The Doe Fund

Last updated
The Doe Fund
Founded1985
Type501(c)(3) non-profit
Location
  • New York, NY
Area served
New York, NY and Philadelphia, PA.
MethodPaid transitional work and housing; occupational training and life skills
Budget
$55 million annual operating budget
Website http://www.doe.org

The Doe Fund is a nonprofit organization in the United States that provides paid transitional work, housing, educational opportunities, counseling, and career training to people with histories of homelessness, incarceration, and substance abuse.

Contents

The Doe Fund runs Ready, Willing & Able, a "work first" program contracted to New York City; the program aims to secure permanent housing and employment for the homeless and to break the cycles of homelessness, addiction and criminal recidivism.

Origins

The Doe Fund was founded in 1985 by George T. McDonald [1] during a sharp rise in homelessness in New York City. [2] McDonald, an executive in the private sector at that time, began by distributing food to homeless people on the floor of Grand Central Terminal for 700 consecutive nights. [1] McDonald later recalled people telling him "'…this is a great sandwich, but I really wish I had a room to stay in and a job to pay for it.' People wanted to work, and I wanted to help." [3] George McDonald's beliefs differ from many other homeless activists; he is more conservative and places an emphasis on putting the homeless to work, a philosophy referred to as "work-first." [4]

Leadership and early history

George McDonald, founder of The Doe Fund, was working as a garment industry executive when he became conscious of New York's growing homeless population. He was motivated to do something about it by the teachings of his Catholic school education stressing the importance of community service and supporting those who are less fortunate. [1]

He started by handing out sandwiches at Grand Central Terminal while running for United States Congress. Though his three runs were unsuccessful, the visibility he gained from campaigning provided him a platform from which to advocate for the homeless. [5]

In 1985, a homeless woman known only as "Mama"—whom had fed and befriended—died of exposure, the result of spending the night on a concrete sidewalk after being ejected from Grand Central Terminal on Christmas Eve by Metro-North police, despite her pneumonia and the freezing temperatures outside. The incident led McDonald to redirect his executive career to focus on providing the homeless with a way off the streets. He created the organization he called The Doe Fund in honor of “Mama Doe.” [6] [7] [8]

Doe Fund founder and president George T. McDonald GeorgeWikiPhoto.jpg
Doe Fund founder and president George T. McDonald

Three years later, he lost another homeless friend from the terminal. According to news accounts at that time, April Savino was a spirited and smart but crack-addicted teenager, who, having lost all hope for a better life, took her own life on the steps of Saint Agnes Church on East 43rd St. [9]

At her funeral, McDonald gave the eulogy [10] and afterwards was approached by Harriet Karr-McDonald (then Harriet Karr), a screenwriter and actress [11] from Beverly Hills. [12]

Karr-McDonald, who grew up in Greenwich Village, became close to April while in New York researching a screenplay about homeless people living in Grand Central Terminal. Karr-McDonald had arranged for her to enter a rehabilitation center. Once April completed treatment, Karr-McDonald intended to adopt her and bring her home - but April hid from her on the day they were scheduled to leave New York. Karr-McDonald has said her inability to save April influenced her decision to devote her life to the homeless and move to New York to work with George McDonald. [10] Within six months, the two were married and subsequently established further Doe Fund initiatives together. [12]

As The Doe Fund's Executive Vice President, Karr-McDonald presided over development of the organization's programs and its fund-raising efforts. [13]

On January 8, 2021, it was announced that Karr-McDonald would succeed her husband as CEO of The Doe Fund. [14] Later that month, on January 26, McDonald died of complications related to lung cancer at the age of 76. [15]

Ready, Willing & Able

Since 1990, the Doe Fund has won more than $262 million in contracts from New York City, primarily for Ready, Willing & Able, a transitional project to employ and house the homeless. [16] Performance evaluations of Ready, Willing, & Able by the city have been mixed. [16]

