Thierry Giamarchi

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Thierry Giamarchi (born 1963) is a French physicist.

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Biography

Thierry Giamarchi studied in Toulouse and Marseille and after preparatory classes at the Lycée Thiers became a student at the École Normale Supérieure (1982). He passed his thesis under the direction of H.J. Schulz at the Paris-Sud University (now Paris-Saclay) in 1987.

He has been a permanent researcher at the CNRS since 1986, and during the period 1990-1992 did a postdoctoral fellowship at Bell Laboratories (USA).  In 2002 he became full professor at the University of Geneva in the Department of Quantum Matter Physics (DQMP) and was head of this department from 2013 to 2019. He is currently vice-president (since 2017) of a Swiss association on materials with remarkable electronic properties (MaNEP [1] ).

In addition to his research activities, he has been in charge of several administrative activities such as the direction of the Department of Quantum Matter Physics (DQMP) [2] (2013-2019), member of the Research Commission of the University of Geneva (2018-2020), member of the CNRS National Committee for Theoretical Physics (2000-2002), member of the Scientific Committee of the School of Physics of Les Houches (2007-2016) or member of the Scientific Council of the Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA) (2015-2018).

Since 2013, he has been a member of the French Academy of sciences [3] and a Fellow of the American Physical Society. [4]

Research

His research has focused on the effects of interactions in low-dimensional quantum systems, as well as on the combined effects of disorder and interactions in both classical and quantum systems. This work has led to the discovery of new disordered phases such as Bose glass and Bragg glass.

For quantum systems his work has focused on the effects of interactions in one- or nearly one-dimensional quantum structures, known as Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids. [5] In particular, he has studied how such effects can occur in systems such as organic superconductors [6] or coupled quantum spin chains. [7] [8]

He also showed that such systems have properties normally associated with travelling systems, such as Bose-Einstein condensation, [9] [10] and thus could be used as quantum simulators for such systems. Tomonaga-Luttinger's liquid physics is relevant not only for condensed matter but also for ultra-cold atom systems. [11]

In the presence of disorder he studied, in collaboration with H.J. Schulz, the combined effects of disorder and interactions on one-dimensional interacting bosons or fermions and showed that the interactions significantly modified the effects of disorder. Especially for bosons this combination of interactions and disorder leads to a transition between a superfluid and a localized phase of bosons known as Bose glass. [12] This phase is currently being intensively studied in the context of ultra-cold atoms.

For classical systems he has shown, in collaboration with P. Le Doussal, [13] that the effects of disorder on periodic elastic structures, such as the Abrikosov vortex grating in a superconductor, led to a new vitreous phase of the matter having the appearance of a solid (Bragg glass), a phase that could be revealed by neutron diffraction. [14] This work, as well as the study of the dynamics of such systems, [15] [16] is also directly relevant to the properties of materials useful for information storage such as magnetic films [17] and ferroelectrics. [18]

Awards

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fermi liquid theory</span> Theoretical model in physics

Fermi liquid theory is a theoretical model of interacting fermions that describes the normal state of the conduction electrons in most metals at sufficiently low temperatures. The theory describes the behavior of many-body systems of particles in which the interactions between particles may be strong. The phenomenological theory of Fermi liquids was introduced by the Soviet physicist Lev Davidovich Landau in 1956, and later developed by Alexei Abrikosov and Isaak Khalatnikov using diagrammatic perturbation theory. The theory explains why some of the properties of an interacting fermion system are very similar to those of the ideal Fermi gas, and why other properties differ.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Luttinger liquid</span> Theoretical model describing interacting fermions in a one-dimensional conductor

A Luttinger liquid, or Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid, is a theoretical model describing interacting electrons in a one-dimensional conductor. Such a model is necessary as the commonly used Fermi liquid model breaks down for one dimension.

The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is a physical phenomenon in which the Hall conductance of 2-dimensional (2D) electrons shows precisely quantized plateaus at fractional values of , where e is the electron charge and h is the Planck constant. It is a property of a collective state in which electrons bind magnetic flux lines to make new quasiparticles, and excitations have a fractional elementary charge and possibly also fractional statistics. The 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Robert Laughlin, Horst Störmer, and Daniel Tsui "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations". The microscopic origin of the FQHE is a major research topic in condensed matter physics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dephasing</span> Mechanism recovering classical behavior from a quantum system

In physics, dephasing is a mechanism that recovers classical behaviour from a quantum system. It refers to the ways in which coherence caused by perturbation decays over time, and the system returns to the state before perturbation. It is an important effect in molecular and atomic spectroscopy, and in the condensed matter physics of mesoscopic devices.

