Tina Stege is the Climate Envoy for the Marshall Islands (RMI). The RMI is one of the countries in the world most vulnerable to climate change, [1] mainly as a result of rising sea levels. [2] Among other meetings, Stege has represented her country at the 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP25) held in Madrid, Spain, the 2021 Conference (COP26) held in Glasgow, Scotland and the 2022 Conference (COP27) held in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. She has also been a spokesperson for the RMI on the impacts of nuclear testing.
Kristina Eonemto Stege was born in Saipan on the Northern Mariana Islands and raised on Kwajalein Atoll and in Majuro in the Marshall Islands. She went to school in Honolulu. Stege received an undergraduate degree in 1997 from Princeton University in New Jersey, US, and a master's in anthropology from Aix-Marseille University in France in 2006. [3] [4]
Stege began her career in 1998 in the RMI Ministry of Foreign Affairs. She then transferred to the Marshall Islands embassy in Washington, D.C., where she worked for almost seven years, being responsible for liaison with the United States Congress. Returning home, in 2007 she was a researcher on a Land and Women project of the Pacific Islands Forum. In 2010 she worked for the United States government on matters relating to emigration to the US. She also carried out various consultancies, including for the Asian Development Bank and Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand, in the latter case working on the unresolved legacy of U.S. nuclear testing in the Marshall Islands. She has also worked closely with the Marshallese Education Initiative, an organization based in northwest Arkansas, US, where more than 12,000 Marshallese live. [4] [5]
In September 2015, Stege addressed the United Nations at its commemoration of the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons, stressing that the people of the Marshall Islands know what it is to be living in a nuclear world, having been subjected to US tests, which were having a continued impact. In 2018 she was appointed as Climate Envoy of the RMI, and is based in New York. In this capacity she attended the 2019, 2021, 2022 and 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conferences (COP25, 26, 27 and 28). Her country is in danger from rising sea levels with the existence of the nation of the Marshall Islands under threat. [2] Two fifths of the buildings in the capital will be flooded and several of the Marshall Islands will disappear as predicted by a World Bank report. [2] The impact of climate change is already being felt in her country. An airport runway was flooded by the sea and there has been an outbreak of dengue fever, attributed to higher temperatures. [6] [7] [8] [9]
Stege is chair of the High Ambition Coalition which links richer nations with smaller, poorer nations to discuss the impact of the former's climate activity on the latter. [10] The High Ambition Group had been formed to address Tony deBrum, the former and late Marshall Islands Foreign Minister's, challenge to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees during the Paris Agreement talks. [11] Stege is also deBrum's niece. [10] During COP26, she appeared on The Andrew Marr Show . [12] Marr asked her about the dangers that the Marshall Islands was facing and Stege noted the droughts they had experienced and the plans to raise the level of islands using funds that had been promised by other countries. [13]
At the end of COP28 Stege was slightly late on the last day. By the time she and her minister had entered the room the final vote had been taken. Anna Rasmussen who was the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS)'s chief negotiator was in shock that a decision had been made when they were not there. The agreement was an improvement but it was such a small change and a step change was required to save the islands. [14]
The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands, is an island country west of the International Date Line and north of the equator in the Micronesia region in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. The territory consists of 29 coral atolls and five islands, divided across two island chains: Ratak in the east and Ralik in the west. 97.87% of its territory is water, the largest proportion of water to land of any sovereign state. The country shares maritime boundaries with Wake Island to the north, Kiribati to the southeast, Nauru to the south, and the Federated States of Micronesia to the west. The capital and largest city is Majuro, home to approximately half of the country's population.
The Marshall Islands consist of two archipelagic island chains of 30 atolls and 1,152 islands, which form two parallel groups—the "Ratak" (sunrise) chain and the "Ralik" (sunset) chain. The Marshalls are located in the North Pacific Ocean and share maritime boundaries with Micronesia and Kiribati. Two-thirds of the nation's population lives in the capital of Majuro and the settlement of Ebeye. The outer islands are sparsely populated due to lack of employment opportunities and economic development.
Kwajalein Atoll is part of the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). The southernmost and largest island in the atoll is named Kwajalein Island, which its majority English-speaking residents often use the shortened name, Kwaj. The total land area of the atoll amounts to just over 6 square miles (16 km2). It lies in the Ralik Chain, 2,100 nautical miles southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii.
"Forever Marshall Islands", also known by its incipit, "Aelōn̄ Eo Ao", is the national anthem of the Marshall Islands. The lyrics were written by former President Amata Kabua, and the music was composed by Korean composer Gil ok-yun by the request of President Kabua. The song was finished and recorded at Oasis Records in Seoul. Kabua and Gil became acquaintances after Jiyong (池勇), an economic adviser for President Amata Kabua, introduced Gil Ok Yun to Kabua.
