Tribhuvana Mahadevi III (died 905), was the queen regnant of the Indian Bhauma-Kara dynasty's Kingdom of Toshala [1] in 896-905 AD. [2]
She was married to Sivakara III. Her spouse succeeded his brother Subhakaradeva IV in 882. When he died in 890, he was succeeded by his brothers widow Tribhuvana Mahadevi II, who was supported by her father, a foreign king. [3]
In 896, the officials of the court assisted her in a coup to depose her sister-in-law and assume the throne. [4] She took titles such as ‘Parama-bhattarika’, ‘Maharajadhiraja’ and ‘Paramesvari’. [5] She was praised for magnanimity, courtesies, grace, beauty and bravery. She was a devout Vaisnava.[ citation needed ]
According to the Dhenkanal Charter she granted the village Kontaspara to the astrologer Bhatta Jagadhar for the purpose of bringing down rain and averting death.[ citation needed ]
She was succeeded by her late spouse's sons Shantikaradeva III and Subhakaradeva V.[ citation needed ]
King of Kings was a ruling title employed primarily by monarchs based in the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent. Commonly associated with Iran, especially the Achaemenid and Sasanian Empires, the title was originally introduced during the Middle Assyrian Empire by king Tukulti-Ninurta I and was subsequently used in a number of different kingdoms and empires, including the aforementioned Persia, various Hellenic kingdoms, India, Armenia, Georgia, and Ethiopia.
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The Bhauma dynasty, also known as Kara dynasty, ruled in eastern India between 8th and 10th centuries. Their kingdom, called Toshala, included parts of present-day Odisha.
Paramavaishnavi Goswamini Devi or Tribhuvana Mahadevi I was the first female ruler of the Bhaumakara Dynasty in ancient Odisha and the widow of king Santikara I who ascended the throne of Toshali or Utkala between the years 843 A.D to 845 A.D and ruled until 850 A.D after the premature death of her ruling son Subhakara III. Some historians believe that she might have ruled as long as 863 A.D abdicating the throne for her grandson Santikara II after he turned older and eligible to run the administration.
Tribhuvana Mahadevi II also known as Prithivi Mahadevi, was the queen regnant of the Indian Bhauma-Kara dynasty's Kingdom of Toshala in Kalinga in 890-896 AD.
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Dandi Mahadevi was the queen regnant of the Indian Kingdom of Odisha circa 916-936.
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Next female rulers were Tribhuvana Mahadevi II (890-896AD) and Tribhuvana Mahadevi III (896-905AD).
Tribhubana-mahadevi III, like her predecessor Prthvimahadevi, assumed imperial titles of Parama-bhattarika, Maharajadhiraja Paramesvari.