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The Rape of Europa is an oil on canvas painting by Claude Lorrain, from 1655. With its pendant The Battle of the Milvian Bridge , it is now in the Pushkin Museum, in Moscow.
The work was painted in Rome, with sketch 136 in his Liber Veritatis equating to it. [1] Below that sketch is the inscription "facto al pio Cardinal […] creato pero giusto pap […]" ("made for the pious cardinal […] elected pope […]") - the word "Cardinal" is very close to the edge of the sheet and it seems likely that the name of the commissioner was cut off when binding the scattered sheets of the diary together. He was Fabio Chigi, elected Pope Alexander VII on 7 April 1655. A preparatory ink and pencil sketch is now in the Kupferstichkabinett Berlin of the Berlin State Museums. [2]
He was paid 225 scudi for Rape and Battle on 6 September of the same year. After that pope's death his heirs retained the work for a long while. It was bought in Rome by Prince Nikolay Yusupov in 1798, sending it first to his home in Moscow, then to the Arkhangelskoye Palace and finally to his Moika Palace in Saint Petersburg. All the Yusupov princes' collections were seized by the Soviet state after the October Revolution and the palace was converted into a museum until 1924, when the work was transferred to the Hermitage Museum. It was then moved to its present home in 1927. [3]
Prince Felix Felixovich Yusupov, Count Sumarokov-Elston was a Russian aristocrat from the House of Yusupov who is best known for participating in the assassination of Grigori Rasputin and for marrying Princess Irina Alexandrovna, a niece of Emperor Nicholas II.
Russian Orthodoxy is the theology, religious traditions, and practices related to the Russian Orthodox Church.
The House of Yusupov was a Russian princely family descended from the monarchs of the Nogai Horde, renowned for their immense wealth, philanthropy and art collections in the 18th and 19th centuries. Most notably, Prince Felix Yusupov was famous for his involvement in the murder of Grigori Rasputin.
The House of Chigi is an Italian princely family of Sienese origin descended from the counts of Ardenghesca, which possessed castles in the Maremma, southern Tuscany. Later, the family settled in Rome. The earliest authentic mention of them is in the 13th century, with one Alemanno, counsellor of the Republic of Siena.
Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov was a Russian nobleman and art collector of the House of Yusupov.
Pietro di Gottardo Gonzaga was an Italian theatre set designer who worked in Italy and, since 1792, in the Russian Empire.
Alexander Nikolayevich Samokhvalov was a Soviet Russian painter, watercolorist, graphic artist, illustrator, art teacher and Honored Arts Worker of the RSFSR, who lived and worked in Leningrad. He was a member of the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation, and was regarded as one of the founders and brightest representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his genre and portrait painting.
The State Museum of Modern Western Art was a museum in Moscow. It originated in the merger of the 1st and 2nd Museums of Modern Western Painting in 1923. It was based on the collection of paintings assembled by Sergei Schukin and Ivan Morozov. It was shut down on 6 March 1948 by Stalin and its works split between the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg and the Pushkin Museum in Moscow.
Aurora and Cephalus is an 1811 painting by Pierre-Narcisse Guérin, now in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow. Measuring 251 × 178 cm, it illustrates lines 661-866 of Book 7 of Ovid's Metamorphoses and is a version the artist's 1810 work of the same subject. An oil sketch for the 1811 work has been in the Hermitage Museum since 1978.
Frost in Louveciennes is an 1873 painting by Alfred Sisley, which has been in the Pushkin Museum since 1948. It shows the church of St Martin in the French town of Louveciennes. A chalk sketch for it is now in the Budapest Museum of Fine Arts . The work's early provenance is unknown until on 3 May 1902 Paul Durand-Ruel bought it for 9300 francs at the sale of Jules Strauss's collection at the Hotel Drout auction house. In 1903 Durand-Ruel sold it on to Ivan Morozov - it was one of his first acquisitions. The Pushkin Museum holds a 22 June 1903 letter from Durand-Ruel to Morozov agreeing to sell the work for 11,500 francs, despite this being a big sacrifice for his gallery, and a 27 June receipt for receiving the money.
Apollo and Marsyas is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Italian artist Luca Giordano, created circa 1665. It is held at the collection of the Pushkin Museum, in Moscow. A variant of the work is in the Bardini Museum, in Florence.
The Battle of the Milvian Bridge, The Battle of the Bridge or The Battle Between the Emperors Maxentius and Constantine is a 1655 oil on canvas painting by Claude Lorrain, now in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow. Despite the title, according to E. B. Sharnova, the painting has no historical specificity.
The Bucentaur Returns to the Pier at the Doge's Palace or The Doge of Venice Departs for the Festival of the Betrothal of Venice to the Adriatic Sea is a c.1730 oil on canvas painting by Canaletto. It was acquired together with his Reception of the French Ambassador in Venice in the 1760s for the Hermitage Museum. In 1930 The Bucentaur was transferred to the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, where it remains. Variants of the work survive in several collections, including the Royal Collection at Windsor Castle, the Dulwich Picture Gallery and the Uffizi, whilst a copy by Fyodor Alekseyev is in the Russian Museum.
Ploughed Fields is an 1874 painting by Camille Pissarro, now in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow.
Landscape, Horse on the Road is an 1899 oil on canvas painting by Paul Gauguin, now in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow.
Landscape with Hercules and Cacus is an oil on canvas painting by French painter Nicolas Poussin, created c. 1660. It is held in the Pushkin Museum, in Moscow. It depicts a scene from lines 190-275 of Book VIII of Virgil's Aeneid.
Haystack Near Giverny is an oil on canvas painting by Claude Monet, from 1884. It is held in the Pushkin Museum, in Moscow. It is a precursor to his 1890s Haystacks series.
The Bunch of Flowers or Flowers of France is an oil on canvas painting by Paul Gauguin, from 1891. It is held in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow. It was one of the first in his series of Tahitian works.
Piazza della Rotonda and the Pantheon is an oil-on-canvas cityscape painting by the Italian painter Bernardo Bellotto and his son Lorenzo, from 1769, based on an engraving by Piranesi. It and its pair View of the Forum in Rome are both now in the Pushkin Museum, in Moscow. It shows Piazza della Rotonda and the Pantheon, in Rome.
Landscape with Peacocks (Death) (French - Le paysage aux paons (La mort)) is an oil on canvas painting by Paul Gauguin, from 1892. It is held in the Pushkin Museum, in Moscow.