Work includes cleaning litter and working on shelters. [17] The project is supported by both the city and by private donations; Michael R. Bloomberg was a major donor in the past. [16] [18] [19] The Doe Fund's recent contracts were awarded via "negotiated acquisition", which limits the amount of competition for them. [4]

To enter the program, participants must pledge abstinence from using drugs and alcohol, forego entitlements (with the exception of Medicaid), and agree to submit to random, twice-weekly drug tests. They also must sign waivers allowing The Doe Fund to identify orders for any current or past child support they may owe. Once accepted, they move into one of Ready, Willing & Able's dormitory-style residences, and, following a month of counseling and orientation during which they receive a small weekly stipend, they are put to work for 30 hours a week and are paid the state minimum wage. All are first assigned to a Ready, Willing & Able cleaning crew, after which they can transition to work in the culinary arts, as drivers, on security details, or in other assignments—most of these positions created by The Doe Fund's various social entrepreneurial ventures. All take classes in life and computer skills, job preparation and financial management. After three months, they are offered occupational training in fields that include culinary arts, green building maintenance and pest control. [20] Graduation from the program comes 9–12 months later, once they have found full-time employment, are living in their own non-subsidized apartments, maintaining complete sobriety and, if applicable, paying child support. [21] Sixty-two percent graduate from the program. [22]

A Harvard University study by criminal justice expert Dr. Bruce Western [23] which tracked Ready, Willing & Able's formerly incarcerated clients for two years after their graduations, found that they were 45% less likely to be reconvicted than other parolees. [24] A follow-up study by Western found that they were 60% less likely to be convicted of a felony than other parolees within three years. The resulting savings in social service and criminal justice expenses exceeded the program's costs by 21%, the study found. [20]

Social ventures

The Doe Fund operates social entrepreneurial ventures that provide paid apprenticeships and career training to Ready, Willing & Able trainees, [25] including:

Funding

While some of The Doe Fund's projects are self-sustaining, the charity also receives funding from major corporations, foundations, and private individuals, including Michael Bloomberg. [16] It has received multiple grants from the Carnegie Corporation, which has supported more than 550 New York City arts and social service institutions since its inception in 2002. [28] In June 2011, The Doe Fund was one of seven organizations to receive a grant from the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) through the Enhanced Transitional Jobs Demonstration program. The $5.6 million award was given to support the Ready, Willing & Able transitional jobs program and was earmarked to help parolees—many of them non-custodial parents—gain employment and stay out of prison. [29] The DOL set a goal for the funded programs to cut their participants expected criminal recidivism rates by half. [30]

Awards

The work of The Doe Fund and its founder has received numerous awards and honors. The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has given it multiple honors, including HUD's first-ever Award for Best Practices, instituted in 1999. [31]

The Manhattan Institute for Policy Research awarded the William E. Simon Prize for Lifetime Achievement in Social Entrepreneurship to McDonald in 2008 for his work-based programs to reduce homelessness and criminal recidivism. The institute credited McDonald with “changing the way the problem of homelessness is understood, going far beyond the provision of shelter to help former street people and prisoners regain their self-respect and become productive citizens.” [32] Also in 2008, St. John's University awarded McDonald its Spirit of Service Award and the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness presented The Doe Fund with its 2008 Innovator of Special Merit Award. [33]

McDonald was honored personally in 2004 with a New York Post Liberty Medal Award, which the newspaper bestows annually upon individuals who “epitomize the city’s unsung heroes.” [34]

Criticism

Early in The Doe Fund's existence, McDonald got in disputes with New York's Coalition for the Homeless for whom he used to volunteer. At issue was the fact that Ready, Willing & Able charged the homeless to stay in their city-financed shelters. [35] [36]

In 2006, the U.S. Department of Labor conducted audits of each of its Welfare-to-Work contracts, one of which had been awarded to The Doe Fund. The initial audit report stated that approximately $1.6 million of a $5 million grant was improperly allocated, [37] though this finding was revised in a subsequent 2008 review, which determined that more than two-thirds of the previously disallowed funds had been properly administered. [38]

