The Innocent | |
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Directed by | Luchino Visconti |
Screenplay by | Suso Cecchi d'Amico Enrico Medioli Luchino Visconti |
Based on | The Intruder by Gabriele d'Annunzio |
Produced by | Giovanni Bertolucci |
Starring | Giancarlo Giannini Laura Antonelli Jennifer O'Neill |
Cinematography | Pasqualino De Santis |
Edited by | Ruggero Mastroianni |
Music by | Franco Mannino |
Production company |
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Distributed by |
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Release dates |
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Running time | 125 minutes |
Countries | Italy [1] France [1] |
Language | Italian |
The Innocent (Italian : L'innocente [1] ) is a 1976 period drama film directed by Luchino Visconti and starring Giancarlo Giannini, Laura Antonelli, and Jennifer O'Neill. It is an adaptation of Gabriele d'Annunzio's 1892 novel The Intruder , [2] about a chauvinist aristocrat who flaunts his mistress to his wife, but when he believes she has been unfaithful, he becomes enamored of her again. It was Visconti's final film, released posthumously, three months after his death in March 1976.
In the late 1890s, Tullio Hermil is a wealthy Roman aristocrat. He has a possessive aristocratic mistress, Teresa Raffo, and neglects his wife, Giuliana. His interest in his wife is rekindled when he sees Giuliana's happiness after she has begun a love affair with a novelist, Filippo d'Arborio. She becomes pregnant by d'Arborio. Tullio urges an abortion but she refuses; d'Arborio then dies of complications from malaria.
Tullio cannot tolerate the healthy male child delivered to Giuliana, although he tries. While the family are at Christmas mass he exposes the baby and it dies, apparently of natural causes. Giuliana, who knows Tullio has murdered the baby, leaves him.
Tullio attempts to rekindle his affair with Teresa and takes her to his town house where they attempt to make love. When she tells him she no longer loves him, he shoots himself. Shocked, Teresa picks up her belongings and leaves the estate.
Visconti originally wanted Alain Delon and Romy Schneider for the lead roles. But Schneider was unavailable, and Delon was uncomfortable with the idea of working with Visconti in what he considered to be a diminished state, post-stroke. Also considered for a role was Charlotte Rampling, who said Visconti wrote the screenplay with her in mind, but she was unable to do the movie because she was filming Foxtrot . [3]
The Italian-French co-production was filmed at Villa Mirafiori in Rome, the Villa Butori in Lucca, and the Villa Bellosguardo nearby.
The film was entered into the 1976 Cannes Film Festival. It was released in Italy by Cineriz on 18 May 1976, and in France on September 15. In the United States, the film was distributed by Analysis Film Corporation in 1979.
The film holds a 75% positive review score on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 20 reviews. [4]
Vincent Canby of The New York Times gave the film a positive review, writing "Visconti's last film (completed in 1976 shortly before his death) and among the most beautiful and severely disciplined films he has ever made." [5]
Jonathan Rosenbaum of the Chicago Reader wrote "Visconti's last film strikes me as arguably the greatest of his late works apart from The Leopard -- a withering autocritique of masculine vanity and self-delusion." [6]
Tony Rayns of Time Out wrote "The film resolves itself into an almost painfully sincere meditation on masculine self-delusion. It has a great performance from Laura Antonelli as the wife, and excellent ones from Giannini and Jennifer O'Neill as husband and lover." [7]
Rosemarie Magdalena Albach, known professionally as Romy Schneider, was a German-French actress. She is regarded as one of the greatest screen actresses of all time and became a cult figure due to her role as Empress Elisabeth of Austria in the Sissi trilogy in the mid-1950s. She later reprised the role in a more mature version in Luchino Visconti's Ludwig (1973). She began her career in the German Heimatfilm genre in the early 1950s when she was 15. Schneider moved to France, where she made successful and critically acclaimed films with some of the most notable film directors of that era. Coco Chanel called Romy “the ultimate incarnation of the ideal woman.” Bertrand Tavernier remarked: “Sautet is talking about Mozart with regard to Romy. Me, I want to talk of Verdi, Mahler…”
Giancarlo Giannini is an Italian actor and voice actor. He won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor for his performance in Love and Anarchy (1973) and received an Academy Award nomination for Seven Beauties (1975). He is also a four-time recipient of the David di Donatello Award for Best Actor.
Jennifer O'Neill is a Brazilian-born American author, model and former actress. Born in Brazil, and moving to the United States as an infant, she first came to prominence as a teenage model, as well as for her spokesperson work for CoverGirl cosmetics, which began in 1963 and spanned three decades. She made her feature film debut in the comedy film For Love of Ivy (1968), followed by a lead role in Howard Hawks's Western film Rio Lobo (1970).
Love and Anarchy is a 1973 Italian film directed by Lina Wertmüller and starring Giancarlo Giannini and Mariangela Melato. The story, set in Fascist Italy before the outbreak of World War II, centers on Giannini's character, an anarchist who stays in a brothel while preparing to assassinate Benito Mussolini. Giannini's character falls in love with one of the women working in the brothel. This film explores the depths of his emotions concerning love, his hate for fascism, and his fears of being killed while assassinating Mussolini.
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The Leopard is a 1963 epic historical drama film directed by Luchino Visconti. Written by Visconti, Suso Cecchi d'Amico, Enrico Medioli, Pasquale Festa Campanile, and Massimo Franciosa, the film is an adaptation of the 1958 novel of the same title by Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa.
Mariangela Caterina Melato, sometimes billed as Maria Angela Melato, was an Italian actress. She is most remembered for her roles in films of director Lina Wertmüller, including The Seduction of Mimi (1972), Love and Anarchy (1973), and Swept Away (1974). In cinema, she also appeared in films of Claude Chabrol, Elio Petri and Vittorio De Sica, and on stage in productions by Dario Fo, Luchino Visconti and Luca Ronconi. Her roles in English-language films include the 1980 science fiction film Flash Gordon.
Franco Mannino was an Italian film composer, pianist, opera director, playwright and novelist.
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Specializing in the field of drama, with particular attention to the drama of its national heritage, the Accademia Nazionale di Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico has played a key role in the Italian film and theater scene and is currently headed by Professor Luigi Maria Musati. It has prepared artists such as Margherita Buy, Vittorio Gassman, Luigi Lo Cascio, Anna Magnani, Nino Manfredi, and Monica Vitti. Other former alumni include Antoniano, Manuela Arcuri, Mino Bellei, Carmelo Bene, Dirk van den Berg, Giuliana Berlinguer, Alessio Boni, Alberto Bonucci, Giulio Bosetti, Renato De Carmine, Ennio Fantastichini, Gabriele Ferzetti (expelled), Scilla Gabel, Domiziana Giordano, Michele Placido, Luca Ronconi, Gian Maria Volonté and Lina Wertmüller.
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The Intruder is an 1892 novel by the Italian writer Gabriele D'Annunzio. It is known as The Victim in the United States. It tells the story of the dandy Tullio Hermil who is habitually unfaithful to his patient and loving wife Giuliana, until the wife eventually does the same and becomes pregnant with another man's child. The book was published in English in 1897, translated by Georgina Harding.