Thomas Martin (pathologist)

Last updated

Thomas John Martin
AO FRACP FRCPA FAA FRS [1]
Born
Thomas John "Jack" Martin

(1937-01-24) January 24, 1937 (age 87)
Education University of Melbourne [2] [3]
Degrees:
  • Bachelor of Medicine (MB) (1960) [2]
  • Bachelor of Surgery (BS) (1960) [2]
  • Doctor of Medicine (MD) (1969) [2]
  • Doctor of Science (DSc) (1979) [2]
Alma materUniversity of Melbourne
Known forDiscovery of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions

Thomas John "Jack" Martin is an Australian pathologist, emeritus professor of medicine, physician and academic at University of Melbourne, [2] [3] and researcher who, in 1987, by leading a former team of researchers at the same university, discovered a proteinaceous hormone called parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). [4] [5] In September 2005, further research was conducted by the team of Dengshun Miao [6] and David Goltzman at the Calcium Research Laboratory and Department of Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital of the McGill University Health Centre, and others. [6]

Contents

Martin is a member of Natalie A. Sims' laboratory [7] at Saint Vincent's Institute of Medical Research. [8] He works in the institute's Division of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, and his primary interest is cell biology of bones. [9]

Research career

Martin was the director of St Vincent's Institute from 1988 to 2002. [10] In September 2005, Martin found that PTHrP produced by osteoblasts is a physiological regulator of bone formation. [11]

In July 2022, Martin and his team at Natalie A. Sims' lab, after much research on mice, found that deletion of the gene that codes for a receptor protein called granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSF) increases physiological dysfunction of cortical bones of mice having hyperactivated STAT3 proteins in their bone cells. [12] Cortical bone maturation depends on SOCS3-mediated suppression of interleukin-6 cytokine-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in bone cells, which form the cellular network embedded in bone matrix. They concluded that G-CSFR signaling could indirectly limit bone resorption and angiogenesis, and thereby has a major role in replacing condensed trabecular bone with lamellar bone during cortical bone formation. [12]

Awards and honours

YearAward
1969 Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (FRACP) [2]
1971Selwyn Smith Prize for medical research [2]
1974Eric Susman Prize received from the Royal Australasian College of Physicians [2]
1990Lemberg Medal received from the Australian Biochemical Society [2]
1992
  • Honorary Doctor of Medicine (MD(Hon)) received from the University of Sheffield [2]
  • Dale Medal received from the British Society for Endocrinology [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">G protein</span> Type of proteins

G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior. Their activity is regulated by factors that control their ability to bind to and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). When they are bound to GTP, they are 'on', and, when they are bound to GDP, they are 'off'. G proteins belong to the larger group of enzymes called GTPases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parathyroid hormone</span> Mammalian protein found in humans

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also called parathormone or parathyrin, is a peptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates the serum calcium concentration through its effects on bone, kidney, and intestine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Osteoblast</span> Cells secreting extracellular matrix

Osteoblasts are cells with a single nucleus that synthesize bone. However, in the process of bone formation, osteoblasts function in groups of connected cells. Individual cells cannot make bone. A group of organized osteoblasts together with the bone made by a unit of cells is usually called the osteon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calcitonin</span> Peptide hormone secreted by the thyroid

Calcitonin is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone secreted by parafollicular cells (also known as C cells) of the thyroid (or endostyle) in humans and other chordates in the ultimopharyngeal body. It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca2+), opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parathyroid hormone-related protein</span> Mammalian protein

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a proteinaceous hormone and a member of the parathyroid hormone family secreted by mesenchymal stem cells. It is occasionally secreted by cancer cells. However, it also has normal functions in bone, teeth, vascular tissues and other tissues.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Osteoclast</span> Cell that breaks down bone tissue

An osteoclast is a type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue. This function is critical in the maintenance, repair, and remodeling of bones of the vertebral skeleton. The osteoclast disassembles and digests the composite of hydrated protein and mineral at a molecular level by secreting acid and a collagenase, a process known as bone resorption. This process also helps regulate the level of blood calcium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bone resorption</span> Breakdown of bone tissue to be absorbed into the blood

Bone resorption is resorption of bone tissue, that is, the process by which osteoclasts break down the tissue in bones and release the minerals, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone tissue to the blood.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Macrophage colony-stimulating factor</span> Mammalian protein found in humans

The colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), is a secreted cytokine which causes hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into macrophages or other related cell types. Eukaryotic cells also produce M-CSF in order to combat intercellular viral infection. It is one of the three experimentally described colony-stimulating factors. M-CSF binds to the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor. It may also be involved in development of the placenta.

There are two known parathyroid hormone receptors in mammals termed PTH1R and PTH2R. These receptors bind parathyroid hormone and are members of the GPCR family of transmembrane proteins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia</span> Rare genetic disorder involving dwarfism and endocrine symptoms

Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (JMC) is a disease that results from ligand-independent activation of the type 1 (PTH1R) of the parathyroid hormone receptor, due to one of three reported mutations.

