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Third Saudi State | |||||||||||||||||
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1902–1932 | |||||||||||||||||
Motto: لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله Lā ilāha illa allāh, Muḥammadun rasūlu allāh "There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of God" [1] [a] ( shahada ) | |||||||||||||||||
Anthem: النشيد الوطني السعودي "an-Našīd al-Waṭaniyy as-Suʿūdiyy" "Chant of the Saudi Nation" | |||||||||||||||||
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Capital and largest city | Riyadh 24°39′N46°46′E / 24.650°N 46.767°E | ||||||||||||||||
Official languages | Arabic [5] | ||||||||||||||||
Common languages | Arabic | ||||||||||||||||
Religion | Sunni Islam (official) [6] | ||||||||||||||||
Demonym(s) |
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Government | Islamic absolute monarchy | ||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||
13 January 1902 | |||||||||||||||||
April 1913 | |||||||||||||||||
2 November 1921 | |||||||||||||||||
8 January 1926 | |||||||||||||||||
• Saudi Arabia established | 23 September 1932 | ||||||||||||||||
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The Third Saudi state is the heir to the two earlier Saudi states: the first and the second, founded by Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman (also known as "Ibn Saud"), who managed to capture the city of Riyadh on January 13, 1902. A long series of conflicts and conquests ultimately led to the establishment of the modern and contemporary Saudi state, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The third Saudi state was known at the beginning of its reign as "the Emirate of Riyadh" (1902–1913) and "the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa" (1913–1921). After the overthrow of the rival Emirate of Ha'il gave the Emirate of Najd and Al-Ahsa control of the entire Nejd region, it became known as the Sultanate of Nejd. Abdul Aziz conquered the Kingdom of Hejaz in 1925. He raised Nejd to a kingdom in 1927, and his dominions became known as the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd and its annexes. Abdul Aziz administered the two portions of his dual kingdom separately until the annexation of the Southern Territory and the announcement of the establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932. [7]
According to the basic law, Sunni Islam is the official religion and the country's constitution is the Qur'an and the Sunna (traditions and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad).