The Kensingtons at Laventie

Last updated

The Kensingtons at Laventie
The Kensingtons at Laventie (1915) (Art.IWM ART 15661).jpg
Artist Eric Kennington
Year1915 (1915)
Type Oil on glass
Dimensions139.7 cm× 152.4 cm(55.0 in× 60.0 in)
Location Imperial War Museum, London
Website Art. IWM ART 15661

The Kensingtons at Laventie is a large oil painting on glass by Eric Kennington completed in 1915 that depicts a First World War platoon of British troops. The group depicted was Kennington's own infantry platoon; Platoon No 7, C Company, the 1/13th (County of London) Battalion, the London Regiment (Kensington), who were commonly known as the Kensingtons. Kennington completed the painting having been invalided out of the British Army due to wounds suffered on the Western Front in early 1915.

Contents

The painting is Kennington's most famous work. [1] It has been described as "one of the iconic images of the First World War", [2] and is held by the Imperial War Museum. [3] When it was first exhibited in 1916, the painting had a large impact and hastened the establishment of an official British scheme for war artists.

Background

On 6 August 1914, days after the outbreak of the First World War, Kennington enlisted with the 1/13th (Kensington) Battalion of the London Regiment, as their recruiting office was the nearest one to his London studio. After several months of training in England, he fought with his battalion on the Western Front from November 1914, but was wounded in January 1915. One toe of Kennington's left foot was amputated, and he was fortunate not to lose a foot due to a subsequent infection. He spent four months in hospital in London and Liverpool before being discharged as unfit for further service in June 1915. After his convalescence, he spent six months painting The Kensingtons at Laventie.

During his few months of active service before he was wounded, Kennington's unit suffered 127 casualties, approximately 20 per cent of its original strength; by the time he completed the painting, 90 per cent of the 700 soldiers who arrived in France with the battalion in late 1914 had been killed or wounded. [4]

Description

Standing Soldier - study for The Kensingtons at Laventie, (Art.IWM ART 15924) Standing shoulder study for Kensingtons.jpg
Standing Soldier – study for The Kensingtons at Laventie, (Art.IWM ART 15924)

The Kensingtons spent the extremely cold winter of 1914 in the front-line trenches forward of the village of Laventie in the Pas-de-Calais. Their trenches were poorly built and frequently under artillery fire. The painting depicts a moment when the platoon, having spent four days and nights in a forward fire trench, have made their way through a flooded communications trench to the ruined village of Laventie. The men are waiting for the order to 'fall in' for the 5 mile march to an overnight billet outside shelling range. [1] [5]

The painting is a group portrait of nine soldiers from Kennington's own infantry platoon, Platoon No 7, C Company. Kennington went to great lengths to contact his former comrades and sketch them while preparing the painting. It depicts eight figures standing on the snow-covered ground amid the detritus of war, beside a whitewashed wall, seven in a loose group to the left and one alone on the right overlooked by a calvary cross in the top right corner, while a ninth lies on the ground, exhausted.

Kennington supplied extensive notes that identified each individual in the painting and explained the situation depicted. The men depicted, from left to right, are:

Composition

Kennington painted the picture in a highly unconventional manner, painting in reverse on glass with the exterior layers applied first and the background last. This method, and Kennington's use of gold to pick out metallic details, gives the painting a particular clarity and luminosity. Whereas an oil painting on canvas will fade with time as the oils sink into the canvas, an oil on glass painting will largely retain its original brightness. Kennington claimed to have travelled some 500 miles while painting the picture in walking from the back of the glass to the front to check the composition. [3] [1]

The style of the painting has been compared to the Pre-Raphaelites, Pieter Breughel, and religious icons in the Russian Orthodox tradition; and its composition bears resemblance to Uccellos Battle of San Romano . [1]

Reception

The painting was first exhibited at the Goupil gallery on Regent Street from April to July 1916, to raise funds for the Star and Garter Building Fund. Its portrayal of exhausted soldiers caused a sensation. The painting was widely praised for its technical virtuosity, iconic colour scheme, and its "stately presentation of human endurance, of the quiet heroism of the rank and file", [6] showing the war "in all its squalor and glory". [4] The success of the painting led to the establishment of an official British war artist scheme by the Department of Information. Kennington himself was appointed a war artist and returned to France in 1917. In support of his application to become a war artist, the painter Sir John Lavery wrote "Mr Kennington, in my opinion, has painted in “The Kensingtons”, the only picture of the Great War that I have seen so far that will actually live." [4]

In May 2015, the Royal Mail issued a stamp featuring a detail from the painting as part of a First World War commemorative set. [7]

Related Research Articles

Laventie Commune in Hauts-de-France, France

Laventie is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

Christopher R. W. Nevinson English painter (1889–1946)

Christopher Richard Wynne Nevinson was an English figure and landscape painter, etcher and lithographer, who was one of the most famous war artists of World War I. He is often referred to by his initials C. R. W. Nevinson, and was also known as Richard.

Albert Jacka

Albert Jacka, was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest decoration for gallantry "in the face of the enemy" that can be awarded to members of the British and Commonwealth armed forces. Jacka was the first Australian to be decorated with the VC during the First World War, receiving the medal for his actions during the Gallipoli Campaign. He later served on the Western Front and was twice further decorated for his bravery.

William Faulds

William Frederick Faulds was a South African soldier, and recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was the first South African-born man serving with South African Forces to be awarded the VC.

Sidney William Ware Recipient of the Victoria Cross

Sidney William Ware VC was a British recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Private Edward Warner VC was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was a private in the 1st Battalion, The Bedfordshire Regiment, British Army during World War I, who was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for gallantry during the defence of Hill 60 on 1 May 1915.

Ross Tollerton

Ross Tollerton VC born in Hurlford, Ayrshire, was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Alfred Shout New Zealand-born Australian Victoria Cross recipient

Alfred John Shout, VC, MC was a New Zealand-born soldier and an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest decoration for gallantry "in the face of the enemy" awarded to members of the British and Commonwealth armed forces. Shout was posthumously awarded the VC for his actions at Lone Pine in August 1915, during the Gallipoli Campaign of the First World War. After Ottoman forces had counterattacked and seized a large stretch of the Australians' front line, Shout gathered a small party of men and charged down one trench throwing bombs. He killed eight Turkish soldiers, and managed to clear others to retake the trench. In a similar action later that day, and supported by another officer, he recaptured further ground amid hard fighting. In the final push forward, Shout simultaneously lit three bombs to lob at the enemy. He successfully threw two, but the third burst just as it was leaving his hand. Shout was grievously wounded, and died two days later.

John Northcote Nash was a British painter of landscapes and still-lives, and a wood engraver and illustrator, particularly of botanic works. He was the younger brother of the artist Paul Nash.

The 39th Garhwal Rifles was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army.

Eric Kennington English painter

Eric Henri Kennington was an English sculptor, artist and illustrator, and an official war artist in both World Wars.

World War I in popular culture World War I depicted in popular culture

The First World War, which was fought between 1914 and 1918, had an immediate impact on popular culture. In over the hundred years since the war ended, the war has resulted in many artistic and cultural works from all sides and nations that participated in the war. This included artworks, books, poems, films, television, music, and more recently, video games. Many of these pieces were created by soldiers who took part in the war.

William Barnes Wollen English painter

William Barnes Wollen was an English painter mostly known for his paintings of battle and historical scenes and sporting events.

James Prinsep Beadle (1863–1947), was an English painter of historical and military scenes. Born in Calcutta on 22 September 1863, his father was Major-General James Pattle Beadle. For three years, he studied with Legros at the Slade School in London and at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris under Alexandre Cabanel; his final studies were back in London with G. F. Watts.

British official war artists were a select group of artists who were employed on contract, or commissioned to produce specific works during the First World War, the Second World War and select military actions in the post-war period. Official war artists have been appointed by governments for information or propaganda purposes and to record events on the battlefield; but there are many other types of war artist.

Joseph Gray was a Durham-born painter and etcher of landscapes, architectural subjects and battlefield scenes. Some of his most evocative work hangs in the Imperial War Museum and different Regimental Museums throughout Britain.

<i>Over the Top</i> (painting) Painting by John Nash

"Over The Top". 1st Artists' Rifles at Marcoing, 30th December 1917 is a 1918 oil-on-canvas painting by John Nash. It depicts a counter-attack on Welsh Ridge in northern France on 30 December 1917, during the First World War. It is held by Imperial War Museum, London.

Ernest Stafford Carlos was a British painter and war artist. He is best known for his works depicting the early days of the Scout Movement. He joined the British Army and was killed during the First World War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">24th East Surrey Division War Memorial</span> War memorial in Battersea Park, London

24th East Surrey Division War Memorial is a First World War memorial in Battersea Park, London. The unusual avant-garde design by Eric Kennington, his first public commission, was unveiled in 1924. It became a Grade II* listed building in 2005.

Ellis Luciano Silas was a British artist and draughtsman who served as an ANZAC during the First World War.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Imperial War Museum. "The Kensingtons at Laventie". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  2. Eric Kennington's Portraits of the British at War at the RAF Museum, London, Ricahrd Moss, Culture24, 13 July 2011
  3. 1 2 Art from the First World War. Imperial War Museum. 2008. ISBN   978-1-904897-98-9.
  4. 1 2 3 Jonathan Black (19 January 2012). "Portraits like Bombs:Eric Kennington and the Second World War". National Army Museum . Retrieved 21 December 2015.
  5. Richard Slocombe (30 August 2013). "Art of war:The Kensingtons at Laventie". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 26 December 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  6. 1 2 Paul Gough (2010). A Terrible Beauty: British Artists in the First World War. Sansom and Company. ISBN   978-1-906593-00-1.
  7. "First World War:1915". Stamp Magazine. 14 May 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.