Henry Kronenberg is an American physician and academic. As of 2006 he is the immediate past Division Head of Endocrinology at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, MA and a Professor of Medicine at the Harvard Medical School. He is noted for his work on parathyroid hormone and the use of genetic mouse models to understand the role of parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related protein in the regulation of bone formation and remodeling. He graduated from Harvard College and Columbia Medical School.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oncostatin M receptor</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Oncostatin-M specific receptor subunit beta also known as the Oncostatin M receptor (OSMR), is one of the receptor proteins for oncostatin M, that in humans is encoded by the OSMR gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor, also known as parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PTH1R gene. PTH1R functions as a receptor for parathyroid hormone (PTH) and for parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), also called parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parathyroid hormone 2 receptor</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Parathyroid hormone 2 receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PTH2R gene.

Osteomimicry occurs when cancer cells begin to express genes normally restricted to cells present within the bone. These genes include osteocalcin, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, osteonectin, RANK ligand and parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP). This change in gene expression allows cancer cells to avoid detection by the immune system and establish colonies in the bone microenvironment. Cancer cells expressing these genes secrete normal bone ECM protein products, abnormally altering the bone matrix and activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the local microenvironment.

The parathyroid hormone family is a family of structurally and functionally related proteins. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a polypeptidic hormone primarily involved in calcium metabolism. The parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP) is a related protein with predominantly paracrine function and possibly an endocrine role in lactation, as PTHrP has been found to be secreted by mammary glands into the circulation and increase bone turnover. PTH and PTH-rP bind to the same G-protein coupled receptor. The related protein PTH-L has been found in teleost fish, which also have two forms of PTH and PTHrP. Three subfamilies can be identified: PTH, PTHrP and PTH-L.

Abaloparatide, sold under the brand name Tymlos among others, is a parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) analog medication used to treat osteoporosis. It is an anabolic agent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eldecalcitol</span> Chemical compound

Eldecalcitol is an analog of calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D.

Recombinant human parathyroid hormone, sold under the brand name Preotact among others, is an artificially manufactured form of the parathyroid hormone used to treat hypoparathyroidism. Recombinant human parathyroid hormone is used in the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk of osteoporotic fractures. A significant reduction in the incidence of vertebral fractures has been demonstrated. It is used in combination with calcium and vitamin D supplements.

A bone growth factor is a growth factor that stimulates the growth of bone tissue.

References

  1. ↑ "Prof T.J. (Jack) Martin". Saint Vincent's Institute. Archived from the original on October 30, 2022. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Centre for Transformative Innovation, Swinburne University of Technology. "Martin, Thomas John (Jack)". Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation . Archived from the original on January 1, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  3. 1 2 Fioritti, Nathan (November 22, 2016). "Professor Emeritus Thomas John Martin AO". Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences. Archived from the original on October 29, 2022. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  4. ↑ Martin TJ, Moseley JM, Gillespie MT (1991). "Parathyroid hormone-related protein: biochemistry and molecular biology". Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 26 (3–4): 377–395. doi:10.3109/10409239109114073. PMID   1935171. Archived from the original on October 17, 2022. Retrieved October 29, 2022.
  5. ↑ USpatent 5460978A,Martin TJ, Moseley JM, Kemp BE, Wettenhall RE,"Protein active in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy-PthrP",issued October 24, 1995, assigned to University of Melbourne
  6. 1 2 Miao, D.; He, B.; Jiang, Y.; Kobayashi, T.; Sorocéanu, M. A.; Zhao, J.; et al. (September 2005). "Osteoblast-derived PTHrP is a potent endogenous bone anabolic agent that modifies the therapeutic efficacy of administered PTH 1-34". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115 (9): 2402–2411. doi:10.1172/JCI24918. PMC   1193882 . PMID   16138191.
  7. ↑ Sims, Natalie A. "Natalie A Sims's Lab". ResearchGate .
  8. ↑ Martin, Thomas J. "Thomas Martin - Saint Vincent's Institute". ResearchGate . Archived from the original on August 11, 2022. Retrieved October 29, 2022.
  9. ↑ "Prof Thomas Martin". Find an Expert - University of Melbourne . Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved October 29, 2022.
  10. 1 2 3 "2022 TJ Martin Medal Award Winner". ACMD. Archived from the original on October 30, 2022. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  11. ↑ Martin TJ (September 2005). "Osteoblast-derived PTHrP is a physiological regulator of bone formation". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115 (9): 2322–2324. doi:10.1172/JCI26239. PMC   1193889 . PMID   16138187.
  12. 1 2 Isojima, Tsuyoshi; Walker, Emma C; Poulton, Ingrid J; McGregor, Narelle E; Wicks, Ian P; Gooi, Jonathan H; Martin, T John; Sims, Natalie A (July 20, 2022). "G-CSF Receptor Deletion Amplifies Cortical Bone Dysfunction in Mice With STAT3 Hyperactivation in Osteocytes". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 37 (10): 1876–1890. doi:10.1002/jbmr.4654. ISSN   0884-0431.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.