Author | Josephine Tey |
---|---|
Language | English |
Series | Inspector Alan Grant |
Genre | Mystery novel |
Publisher | Peter Davies |
Publication date | 1948 |
Media type | Print book (Hardback & Paperback) |
Preceded by | A Shilling for Candles |
Followed by | To Love and Be Wise |
The Franchise Affair is a 1948 British mystery novel by Josephine Tey about the investigation of a mother and daughter accused of kidnapping a young woman visiting their area. It was published in the UK by Peter Davies Ltd in 1948 and in the USA by The Macmillan Company in 1949. [1] While the book has maintained its reputation among readers of British genre fiction, and has often been adapted to other media, its social attitudes have been heavily criticised by more modern commentators.
Robert Blair, a solicitor living in the country town of Milford, is called on to defend Marion Sharpe and her mother, who are accused of kidnapping and beating a fifteen-year-old war orphan named Betty Kane. The novel opens with the Sharpes about to be interviewed by local police. Marion has telephoned Blair, who agrees to come out to The Franchise, their isolated home on the edge of town, during the questioning.
Betty's account is that during the Easter holidays she went to stay with her aunt and uncle, the Tilsits, near Larborough. After a week, she wrote to her adoptive parents, the Wynns, to say she was enjoying herself and would spend another three weeks with the Tilsits. Then one evening, waiting for a bus, the Sharpe women offered her a lift. They took her to The Franchise, demanded that she become a domestic worker and, upon her refusal, imprisoned her in the attic. Betty alleges that they starved and beat her until she escaped.
When Blair meets Marion and Mrs. Sharpe, who are sensible and forthright and deny that the girl was ever in the house, he believes them and distrusts Betty. Yet Betty does have bruises from a beating, and she describes items and rooms inside The Franchise accurately.
Later in the week, the tabloid Ack-Emma, described as "run on the principle that two thousand pounds for damages is a cheap price to pay for sales worth half a million", features a long story from Betty's side, based on an interview with her vengeful brother, Leslie. This turns the townspeople of Milford against the Sharpes. One exception is Stanley Peters, a local car mechanic and friend of Blair, who says that Betty reminds him of an ex-girlfriend who was promiscuous and deceitful.
As interest in the case builds, locals engage in overt hostility against the Sharpes that culminates in The Franchise being destroyed by arson. Meanwhile Stanley has become a friend and ally, serving as a night guard for them along with his co-worker Bill, and then providing them shelter when their home is burned down.
Blair is assisted in his search for clues against Betty Kane by his cousin, Nevil Bennet, who also works at the law firm, and his friend Kevin Macdermott, a flamboyant London barrister. Nevil's engagement to a local clergyman's daughter ends due to her belief in the Sharpes' guilt.
The clues that the investigators chiefly uncover are in the manner of character evidence. For example, Betty has an eidetic memory. When she returns home after the alleged kidnapping, the only item she has with her is lipstick. She does not tell the Wynns about her abduction right away, but in various details over a few days. Betty's mother was promiscuous, "a bad mother and a bad wife", according to a neighbour. Mrs. Tilsit, the aunt, tells Blair how Betty spent most of her holiday time, not with her aunt and uncle but in unsupervised freedom.
Betty had befriended a teenage girl who had once worked for the Sharpes as a cleaner, whom Betty had bullied. She is described by a couple of people as demure and looking as though "butter wouldn't melt in her mouth"; one of them, a restaurant waiter, tells Blair that Betty came in for tea several times, looking wholesome: "And then one day she picked up the man at the next table. You could have knocked me over with a feather."
Robert Blair, a lifelong bachelor living with his Aunt Lin, becomes strongly attracted to Marion Sharpe, with her gypsy looks and colourful scarves. But Marion is determined to remain single and stay close to her sharp-tongued mother. Nevil, although engaged, also finds Marion attractive; an aspiring poet, he describes her as "all compact of fire and metal. ... People don't marry women like Marion Sharpe, any more than they marry winds and clouds. Any more than they marry Joan of Arc."
