Torgau is a board wargame published by Game Designers' Workshop (GDW) in 1974 that simulates the Battle of Torgau between Prussians and Austrians in 1760 during the Seven Years' War, a costly battle for both sides. Reviews were generally favorable, although gameplay was characterized as very long (10–12 hours), complex, and more similar to traditional miniatures wargaming than board wargames.
In November 1760, Field Marshal Leopold Josef Graf Daun arrayed his imperial Austrian forces in a strong defensive position on a hilltop near the town of Torgau in Saxony. Frederick the Great sent his four corps to attack different points of the Austrian perimeter, but due to communications problems, these were not well-coordinated, and Prussian losses mounted. After dusk, when fighting had concluded, a Prussian corps unexpectedly attacked again, catching the Austrians by surprise. [1]
Torgau is a two-player wargame in which one player controls Frederick the Great's Prussians, and the other player the Austrian forces of Field Marshall Daun. With a large 21" x 31" hex grid map scaled at 200 yds (180 m) per hex, [2] 480 counters, and a new rules system based more on traditional miniatures sandbox wargames than board wargames, [2] [3] Torgau has been characterized as "reasonably complex." [4]
The Austrian player sets up on the board in any formation or placement desired. On the first turn, the Prussian player can send forces onto the map using any or all of the marked hexes at the edge of the map. However, the Prussians are subject to command control issues, and Prussian units may end up entering at the wrong hex or might march off in the wrong direction. [4] [5]
In contrast to most other board wargames, counters do not have a zone of control. [4] Counters also have a front face, which affects the direction of movement and firing. [3] Unlike most board wargames, which either limit the number of counters that can be stacked in the same hex or don't allow stacking, Torgau's stacking limit is 300 soldiers, which must all be placed into either line formation or column formation. [5] Certain types of counters cannot be mixed together in one stack. (For example, cavalry cannot stack with infantry.) [4]
The game uses a complex series of movement turns blended with both offensive and defensive fire. [2] Unlike many board wargames, melee combat is not initiated when units are adjacent. Instead, melee combat happens when enemy units occupy the same hex. [4] Combat damage uses a step reduction system, where a unit's strength is gradually reduced as it takes more damage. [5]
The game comes with only one scenario, a long game of 56 turns that covers the entire battle, where each turn represents 15 minutes of the battle. [5]
Torgau was designed by Frank Chadwick, and released as a zip lock bag game by GDW in 1974.
In the November 1975 issue of Airfix Magazine , Bruce Quarrie commented, "A considerable degree of sophistication is achieved with simple rules and devices, and after the opening moves [...] the game becomes fast and exciting. It forcefully brings home the principles of battlefield tactics and a single slip can bring disaster." Quarrie concluded, "Altogether a well-produced game and recommended." [3]
In a 1976 poll conducted by Simulations Publications to determine the most popular board wargames in North America, Torgau was rated very highly, placing an excellent 7th out of 202 games. [6]
In his 1977 book The Comprehensive Guide to Board Wargaming , Nick Palmer called this game "admirable for its detail but slower than less precise games." He noted that "Command control problems plague Frederick as he marches onto the battlefield, with a difficult dilemma between a safe approach and a fast one." Palmer concluded, "A large but not unmanageable game." [6] In his 1980 sequel, The Best of Board Wargaming , Palmer gave the game an Excitement grade of 60%, saying, "A long game with too many die-rolls for comfort and a strong edge to defending troops which forces both players to exercise caution, but an interesting simulation of a rarely seen war." [5]
In Issue 8 of the UK wargaming magazine Phoenix , Tony Dinsdale characterized the stacking limit rule as "quite revolutionary and requires some thought." He also thought that "where the game really draws my vote is the wealth of strategies available to both sides, but especially the Prussian." Dinsdale concluded that Torgau was "a good simulation of the period and is most professionally presented. [...] It is good to know that in these days of world recession Torgau is wonderful value for money in all respects." [4]
In The Guide to Simulations/Games for Education and Training, Martin Campion commented on the game as an educational aid, saying, "The game is difficult but seems faithful to eighteenth-century warfare. There are many ways of dividing the sides up among several commanders." [7]
In the 1980 book The Complete Book of Wargames , game designer Jon Freeman wrote that the then five-year-old game "was an important — if flawed — game" since it had led to the development of larger games such as La Bataille de la Moskowa and Terrible Swift Sword . Freeman questioned the overworking of the rules, noting that "Torgau has a wealth of design ideas but some poor development". He also felt that the game was unbalanced in favor of the Austrians, commenting that "it takes a superior Prussian player to beat the Austrian." Freeman concluded by giving the game an Overall Evaluation of "Fair but Significant", saying, "Despite its overworked fire system and opaque rules, Torgau is tense, if tough, game." [2]
Drang Nach Osten! is a monster board wargame published in 1973 by Game Designers' Workshop (GDW) that simulates Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. The game was the first of what was envisioned as a series of games with identical wargame rules and map scale that would simulate the entire Second World War in Europe.