In theoretical condensed matter physics and quantum field theory, bosonization is a mathematical procedure by which a system of interacting fermions in (1+1) dimensions can be transformed to a system of massless, non-interacting bosons. The method of bosonization was conceived independently by particle physicists Sidney Coleman and Stanley Mandelstam; and condensed matter physicists Daniel C. Mattis and Alan Luther in 1975.

The Bose–Hubbard model gives a description of the physics of interacting spinless bosons on a lattice. It is closely related to the Hubbard model that originated in solid-state physics as an approximate description of superconducting systems and the motion of electrons between the atoms of a crystalline solid. The model was introduced by Gersch and Knollman in 1963 in the context of granular superconductors. The model rose to prominence in the 1980s after it was found to capture the essence of the superfluid-insulator transition in a way that was much more mathematically tractable than fermionic metal-insulator models.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">String-net liquid</span> Condensed matter physics model involving only closed loops

In condensed matter physics, a string-net is an extended object whose collective behavior has been proposed as a physical mechanism for topological order by Michael A. Levin and Xiao-Gang Wen. A particular string-net model may involve only closed loops; or networks of oriented, labeled strings obeying branching rules given by some gauge group; or still more general networks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Landau–Zener formula</span> Formula for the probability that a system will change between two energy states.

The Landau–Zener formula is an analytic solution to the equations of motion governing the transition dynamics of a two-state quantum system, with a time-dependent Hamiltonian varying such that the energy separation of the two states is a linear function of time. The formula, giving the probability of a diabatic transition between the two energy states, was published separately by Lev Landau, Clarence Zener, Ernst Stueckelberg, and Ettore Majorana, in 1932.

A composite fermion is the topological bound state of an electron and an even number of quantized vortices, sometimes visually pictured as the bound state of an electron and, attached, an even number of magnetic flux quanta. Composite fermions were originally envisioned in the context of the fractional quantum Hall effect, but subsequently took on a life of their own, exhibiting many other consequences and phenomena.

In physics, the super Tonks–Girardeau gas represents an excited quantum gas phase with strong attractive interactions in a one-dimensional spatial geometry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Luttinger's theorem</span>

In condensed matter physics, Luttinger's theorem is a result derived by J. M. Luttinger and J. C. Ward in 1960 that has broad implications in the field of electron transport. It arises frequently in theoretical models of correlated electrons, such as the high-temperature superconductors, and in photoemission, where a metal's Fermi surface can be directly observed.

The quantum rotor model is a mathematical model for a quantum system. It can be visualized as an array of rotating electrons which behave as rigid rotors that interact through short-range dipole-dipole magnetic forces originating from their magnetic dipole moments. The model differs from similar spin-models such as the Ising model and the Heisenberg model in that it includes a term analogous to kinetic energy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piers Coleman</span> British-American physicist

Piers Coleman is a British-born theoretical physicist, working in the field of theoretical condensed matter physics. Coleman is professor of physics at Rutgers University in New Jersey and at Royal Holloway, University of London.

In condensed matter physics, a quantum spin liquid is a phase of matter that can be formed by interacting quantum spins in certain magnetic materials. Quantum spin liquids (QSL) are generally characterized by their long-range quantum entanglement, fractionalized excitations, and absence of ordinary magnetic order.

In condensed matter physics, the quantum dimer magnet state is one in which quantum spins in a magnetic structure entangle to form a singlet state. These entangled spins act as bosons and their excited states (triplons) can undergo Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). The quantum dimer system was originally proposed by Matsubara and Matsuda as a mapping of the lattice Bose gas to the quantum antiferromagnet. Quantum dimer magnets are often confused as valence bond solids; however, a valence bond solid requires the breaking of translational symmetry and the dimerizing of spins. In contrast, quantum dimer magnets exist in crystal structures where the translational symmetry is inherently broken. There are two types of quantum dimer models: the XXZ model and the weakly-coupled dimer model. The main difference is the regime in which BEC can occur. For the XXZ model, the BEC occurs upon cooling without a magnetic field and manifests itself as a symmetric dome in the field versus temperature phase diagram centered about H = 0. The weakly-coupled dimer model does not magnetically order in zero magnetic field, but instead orders upon the closing of the spin gap, where the BEC regime begins and is a dome centered at non-zero field.

Igor Ekhielevich Dzyaloshinskii, was a Russian theoretical physicist, known for his research on "magnetism, multiferroics, one-dimensional conductors, liquid crystals, van der Waals forces, and applications of methods of quantum field theory". In particular he is known for the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction.

Christopher John Pethick is a British theoretical physicist, specializing in many-body theory, ultra-cold atomic gases, and the physics of neutron stars and stellar collapse.

Dietrich Belitz is an American theoretical physicist on the faculty of the University of Oregon. He studies statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics.