The suspense of the Sharpes' guilt or innocence is maintained to the very end, with detailed investigative work proving that Betty had been abroad at the time with a married man only paying off in a satisfactory fashion at the trial.
Although given a contemporary (post-Second World War) setting, the story was inspired by the 18th-century case of Elizabeth Canning, a maidservant who claimed she had been kidnapped and held prisoner for a month. It is most probably based on a reading of Arthur Machen's non-fiction account of the case The Canning Wonder (1925) as the plot follows a similar line to Machen's thinking. [2]
The novel was adapted for the film The Franchise Affair , made by the Associated British Picture Corporation in 1951. [3]
It has also been adapted twice for television: in 1962 by Constance Cox in six episodes for BBC TV; and in 1988 in a six-episode series for BBC One by James Andrew Hall.
Earlier it had been adapted by Kenneth Owen for the BBC Home Service's Saturday Night Theatre and first broadcast in 1952. Also a ten-episode abridgement of the novel was read on BBC Radio 4's "Story Time" in 1976, on "Book At Bedtime" in 1980 and "Woman's Hour" in 1991. [4]
The novel was adapted for Australian radio in serial form in 1954 directed by Max Afford. [5] [6] This was performed again in 1962. [7]
Despite being listed by the UK Crime Writers' Association as one of The Top 100 Crime Novels of All Time [8] in 1990, and by the Mystery Writers of America as among The Top 100 Mystery Novels of All Time in 1995, [9] there have been many dissentient views as well. In the year of its publication, for example, Kirkus Reviews dismissed the novel as "Dignified, disappointing, very British". [10]
More recent studies have seen The Franchise Affair as a study in spiteful misogyny. The author Sarah Waters is offended by its outmoded, class-based values and contrasts the mid-18th century narrative on which it is based, the mysterious Canning case, with the immediately post-war implosion of the upper middle class in Tey's story and its total lack of compassionate understanding of the war-orphaned Betty Kane's behavioural experimentation. [11] And in C. Beyer's feminist reading, the story demonstrates the period's blatantly unfair defence of authoritarian male prejudice in which the final shaming of an adolescent girl's sexuality during the court proceedings has more to do with privileged and outmoded attitudes than any concept of justice. [12]
Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, Lady Mallowan, was a British author known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections, particularly those revolving around fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple. She also wrote the world's longest-running play, the murder mystery The Mousetrap, which has been performed in the West End of London since 1952. A writer during the "Golden Age of Detective Fiction", Christie has been called the "Queen of Crime"—a moniker which is now trademarked by her estate—or the "Queen of Mystery". She also wrote six novels under the pseudonym Mary Westmacott. In 1971, she was made a Dame (DBE) by Queen Elizabeth II for her contributions to literature. Guinness World Records lists Christie as the best-selling fiction writer of all time, her novels having sold more than two billion copies.
Miss Jane Marple is a fictional character in Agatha Christie's crime novels and short stories. Miss Marple lives in the village of St Mary Mead and acts as an amateur consulting detective. Often characterised as an elderly spinster, she is one of Christie's best-known characters and has been portrayed numerous times on screen. Her first appearance was in a short story published in The Royal Magazine in December 1927, "The Tuesday Night Club", which later became the first chapter of The Thirteen Problems (1932). Her first appearance in a full-length novel was in The Murder at the Vicarage in 1930, and her last appearance was in Sleeping Murder in 1976.
Picnic at Hanging Rock is a 1967 historical fiction novel by Australian author Joan Lindsay. Set in Victoria, Australia in 1900, is about a group of female boarding school students who vanish at Hanging Rock while on a Valentine's Day picnic, and the effects the disappearances have on the school and local community.
