 1824 landscape painting by the British artist Richard Parkes Bonington. Born in England, he moved with his family to France shortly after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. He became celebrated for his views of the French countryside and coasts before his early death from tuberculosis. The painting, one of his earliest oil on canvas works, shows a fish market somewhere on the French coast. Painted while he was staying in Dunkirk, its identification as representing Boulogne only came several decades later.
The Celian Hill from the Palatine is an 1823 landscape painting by the British artist Charles Lock Eastlake. It depicts a scene of the Celian Hill in Rome as viewed from the Palatine Hill, notable for the ancient walls and Renaissance churches.
Josephine and the Fortune-Teller is an 1837 history painting by the British artist David Wilkie. It depicts a story about the young Joséphine de Beauharnais visiting a fortune teller on her native island of Martinique, who predicts her future in France as the wife of Emperor Napoleon.
A View of Trajan's Forum, Rome is an 1821 landscape painting by the British artist Charles Lock Eastlake. It depicts a view of Trajan's Forum in Rome, dominated by Trajan's Column. The scene features both remains of Ancient Rome and much later buildings. Eastlake lived in Rome from 1816 to 1830, at a time when British artists were able to visit the city following the end of the Napoleonic Wars. He produced a number of views of the city, some of which he sent back to exhibit at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibitions.
Evening: Landscape with an Aqueduct is an 1818 landscape painting by the French artist Théodore Géricault.