Elbio Rubén Dagotto is an Argentinian-American theoretical physicist and academic. He is a distinguished professor in the department of physics and astronomy at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and Distinguished Scientist in the Materials Science and Technology Division at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Leo Radzihovsky is a Russian American condensed matter physicist and academic serving as a professor of Distinction in Physics at the University of Colorado Boulder.

References

  1. ↑ "MaNEP: Steering Committee 2021-2023".
  2. ↑ "DQMP - People directory alphabetized listing".
  3. ↑ "Académie des sciences: Thierry Giamarchi". Academie de Sciences Institut de France.
  4. ↑ "American Physical Society: Thierry Giamarchi". American Physical Society .
  5. ↑ Giamarchi, Thierry (2004). Quantum physics in one dimension. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525004.001.0001. ISBN   9780191711909.
  6. ↑ Schwartz, A.; Dressel, M.; Grüner, G.; Vescoli, V.; Degiorgi, L.; Giamarchi, T. (1998-07-15). "On-chain electrodynamics of metallic (TMTSF)2X salts: Observation of Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid response". Physical Review B . 58 (3). American Physical Society: 1261. arXiv: cond-mat/9801198 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.58.1261.
  7. ↑ Klanjšek, M.; Mayaffre, H.; Berthier, C.; Horvatić, M.; Chiari, B.; Piovesana, O.; Bouillot, P.; Kollath, C.; Orignac, E.; Citro, R.; Giamarchi, T. (2008-09-26). "Controlling Luttinger Liquid Physics in Spin Ladders under a Magnetic Field". Physical Review Letters . 101 (13). American Physical Society: 137207. arXiv: 0804.2639 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.137207.
  8. ↑ Chitra, R.; Giamarchi, T. (1997-03-01). "Critical properties of gapped spin-chains and ladders in a magnetic field". Physical Review B . 55 (9). American Physical Society: 5816. arXiv: cond-mat/9611114 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.55.5816.
  9. ↑ Giamarchi, T.; Tsvelik, A.M. (1999-05-01). "Coupled ladders in a magnetic field". Physical Review B . 59 (17). American Physical Society: 11398. arXiv: cond-mat/9810219 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.59.11398.
  10. ↑ Giamarchi, Thierry; Rüegg, Christian; Tchernyshyov, Oleg (2008-03-03). "Bose–Einstein condensation in magnetic insulators". Nature Physics . 4: 198–204. arXiv: 0712.2250 . doi:10.1038/nphys893.
  11. ↑ Cazalilla, M. A.; Citro, R.; Giamarchi, T.; Orignac, E.; Rigol, M. (2011-12-01). "One dimensional bosons: From condensed matter systems to ultracold gases". Reviews of Modern Physics . 83 (4). American Physical Society: 1405. arXiv: 1101.5337 . doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.83.1405.
  12. ↑ Giamarchi, T.; Schulz, H. J. (1988-01-01). "Anderson localization and interactions in one-dimensional metals". Physical Review B . 37 (1). American Physical Society: 325. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.37.325.
  13. ↑ Giamarchi, Thierry; Le Doussal, Pierre (1995-07-01). "Elastic theory of flux lattices in the presence of weak disorder". Physical Review B . 52 (2). American Physical Society: 1242. arXiv: cond-mat/9501087 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.52.1242.
  14. ↑ Klein, T.; Joumard, I.; Blanchard, S.; Marcus, J.; Cubitt, R.; Giamarchi, T.; Le Doussal, P. (2001-09-27). "A Bragg glass phase in the vortex lattice of a type II superconductor". Nature. 413: 404–406. arXiv: cond-mat/0110018 . doi:10.1038/35096534.
  15. ↑ Giamarchi, T.; Le Doussal, P. (1996-04-29). "Moving Glass Phase of Driven Lattices". Physical Review Letters . 76 (18). American Physical Society: 3408. arXiv: cond-mat/9512006 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.3408.
  16. ↑ Chauve, Pascal; Giamarchi, Thierry; Le Doussal, Pierre (2000-09-01). "Creep and depinning in disordered media". Physical Review B . 62 (10). American Physical Society: 6241. arXiv: cond-mat/0002299 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.62.6241.
  17. ↑ Lemerle, S.; Ferré, J.; Chappert, C.; Mathet, V.; Giamarchi, T.; Le Doussal, P. (1998-01-26). "Domain Wall Creep in an Ising Ultrathin Magnetic Film". Physical Review Letters . 80 (4). American Physical Society: 849. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.849.
  18. ↑ Tybell, T.; Paruch, P.; Giamarchi, T.; Triscone, J.M. (2002-08-09). "Domain Wall Creep in Epitaxial Ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 Thin Films". Physical Review Letters . 89 (9). American Physical Society: 097601. arXiv: cond-mat/0203381 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.097601.
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