Elizabeth MacKintosh, known by the pen name Josephine Tey, was a Scottish author. Her novel The Daughter of Time, a detective work investigating the death of the Princes in the Tower, was chosen by the Crime Writers' Association in 1990 as the greatest crime novel of all time. Her first play Richard of Bordeaux, written under another pseudonym, Gordon Daviot, starred John Gielgud in its successful West End run.
The Famous Five is a series of children's adventure novels and short stories written by English author Enid Blyton. The first book, Five on a Treasure Island, was published in 1942. The novels feature the adventures of a group of young children – Julian, Dick, Anne, George and their dog Timmy.
Ruth Barbara Rendell, Baroness Rendell of Babergh, was an English author of thrillers and psychological murder mysteries.
A Town Like Alice is a romance novel by Nevil Shute, published in 1950 when Shute had newly settled in Australia. Jean Paget, a young Englishwoman, becomes romantically interested in a fellow prisoner of World War II in Malaya, and after liberation emigrates to Australia to be with him, where she attempts, by investing her substantial financial inheritance, to generate economic prosperity in a small outback community—to turn it into "a town like Alice" i.e. Alice Springs.
Anthony Gilbert was the pen name of Lucy Beatrice Malleson, an English crime writer and a cousin of actor-screenwriter Miles Malleson. She also wrote fiction and a 1940 autobiography, Three-a-Penny, as Anne Meredith.
Cat Among the Pigeons is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 2 November 1959, and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in March 1960 with a copyright date of 1959. The UK edition retailed at twelve shillings and sixpence (12/6), and the US edition at $2.95.
The Far Country is a novel by Nevil Shute, first published in 1952.
The Mysteries of Udolpho is a Gothic romance novel by Ann Radcliffe, which appeared in four volumes on 8 May 1794 from G. G. and J. Robinson of London. Her fourth and most popular novel, The Mysteries of Udolpho tells of Emily St. Aubert, who suffers misadventures that include the death of her mother and father, supernatural terrors in a gloomy castle, and machinations of Italian brigand Signor Montoni. It is often cited as an archetypal example of the Gothic novel.
The Daughter of Time is a 1951 detective novel by Josephine Tey, concerning a modern police officer's investigation into the alleged crimes of King Richard III of England. It was the last book Tey published in her lifetime, shortly before her death. In 1990 it was voted number one in The Top 100 Crime Novels of All Time list compiled by the British Crime Writers' Association. In 1995 it was voted number four in The Top 100 Mystery Novels of All Time list compiled by the Mystery Writers of America.
Joanna McCallum is an English theatre, film and television actress.
The House of the Arrow is a 1924 mystery novel by the English novelist A. E. W. Mason, the third full-length novel featuring his recurring character Inspector Hanaud. It has inspired several films of the same title.
The Franchise Affair is a 1951 British mystery thriller film directed by Lawrence Huntington and starring Michael Denison, Dulcie Gray, Anthony Nicholls and Marjorie Fielding. It is a faithful adaptation of the novel The Franchise Affair by Josephine Tey. It was shot at Elstree Studios with location shooting taking place around Chipping Campden in Gloucestershire which stood in for the fictional town of Melford. The film's sets were designed by the art director Terence Verity.
Sara Sheridan is a Scottish activist and writer who works in a variety of genres, though predominantly in historical fiction. She is the creator of the Mirabelle Bevan mysteries.
A Shilling for Candles is a 1936 mystery novel by Josephine Tey first published in 1936 by Metheun in the UK. It is the second of Tey's six mysteries featuring Inspector Alan Grant, and the first book written under the Josephine Tey pseudonym. The plot features the investigation of the death of the film actress Christine Clay.
The Franchise Affair is a British television series which originally aired on BBC One in 1988. It is based on the 1948 novel The Franchise Affair by Josephine Tey.
The Franchise Affair is a British television series which originally aired on BBC One in 1962. It is based on the 1948 novel The Franchise Affair by Josephine Tey.
Alan Grant is a fictional police detective created by Josephine Tey. He appears in six mystery novels, including The Daughter of Time, Tey's most acclaimed work.