Invasion: America, subtitled "Death Throes of the Superpower", is a near-future board wargame published by SPI in 1976 that simulates a hypothetical coordinated attack on North America by various factions.
Blue & Gray: Four American Civil War Battles is a board wargame originally published by Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI) in 1975 that simulates four battles from the American Civil War.
The Fast Carriers, subtitled "Air-Sea Operations, 1941–77" is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1975 that simulates naval combat involving aircraft carriers from 1941 to the mid-1970s.
La Grande Armée, subtitled "The Campaigns of Napoleon in Central Europe", is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1972 that simulates three campaigns of Napoleon.
Coral Sea, subtitled "Turning the Japanese Advance, 1942", is a board wargame published by Game Designers' Workshop (GDW) in 1974 that simulates the Battle of the Coral Sea in the Pacific Theater of World War II.
Lee Moves North, originally titled Lee at Gettysburg and subtitled "The Confederate Summer Offensive, 1862 & 1863", is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1972 that simulates Robert E. Lee's summer offenses of 1862 and 1863 during the American Civil War
MechWar '77, subtitled "Tactical Armored Combat in the 1970s", is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1975 that simulates hypothetical tank combat in the mid-1970s between various adversaries, using the same rules system as the previously published Panzer '44.
Napoleon at War, subtitled "Four Battles", is a collection of four board wargames published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1975 that simulates various battles fought by Napoleon.
Bloody Ridge, subtitled "Turning Point on Guadalcanal, September 1942", is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1975 that simulates the Guadalcanal Campaign during World War II. The game was originally published as part of the Island War: Four Pacific Battles "quadrigame" — a gamebox containing four games simulating four separate battles that all use the same rules. Bloody Ridge was also published as an individual "folio game."
Battle for Midway: Decision in the Pacific, 1942 is a board wargame published by Game Designers' Workshop (GDW) in 1976 that simulates the Battle of Midway during World War II.
Thirty Years War, subtitled "Four Battles", is a "quadrigame" — four separate board wargames packaged in one box that use a common set of rules — published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1976. The four games simulate different battles during the Thirty Years' War, and were sold individually as well as in the quadrigame format. Some of the games were well received by critics, but overall, the quadrigame did not sell well.
Breitenfeld, subtitled "Triumph of the Swedish System", is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1976 that simulates the 1642 Battle of Breitenfeld during the Thirty Years' War. Breitenfeld was a free game that appeared in Strategy & Tactics, designed to promote SPI's soon-to-be-launched wargame Thirty Years War. Breitenfeld proved popular and was also published as part of SPI's "folio" series of games.
The Battle of Raphia, 217 B.C. is a board wargame published by Game Designers' Workshop (GDW) in 1977 that simulates the Battle of Raphia during the Syrian Wars. The game was the first in GDW's "Series 120", which featured shorter and less complex games containing only 120 counters that supposedly could be played in 120 minutes.
Bar-Lev, subtitled "The Yom-Kippur War of 1973", is a board wargame published by Conflict Games in 1974, only months after the end of the Yom Kippur War. The game simulates battles on the two major fronts of the war: the Golan Heights and the Suez Canal. The game proved very popular, and a second edition was published by Game Designers' Workshop (GDW) in 1977.
Frigate: Sea War in the Age of Sail is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1974 that simulates naval combat in the 18th and 19th century Age of Sail.
Jena-Auerstadt: The Battle for Prussia is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1975 that simulates the twin battles of Jena and Auerstadt in October 1806. It was one of four games that were part of the "quadrigame" titled Napoleon at War, but it was also released as an individual "folio game" packaged in a shrinkwrapped cardstock folio. Jena-Auerstadt was rated highly in a 1976 poll of favorite wargames, but critics questioned whether its simplicity was capable of simulating a complicated two-part battle.
1815: The Waterloo Campaign is a board wargame published by Game Designers' Workshop (GDW) in 1975 that simulates the final three days of Napoleon's last campaign, culminating in the Battle of Waterloo. Reviewers characterized the game as not too complex, playable, fast-moving, and enjoyable. The game was found to be tilted in favor of the French, and GDW released a second edition in 1982 that addressed that issue.
Spartan: Tactical Warfare in the Hellenistic Age, 500-100BC is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI) in 1975 that simulates battles during the rise of Greece to the period of Roman rule. Originally published by SPI as Phalanx, the game was revised and republished with the title Spartan as part of a series called PRESTAGS.
Pharsalus: The Clash of Legions, August 9, 48 B.C. is a board wargame published by Game Designers' Workshop (GDW) in 1977 that simulates the Battle of Pharsalus, which decided who would rule the Roman Empire, Pompey or Julius Caesar.