The New York Daily News said McDonald had blurred the lines between his personal and professional life by pocketing the $100,000 honorarium accompanying the 2008 William E. Simon Prize for Lifetime Achievement in Social Entrepreneurship. The Daily News said it was intended for his charity, though The Doe Fund's board voted to award it to him for his leadership. [39] The Manhattan Institute issued a clarification stating that these honoraria are awarded to individuals "in the tradition of Nobel Prize and MacArthur 'genius' awards" and that the money was intended for McDonald individually. The Manhattan Institute has since presented honorarium checks in the name of the award winner, as was customary before they began administering the prize in 2007. [40]

In 2009, the New York Post criticized the charity, questioning the compensation it paid McDonald. [41] In a response letter, the chairman of The Doe Fund's board of directors wrote that their executive compensation is comparable to other non-profit organizations of a similar size and complexity. [42] The Better Business Bureau (BBB) said that The Doe Fund meets all 20 BBB Standards for Charity Accountability, and that McDonald's salary is less than 1% of the organization's operating budget. [43]

A 2010 report by The New York Times questioned whether donations to The Doe Fund by New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg or his charities were an attempt to influence testimony in support of Bloomberg's 2008 bid to overturn term limits. After Bloomberg's requests for testimony from charities he supported, McDonald and about 20 Doe Fund employees testified in City Council hearings in favor of easing term limits. Bloomberg had been a Doe Fund supporter since "long before he first ran for office," according to a mayoral spokesman, and had made large contributions in the years before and after the hearing. A Doe Fund spokesman quoted in the report said McDonald had given continued "vocal opposition to term limits" for city officials since 1993 when he supported the Coalition for Voters Choice in its unsuccessful efforts to prevent the term limits measure from becoming law. [44]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Bloomberg</span> American businessman and politician (born 1942)

Michael Rubens Bloomberg is an American businessman and politician. He is the majority owner and co-founder of Bloomberg L.P., and was its CEO from 1981 to 2001 and again from 2014 to 2023. He served as the mayor of New York City for three terms from 2002 to 2013 and was a candidate for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president of the United States. In 2024, Bloomberg received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Joe Biden. He has served as chair of the Defense Innovation Board, an independent advisory board that provides recommendations on artificial intelligence, software, data and digital modernization to the United States Department of Defense, since June 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Judith Giuliani</span> American fundraiser (born 1954)

Judi Ann Stish Ross Nathan Giuliani is an American registered nurse, former medical sales executive, charity fundraiser, and ex-wife of former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani. She was a managing director of philanthropic consulting firm Changing Our World and a founding board member of the Twin Towers Fund.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stephen A. Schwarzman</span> American businessman and investor (born 1947)

Stephen Allen Schwarzman is an American businessman. He is the chairman and CEO of the Blackstone Group, a global private equity firm he established in 1985 with Peter G. Peterson. Schwarzman was chairman of former President Donald Trump's Strategic and Policy Forum.

<i>Bloomberg Businessweek</i> American weekly business magazine

Bloomberg Businessweek, previously known as BusinessWeek, is an American monthly business magazine published 12 times a year. Since 2009, the magazine is owned by New York City-based Bloomberg L.P. The magazine debuted in New York City in September 1929.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steve Cohen (businessman)</span> American billionaire hedge-fund manager, sports team owner (born 1956)

Steven A. Cohen is an American hedge-fund manager and owner of the New York Mets of Major League Baseball since September 14, 2020, owning just over 97% of the team. He is the founder of hedge fund Point72 Asset Management and S.A.C. Capital Advisors, which closed after pleading guilty to insider trading and other financial crimes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bridgewater Associates</span> U.S. based investment management firm

