Timeline of SOE's Prosper Network

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The Prosper Network, also called the Physician Network, was the most important network in France of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in 1943. SOE was a secret British organization in World War II. The objectives of SOE were to conduct espionage, sabotage, and reconnaissance in occupied Europe and Asia against the Axis powers, especially Nazi Germany. SOE agents in France allied themselves with French Resistance groups and supplied them with weapons and equipment parachuted in from Britain.

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An SOE network in France (also called a circuit or a reseau) usually consisted of three agents: an organizer and leader, a courier, and a radio operator. However, Prosper, based in Paris, grew to be much larger. The Prosper Network began in September 1942 when Andrée Borrel parachuted into France, followed by leader Francis Suttill, code named "Prosper," a few days later. Based in Paris, Suttill had early success in finding French supporters willing to oppose the German occupation of France. Prosper soon had links from the "Ardennes to the Atlantic" in northern France with 30 SOE agents and hundreds of French associates. The destruction of Prosper began with the capture by Germans of Suttill and others in June 1943 and continued for months afterwards. SOE French Section headquarters in London, headed by Maurice Buckmaster and Nicolas Bodington, was slow to recognize that Prosper had been destroyed and that its radios were controlled by the Germans. Most of the captured SOE agents and many of their French associates were executed. SOE agents captured by the Germans were customarily treated with the Nacht und Nebel (Night and Fog) policy by which they disappeared without a trace into German concentration camps or were executed with no records being kept as to their fate. [1]

The literature about the Prosper network is large and theories, often conspiratorial, abound about the reasons for the fall of Prosper and its aftermath. [2] The conclusions of M.R.D. Foot in his official history of SOE's F (French) Section were that the disaster was caused by the incompetence of SOE agents in France and gullibility of SOE leaders in London, plus the work of an alleged double agent, Henri Déricourt. [3] Sarah Helm's conclusions were that the errors were due to "terrible incompetence and tragic mistakes". [4] Mark Seaman cited also the "efficient practices" of the German security forces. [5] The opposing view, advocated by a few, is that Prosper was deliberately sacrificed by the British intelligence services as part of Operation Cockade to mislead the Germans about allied plans for the invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe. The reasoning behind the deception was that if the Germans anticipated an invasion of France in 1943, they would maintain or expand their occupation forces in western Europe, rather than sending resources east to combat the advancing Soviet Army. [2]

1942

France in 1942. France map Lambert-93 with regions and departments-occupation.svg
France in 1942.

1943 (January to June)

The Westland Lysander ferried agents back and forth to England. A CLE Canister beneath the fuselage carried supplies. Westland Lysander-B-MA.jpg
The Westland Lysander ferried agents back and forth to England. A CLE Canister beneath the fuselage carried supplies.
SOE (F) Networks in France June 1943.jpg

1943 (July to December)

The B2 radio weighed a cumbersome 15 kg (33 lb) and required a long exterior aerial to transmit. A radio operator had the most dangerous of SOE jobs in France. Kofferset 3MK II.jpg
The B2 radio weighed a cumbersome 15 kg (33 lb) and required a long exterior aerial to transmit. A radio operator had the most dangerous of SOE jobs in France.

1944

1945

Post war

Footnotes

  1. Foot 1976, pp. 307–328.
  2. 1 2 Suttill 2018, pp. 267–287.
  3. Foot 1976, pp. 289, 309.
  4. Helm 2005, p. 423.
  5. Suttill 2018, p. 10.
  6. Marshall 1989, pp. 43–48, 52, 64, 97–99.
  7. Foot 1976, p. 291.
  8. Helm 2005, p. 53.
  9. Marnham 2020, p. 267.
  10. O'Connor 2018, p. 103.
  11. King 1989, p. 239-246.
  12. Suttill 2018, pp. 49–50.
  13. Foot 1976, p. 199.
  14. Suttill 2018, pp. 52–53.
  15. Foot 1976, p. 205.
  16. Suttill 2018, p. 72.
  17. Foot 1976, pp. 138, 257.
  18. Foot 1976, pp. 198–199, 291.
  19. Foot 1976, pp. 290–291.
  20. Suttill 2018, pp. 275, 294.
  21. Helm 2005, p. 356.
  22. Suttill 2018, pp. 290, 363.
  23. Foot 1976, p. 298.
  24. Suttill 2018, p. 121,344.
  25. Foot 1976, p. 309.
  26. Suttill 2018, p. 124-125, 269-273.
  27. Helm 2005, pp. 29–30.
  28. Foot 1976, pp. 311–314.
  29. Suttill 2018, p. 190.
  30. Cookridge 1967, p. 138.
  31. Marnham 2020, pp. 116–120.
  32. Foot 1976, pp. 314–315.
  33. Escott 2010, pp. 98–99.
  34. Escott 2010, pp. 41–43.
  35. King 1989, p. 395.
  36. Suttill 2018, pp. 214–21.
  37. Suttill 2018, pp. 360–374.
  38. Marnham 2020, p. 116.
  39. Foot 1976, p. 299.
  40. Glass 2018, pp. 104–106.
  41. Foot 1976, p. 316.
  42. Helm 2005, pp. 33–34.
  43. Helm 2005, pp. 34–37.
  44. Foot 1976, pp. 322–323.
  45. Suttill 2018, pp. 210–216.
  46. Foot 1976, pp. 320–322.
  47. Suttill 2018, pp. 209–210.
  48. Foot 1976, pp. 319–321.
  49. 1 2 Suttill 2018, p. 345.
  50. Helm 2005, pp. 324–327.
  51. Suttill 2018, p. 251.
  52. Verity 2017, pp. 113, 211.
  53. Suttill 2018, pp. 251–256.
  54. Suttill 2018, p. 255.
  55. Suttill 2018, p. 253-257.
  56. Suttill 2018, p. 306.
  57. Helm 2005, pp. 71–77.
  58. Glass 2018, p. 107.
  59. Helm 2005, pp. 308–309.
  60. Escott 2010, pp. 100–101.
  61. Foot 1976, pp. 299–300.
  62. Verity 2017, p. 167.
  63. Helm 2005, pp. 286–287.
  64. Glass 2018, pp. 137–138.
  65. Suttill 2018, pp. 377–385.
  66. Foot 1976, p. 321.
  67. Foot 1976, p. 300.
  68. Foot 1976, pp. 300–301.
  69. Verity 2017, p. 218.
  70. Foot 1976, p. 402.
  71. Glass 2018, p. 189.
  72. Helm 2005, pp. 264–273.
  73. Helm 2005, p. 76.
  74. Saward, Joe (2006). The Grand Prix Saboteurs. London: Morienval Press. pp. 295–302. ISBN   9780955486807.
  75. "La Libération de Paris, victoire militaire et politique des Français" [The Liberation of Paris, French military and political victory]. Gouvernement.fr (in French). French Republic. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  76. O'Connor 2012, p. 108.
  77. Helm 2005, p. 92.
  78. Suttill 2018, p. 331.
  79. Glass 2018, p. 255.
  80. Marshall 1989, pp. 259–260.
  81. Helm 2005, pp. 346–361.
  82. Glass 2018, pp. 257–258.
  83. Glass 2018, p. 258.
  84. Helm 2005, p. 362-366.
  85. Fuller 1975, pp. 158–163.
  86. Marshall 1989, p. 266.
  87. Helm 2005, pp. 362–364.
  88. Marshall 1989, pp. 263–270.
  89. Marshall 1989, pp. 275–278.

Bibliography