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The Kordofanian languages are a geographic grouping of five language groups spoken in the Nuba Mountains of the South Kordofan region of Sudan: Talodi–Heiban languages, Lafofa languages, Rashad languages, Katla languages and Kadu languages. The first four groups are sometimes regarded as branches of the hypothetical Niger–Congo family, whereas Kadu is now widely seen as a branch of the proposed Nilo-Saharan family.
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The Daju languages are spoken in isolated pockets by the Daju people across a wide area of Sudan and Chad. In Sudan, they are spoken in parts of the regions of Kordofan and Darfur, in Chad they are spoken in Wadai. The Daju languages belong to the Eastern Sudanic subfamily of Nilo-Saharan.
In most classifications, the Eastern Sudanic languages are a group of nine families of languages that may constitute a branch of the Nilo-Saharan language family. Eastern Sudanic languages are spoken from southern Egypt to northern Tanzania.
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The Kadu languages, also known as Kadugli–Krongo or Tumtum, are a small language family of the Kordofanian geographic grouping, once included in Niger–Congo. However, since Thilo Schadeberg (1981), Kadu is widely seen as Nilo-Saharan. Evidence for a Niger-Congo affiliation is rejected, and a Nilo-Saharan relationship is controversial. A conservative classification would treat the Kadu languages as an independent family.
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The Rashad languages form a small language family in the Nuba Hills of Sudan. They are named after Rashad District of South Kordofan.
The Talodi–Heiban languages are a proposed branch of the hypothetical Niger–Congo family, spoken in the Nuba Mountains of Sudan. The Talodi and Heiban languages are thought to be distantly related by Dimmendaal, though Glottolog 4.4 does not accept the unity of Talodi–Heiban pending further evidence.
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Tegali is a Kordofanian language in the Rashad family, which is thought by some to belong to the hypothetical Niger–Congo phylum. It is spoken in South Kordofan state, Sudan.
Acheron (Asheron) is a Niger–Congo language in the Talodi family spoken in South Kordofan, Sudan.
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Proto-Niger–Congo is the hypothetical reconstructed proto-language of the proposed Niger–Congo language family.
References
- ↑ "Thilo Christian Schadeberg". hoogleraren.universiteitleiden.nl (in Dutch). Leiden University. 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ↑ "Journal of African Languages and Linguistics. Edited by: Felix K. Ameka, Azeb Amha". degruyter.com. Walter De Gruyter GmbH. 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
- ↑ "Titelei Volume 5, Number 2, October 1983". degruyter.com. Walter De Gruyter GmbH. October 13, 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
- ↑ "Titelei Volume 11, Number l, April 1989". degruyter.com. Walter De Gruyter GmbH. October 13, 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
- ↑ Newman, Paul (2010). "The making of JALL: Its beginnings and intellectual foundations". scholarworks.iu.edu. Indiana University. Original article: Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 31(1): 3-11. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
The Journal of African Languages and Linguistics (JALL) was founded in 1979 at the University of Leiden, with Paul Newman as Editor and Thilo Schadeberg as Associate Editor.
- ↑ "Prof. dr. Thilo Schadeberg. Geesteswetenschappen. Taal- en letterkunde overige taalgroepen". knaw.nl (in Dutch). KNAW, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ↑ Akinwumi, Olutosin (2004). "Team. Thilo C. Schadeberg". afrikanistik.uni-bayreuth.de. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ↑ "Schadeberg, Thilo C." Worldcat.org. OCLC . Retrieved 5 October 2024.
- ↑ "Articles". scholar.google.com. Google. 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2022. Search for Thilo Schadeberg.
- ↑ Schadeberg, Thilo C. (1981). "Kordofanian". scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl. Leiden University. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ↑ Schadeberg, Thilo C. (1982). "Nasalization in Umbundu". scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl. Leiden University. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ↑ Schadeberg, Thilo C. (1982). "Les suffixes verbaux séparatifs en bantou". scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl. Leiden University. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ↑ Schadeberg, Thilo C. (1986). "Tone cases in Umbundu". scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl. Leiden University. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ↑ Schadeberg, Thilo C. (1989). "Kordofanian". scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl. Leiden University. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ↑ Schadeberg, Thilo C.; Samson, Ridder (1994). "Kiinimacho cha mahali: Kiambishi tamati cha mahali-ni". scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl. Leiden University. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ↑ Schadeberg, Thilo C. (1994). "John Benjamins e-Platform". jbe-platform.com. John Benjamins. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
Many Bantu languages have the balanced seven-vowel system i I ε a ɔ υ u. It is the system that one would, on internal evidence, reconstruct for proto-Bantu. Many other Bantu languages have a reduced five-vowel system i εaɔυu.
- ↑ Schadeberg, Thilo C. (1995). "Object diagnostics in Bantu". scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl. Leiden University. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ↑ Schadeberg, Thilo C. (2002). "Progress in Bantu lexical reconstruction". degruyter.com. De Gruyter. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ↑ Schadeberg, Thilo C. (2003). "Chapter 5. Derivation, in Nurse, D. and Philippson, G., Eds., The Bantu Languages, Routledge Language Family Series". routledgehandbooks.com. Routledge, London. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
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