Bridgewater Associates, LP is an American investment management firm founded by Ray Dalio in 1975. The firm serves institutional clients including pension funds, endowments, foundations, foreign governments, and central banks. As of 2022, Bridgewater has posted the second highest gains of any hedge fund since its inception in 1975. The firm began as an institutional investment advisory service, graduated to institutional investing, and pioneered the risk parity investment approach in 1996.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christine Quinn</span> American politician

Christine Callaghan Quinn is an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, she formerly served as the Speaker of the New York City Council. The third person to hold this office, she was the first female and first openly gay speaker. She ran to succeed Michael Bloomberg as the city's mayor in the 2013 mayoral election, but lost the Democratic primary. Quinn is a political contributor on CNN and MSNBC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Catholic Charities USA</span> Network of charities with headquarters in Alexandria, Virginia

Catholic Charities USA is the national voluntary membership organization for Catholic Charities agencies throughout the United States and its territories. Catholic Charities USA is a member of Caritas Internationalis, an international federation of Catholic social service organizations. Catholic Charities USA is the national office of 167 local Catholic Charities agencies nationwide.

Kushner Companies LLC is an American real estate developer in the New York City metropolitan area. The company's biggest presence is in the New Jersey residential market.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Breaking Ground</span> Nonprofit organization in New York City

Breaking Ground, formerly Common Ground, is a nonprofit social services organization in New York City whose goal is to create high-quality permanent and transitional housing for the homeless. Its philosophy holds that supportive housing costs substantially less than homeless shelters — and many times less than jail cells or hospital rooms, and that people with psychiatric and other problems can better manage them once they are permanently housed and provided with services. Since its founding in 1990 by Rosanne Haggerty, the organization has created more than 5,000 units of housing for the homeless. "This is about creating a small town, rather than just a building," according to Haggerty. "It's about a real mixed society, working with many different people." Haggerty left the organization in 2011 to found Community Solutions, Inc. Brenda Rosen was promoted from Director, Housing Operations and Programs to Executive Director, and has led the organization since.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyrus Vance Jr.</span> American attorney and politician (born 1954)

Cyrus Roberts Vance Jr. is an American attorney and politician who served as the District Attorney of New York County, New York. He was previously a principal partner at the law firm of Morvillo, Abramowitz, Grand, Iason, Anello, & Bohrer, P.C. He is the son of Cyrus Vance Sr., former Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter. Vance did not seek reelection as District Attorney in the 2021 election, and was succeeded by Alvin Bragg. He is currently a partner at Baker McKenzie.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clara White Mission</span> Non-profit organization

The Clara White Mission (CWM) is a non-profit organization in Jacksonville, Florida, USA, founded by Dr. Eartha M. M. White that advocates for the poor and provides social services. According to its website, "The Clara White Mission is to reduce homelessness through advocacy, housing, job training and employment by partnering with business and local community resources." CWM has created an extensive and diverse network of public and private funding sources.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2013 New York City mayoral election</span>

The 2013 New York City mayoral election occurred on November 5, 2013, along with elections for Comptroller, Public Advocate, Borough President, and members of the New York City Council. The incumbent mayor of New York City, Michael Bloomberg, a Republican-turned-Independent, was term-limited and thus unable to seek re-election to a fourth term in office.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Howard Lutnick</span> American billionaire businessman (born 1961)

Howard William Lutnick is an American billionaire businessman, who succeeded Bernard Gerald Cantor as the head of Cantor Fitzgerald. Lutnick is the chairman and CEO of Cantor Fitzgerald and BGC Partners. After losing 658 employees, including his brother, in the September 11 attacks, Lutnick survived the collapse of towers on the ground, and has become known for his charity efforts through the Cantor Fitzgerald Relief Fund, which helps to aid families of the attacks and natural disasters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of New York</span>

Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of New York is one of the largest charitable organizations in the New York metropolitan area. It is a federation made up of 90 social service agencies throughout the 10 counties of the Archdiocese of New York - Bronx, Dutchess, New York, Orange, Putnam, Richmond, Rockland, Sullivan, Ulster and Westchester. It is part of a nationwide network of local human service organizations that form Catholic Charities USA—the fourth-largest social service provider in the United States, according to Forbes, and the 10th largest fundraising organization in the United States, according to The Chronicle of Philanthropy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John J. Studzinski</span> American-British investment banker and philanthropist

John Joseph Paul Studzinski, CBE is an American-British investment banker and philanthropist. Since September 2018 he has been Managing Director and Vice Chairman of the global investment-management firm PIMCO.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Business career of Donald Trump</span> Business Career of the 45th President of the United States

Donald Trump began his career as a businessman at his father's real estate company, Trump Management, which he later renamed the Trump Organization. He expanded its business to Manhattan, where his father's financial and political backing enabled him to do his first deals, demolishing and renovating landmark buildings. Trump entered various businesses that did not require capital funding, including licensing his name to lodging and golf course enterprises around the world. Building on his public persona in the New York tabloid press, he later starred in the reality TV show The Apprentice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karen Goh</span> American politician and non-profit executive from California

Karen K. Goh is an American politician and non-profit organization executive serving as the 26th and current mayor of Bakersfield, California. Before becoming mayor of Bakersfield, Goh was a non-profit executive at Garden Pathways. Goh is Bakersfield's first mayor of Asian descent. Goh defeated her opponent Kyle Carter with 52.75% of the votes. Goh was elected into office during November 2016, and was re-elected to an additional four-year term in March 2020, operating under a council manager form of government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George T. McDonald</span> American social worker and philanthropist (1944–2021)

George Thomas McDonald was an American philanthropist and social worker who was known for being the founder of homeless advocacy group The Doe Fund.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jean Webster (cook)</span> American cook and charity worker (1935–2011)