The Compacts of Free Association (COFA) are international agreements establishing and governing the relationships of free association between the United States and the three Pacific Island sovereign states of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), and the Republic of Palau. As a result, these countries are sometimes known as the Freely Associated States (FASs). All three agreements next expire in 2043.
Marshallese Americans are Americans of Marshallese descent or Marshallese people naturalized in the United States. According to the 2010 census, 22,434 people of Marshallese origin lived in the United States at that time, though that number has grown significantly over the last decade. A 2018 estimate put the number at approximately 30,000, while the 2020 census found a population of 47,300. The United States has the highest concentration of Marshallese people outside the Marshall Islands. Most of these Marshallese people live in Hawaii and Arkansas, with significant populations in Washington, California, Oklahoma and Oregon.
Tony deBrum was a Marshallese politician and government minister. His cabinet posts included Minister in Assistance to the President of Marshall Islands, Minister of Finance, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Education.
David Kabua is a Marshallese politician who served as President of the Marshall Islands from 2020 to 2024. He has represented Wotho Atoll in the Legislature of the Marshall Islands since 2008 and served terms as Minister of Health and Internal Affairs.
Hilda Cathy Heine is a Marshallese educator and politician who has served as the president of the Marshall Islands since 2024, having previously served from 2016 to 2020. Prior to assuming office, she served as the Minister of Education. She was the first individual from the Marshall Islands to earn a doctorate degree, and the founder of the women's rights group Women United Together Marshall Islands (WUTMI).
Casten Ned Nemra is a Marshallese politician who was President of the Marshall Islands for 17 days in January 2016. He was elected by the Nitijeļā (Parliament) as President in January 2016, following the 2015 general election, narrowly defeating Senator Alvin Jacklick, a seven-term member of Parliament, by a 17–16 vote. He was the youngest person to hold the job and the second commoner. He was ousted by a vote of no confidence after just two weeks in office by the opposition for jumping ship and joining Iroij Mike Kabua's Aelon Kein Ad party along with Senators Dennis Momotaro and Daisy-Alik Momotaro.
Kenneth Kedi is a Marshallese politician. He was Speaker of the Legislature of the Marshall Islands between 2016 and 2024, having been re-elected in 2020. Kedi is a member of the Kien Eo Ad (KEA) party.
India–Marshall Islands relations are the bilateral relations between India and the Marshall Islands. The respective embassies of the two countries in Tokyo, Japan are concurrently accredited to each other. Marshall Islands maintains an Honorary Consulate in New Delhi.
Marshall Islands Nuclear Claims Tribunal is an international arbitral tribunal established pursuant to the Agreement Between the Government of the United States and the Government of the Marshall Islands for the Implementation of Section 177 of the Compact of Free Association. The Claims Tribunal has the "jurisdiction to render final determination upon all claims past, present and future, of the Government, citizens and nationals of the Marshall Islands which are based on, arise out of, or are in any way related to the [American] Nuclear Testing Program."
Kathy Jetn̄il-Kijiner is a poet and climate change activist from the Marshall Islands.
The High Ambition Coalition (HAC) is an informal group of countries within the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) committed to advancing progressive proposals on climate ambition. The HAC was founded by the Republic of the Marshall Islands in 2014 with the aim of ensuring the Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, was as ambitious as possible. The group succeeded in securing the Paris Agreement's most ambitious provisions, including the five year ratchet-up cycles of nationally-determined contributions, as well as language in Article 2 related to pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The Republic of the Marshall Islands serves as the convener and secretariat of the HAC.
The 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference, also known as COP25, was the 25th United Nations Climate Change conference. It was held in Madrid, Spain, from 2 to 13 December 2019 under the presidency of the Chilean government. The conference incorporated the 25th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the 15th meeting of the parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP15), and the second meeting of the parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA2).
The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference, more commonly referred to as COP26, was the 26th United Nations Climate Change conference, held at the SEC Centre in Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, from 31 October to 13 November 2021. The president of the conference was UK cabinet minister Alok Sharma. Delayed for a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was the 26th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the third meeting of the parties to the 2015 Paris Agreement, and the 16th meeting of the parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP16).
Climate change in the Marshall Islands is a major issue for the country. As with many countries made up of low-lying islands, the Marshall Islands is highly vulnerable to sea level rise and other impacts of climate change. The atoll and capital city of Majuro are particularly vulnerable, and the issue poses significant implications for the country's population. These threats have prompted Marshallese political leaders to make climate change a key diplomatic issue, who have responded with initiatives such as the Majuro Declaration.
Selina Neirok Leem is a climate change activist and spoken word performer from the Marshall Islands. She was the youngest speaker at COP21 and has also spoken at COP26, making a "passionate plea" to world leaders for increased action on addressing climate change. Selina just recently became a TED speaker at the 2021 TED countdown summit.
There is a population of Marshallese people in Northwest Arkansas, concentrated in Springdale.