Jean Webster was an American cook who operated Sister Jean's Kitchen, a soup kitchen in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Webster began serving free meals to the poor of the city out of her own home in 1986, cooked in her personal kitchen. Eventually her informal charity expanded into a substantial operation that moved to Victory First Presbyterian Deliverance Church. Food was available to any and all who came. At its height, Sister Jean's Kitchen served over 400 people per day with hot meals.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Richardson, Lynda (June 4, 2003). "Public Lives; A Blue Jumpsuit and a Path to Self-Sufficiency". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  2. ↑ "Basic Facts About Homelessness". Coalition for the Homeless. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
  3. ↑ Anthony, Attiyya (25 March 2011). "Ready, Willing & Able Celebrates 20th Year". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  4. 1 2 McGowan, Kathleen (February 28, 2000). "How The Doe Rises". City Limits Magazine. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  5. ↑ Miller, Samantha (November 30, 1998). "Task Master". People Magazine. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  6. ↑ Goldman, Henry (November 24, 1997). "Trainees Gaining Jobs And Losing Addictions. N.Y. fund helps vagrants clean up streets - and lives". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  7. ↑ Barry, Dan (December 24, 2005). "About New York; They Gather To Remember Mama". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  8. ↑ Jenkins, Brian (December 25, 1995). "Mama Doe -- and other homeless -- remembered at Christmas". CNN. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  9. ↑ Hevesi, Dennis (2 October 1988). "Running Away". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  10. 1 2 "Harriet McDonald speaks at The Doe Fund's 2009 Gala". The Doe Fund. Archived from the original on 2021-12-14. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  11. ↑ "Harriet Karr". IMDb. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  12. 1 2 "About Us: Founders". The Doe Fund. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  13. ↑ Roug, Louise (April 29, 2008). "Charities feel Wall Street's pain". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  14. ↑ Prest, M.J. (8 January 2021). "Dana Foundation Will Install New President in March". www.philanthropy.com. The Chronicle of Philanthropy. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  15. ↑ Annese, John; Greene, Leonard (27 January 2021). "George McDonald, who founded NYC homeless advocacy nonprofit The Doe Fund, dead at 76". nydailynews.com. Retrieved 2021-01-27.
  16. 1 2 3 4 Kovaleski, Serge F. (7 August 2010). "Charity Backing Bloomberg 3rd Term Got Millions". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2022-04-30– via NYTimes.com.
  17. ↑ Lambert, Bruce (December 25, 1994). "Cleaning Streets and Changing Images". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
  18. ↑ Allon, Janet (April 27, 1997). "Putting Out Word on Picking Up Trash". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
  19. ↑ Allon, Janet (September 7, 1997). "The Lives Behind The Brooms". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
  20. 1 2 Sirois, C.; Western, B. (2010), "An Evaluation of "Ready, Willing & Able"", Internal RWA Study, The Doe Fund, New York, New York{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  21. ↑ Fastenberg, Dan (October 4, 2011). "Doe Fund Helps Ex-Cons Join Ranks of the Employed". AOL Jobs. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  22. ↑ Toscano, John (April 16, 2008). "Community Clean Up, Jobs Rehab Program Gets $564 G Fed Grant". Western Queens Gazette. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  23. ↑ "The Right Way to Handle Former Inmates". The New York Times. November 29, 2007.
  24. ↑ Jacobs, E.; Western, B. (2007), "Report on the Evaluation of the ComALERT Prisoner Reentry Program", ComALERT study, Kings County District Attorney, Brooklyn, New York{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  25. ↑ "Ready Willing & Able Work Assignments". The Doe Fund. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  26. ↑ "Pest at Rest". Pest at Rest. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  27. ↑ "Ready Willing & Able Work Assignments: Culinary Arts Program". The Doe Fund. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  28. ↑ "About Us: Sponsors". The Doe Fund. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  29. ↑ "US Labor Department announces nearly $40 million for Enhanced Transitional Jobs Demonstration programs". Employment and Training Administration, June 23, 2011. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
  30. ↑ "The Doe Fund Announces $5.6 Million Federal Grant" (Press release). PR Newswire, June 27, 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  31. ↑ Hombs, Mary Ellen (2011). Modern Homelessness: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 161. ISBN   9781598845372 . Retrieved 28 May 2012.
  32. ↑ "The Manhattan Institute Social Entrepreneurship Initiative William E. Simon Prize for Lifetime Achievement in Social Entrepreneurship, 2008". The Manhattan Institute. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  33. ↑ "George T. McDonald". St. John's University. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
  34. ↑ Delfiner, Rita (October 8, 2004). "In the News: Quiet Heroes Get Their Due". New York Post. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  35. ↑ Traub, Alex (4 February 2021). "George McDonald, Power Broker for the Powerless, Dies at 76". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2022-04-30– via NYTimes.com.
  36. ↑ Swarns, Rachel L. (18 March 1997). "Group Accused Of Disrupting Work Program". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2022-04-30– via NYTimes.com.
  37. ↑ "Welfare-to-Work Grant, The Doe Fund, Inc., September 2006" (PDF). US Department of Labor, Office of Inspector General. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  38. ↑ "US Department of Labor Revises Doe Fund Audit". United States Department of Labor. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  39. ↑ Moore, Tina (November 5, 2010). "Doe Fund nonprofit head George McDonald pocketed $100,000 prize given to the charity". New York Daily News. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  40. ↑ Mone, Lawrence Mone (May 17, 2011). "Manhattan Institute Clarification Regarding 2008 William E Simon Award to Doe Fund President George McDonald". The Manhattan Institute. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  41. ↑ Topousis, Tom (June 29, 2009). "THE 'DOUGH' FUND". New York Post. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  42. ↑ Resnick, Peter (July 6, 2009). "DOE DOES GOOD". New York Post. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  43. ↑ "New York BBB Wise Giving Report for Doe Fund". Better Business Bureau. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  44. ↑ Kovaleski, Serge F. (November 6, 2010). "Charity Backing Bloomberg 3rd Term Got Millions". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.