10 Kutumba 18 Gothra | |
|---|---|
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Tulunad (Dakshina Kannada, Kasaragod), Kodagu | |
| Languages | |
| Tulu, [1] [2] Arebhashe | |
| Religion | |
| Hinduism |
Tulu Gowda and Arebhashe Gowda (Gauda) are primarily found in South Canara District, Kodagu District, Indian state of Karnataka and Bandadka village of Kasaragod. They are officially considered a subsect of the Vokkaliga community but are culturally and linguistically different. [2] They speak Tulu and Arebhashe. [3] [4] [5]
They were originally called Natha Pantha and Shaivas, owing allegiance to Sringeri Matha. During Emperor Vishnuvardhana’s rule, they became Vaishnavites and worshiped Tirupati Venkataramana (Balaji of Tirupati) and Sabbakka (Sharada of Sringeri). They then settled in the Mangalore-Udupi (Dakshina Kannada-Udupi) region where they spoke the Tulu language. They are said to have 10 Kutumba and 18 Bari as their primordial root families, from which a Nūru Mane or "hundred families" arose. Many of these families settled in Kodagu from the time of Talakadu Gangas (200 – 1004 CE). [6] They then migrated to Coorg (Kodagu) from the Mangalore-Udupi (Dakshina Kannada-Udupi) region, to settle among the Canarese (Kannada) speaking peoples. [7]
They have a somewhat elaborate system of caste government. In every village there are two headmen, the Grāma Gowda and the ottu Gauda. For every group of eight or nine villages there is another head called the Māganē Gauda, and for every nine Māganēs there is a yet higher authority called the Kattēmanēyava. [8]
The caste is divided into eighteen baris or balis, which are of the usual exogamous character, same bari men, women not to marry, they belongs to close cousins. [3]
In Dakshina Kannada both the groups of Gowdas Tulu and 'Arebhashe' do not prepare meat or any Non Vegetarian food during marriage and Gruhaprevesha (House warming functions. Tulu Gowdas of Puttur Seeme invariably conduct Marriage and Gruha Pravesha as per Vaidhika Practice. [9]
At the time of Marriage, bridegroom's father offers ₹10¼ to the girls parents out of this ₹6¼ is to be sent to Gurumaṭha (Sringeri Matha) through Ūra gauḍa for Girls Mutheidegu (for seeking longer life for the couple). Oora Gowda thus collects such offering during the Marriages held under his jurisdiction and hands over the same to Maagane Gowda and through him to Kattemane. Kattemane Gowda takes it over to Guru Matha (Sringeri Matha) once in a year and seeks blessings from Maṭhādhipati on behalf of married couple. Oora Gowda occupies an important position in all JEEVANAVARTHANA PRACTICES of Tulu Gowdas of Puttur region. In his absence Othu Gowda takes over his responsibility. Gowdas follow Patriarchial succession procedure. Eldest male member in the Joint family is the Head of the family. Ūra gauḍa of the village is nominated by Kattemane Head. In all functions starting from "Veelya Shastra" (Engagement) up to the marriage the Ūra gauḍa recites an Invocation and Declaration in loud voice which states as
Bāṇḍavereḍelā, Aramanetagaleḍēla, Gurumanetagleḍelā, patt kuṭumo padnenmo barita banduleḍlā, kaṭṭemanetāgleḍlā, māgane ill tāgleḍlā, ūra gauḍrerḍlā, itn̄cina binnereḍlā, battinan̄cina binneḍlā kēnondu baṅgēra bidara (anana purdar) panpi anagalā, nandere baritā (ponnana pudar) ponnaglā tāḷi kaṭṭubō panper.
People of Royalty (Ikkeri), People of Guru Matha (Sringeri Math), Relatives from ten original families and eighteen Gothras of Gowdas, Kattemane (Seeme) Gowdare, Maagane mane (Nada) gowdare, Oora gowdare (Village Head), Relatives of this village, Guest relatives who gathered from distance places we take your permission for the (Name of Boy) from Nander Bali to tie the Mangala soothra to the (Name of the Girl) from Bangera Bali.
At this moment the gathered relatives and public will declare their assent saying "Edde Karyo Panpere" (a good work-ritual). This Declaration is same as the recital in Sullia and Kodagu region which is in Kannada. Here the reference to "Aramane and Gurumane" is essentially to Royalty of Ikkeri and Sringeri Mathadhipathies respectively. [10]
Generally there is no 'Dowry' system among Gowda clan on the other hand Boys father offers a Kanya shulka to Girls parents a sum of ₹16¼. [11]
The caste is divided into eighteen [12] baris or balis, which are of the usual exogamous character. The names of some of these are as follows: Bangāra (gold), Nandara, Malāra (a bundle of glass bangles, as carried about for sale), Sālu, Hemmana (pride or conceit), Kabru, Gōli (Portulaca oleracea, a pot-herb), Basruvōgaru (basru, belly), Balasanna, Kabar, Gundana, Chalyera, Mulyera, Nayera and Karbannāya. [13] [14] [6]
Once a year, mostly in the tulu month of Kaarthel (June–July), the Gowdas perform a ceremony for the propitiation of all deceased ancestors. They have a special preference for Venkatarāmaswāmi, to whom they make money offerings once a year in September. It should be reach Tirupati as an offering, which mostly includes coins, pepper, rupee notes. [15]
The Arebhashe Gowdas and Tulu Gowdas were historically involved in a rebellion against British rule in Canara and Coorg. Guddemane Appaiah Gowda, whose family was given lands in Kodagu, along with others from Kodagu and Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda from Sulya rebelled against the British and hoisted Jangama (Lingayite monk) Kalyanaswamy's flag in Bavuta Gudde in Mangalore and ruled for 13 days. This was one of the earliest Indian independence struggles against British rule 1834. [16] [17] [18]
Kodagu district is an administrative district in the Karnataka state of India. Before 1956, it was an administratively separate Coorg State, at which point it was merged into an enlarged Mysore State.
Dakshina Kannada district is located in the state of Karnataka in India, with its headquarters in the coastal city of Mangalore. It is part of the larger Tulu Nadu region. The district covers an area nestled in between the Western Ghats to its east and the Arabian Sea to its west. Dakshina Kannada receives abundant rainfall during the Indian monsoon. It is bordered by Udupi district to the north, Chikmagalur district to the northeast, Hassan district to the east, Kodagu to the southeast and Kasaragod district of Kerala to the south. According to the 2011 census of India, Dakshina Kannada district had a population of 2,083,625. It is the only district in Karnataka state to have all modes of transport like road, rail, water and air due to the presence of a major hub, Mangalore. This financial district is also known as the Cradle of Indian banking.
Havyaka Brahmins, originally called Havika Brahmana, are a Hindu Brahmin community native to the districts of Shivamogga, Uttara Kannada, Dakshina Kannada, coastal Karnataka, and the Kasaragod district of Kerala. Havyakas fall under the Pancha-Dravida Brahmin category; they are followers of mostly Yajurveda and some Rigveda and Samaveda Shakas. They follow the Advaita philosophy of Adi Shankaracharya.
South Canara was a district of the Madras Presidency of British India, located at 13.00°N 75.40°E. It comprised the towns of Kassergode and Udipi and adjacent villages, with the administration at Mangalore city. South Canara was one of the most heterogeneous areas of Madras Presidency, with Tulu, Malayalam, Kannada, Konkani, Marathi, Urdu, and Beary languages being spoken side by side. It was succeeded by the Tulu-speaking areas of Dakshina Kannada district, the Malayalam-speaking area of Kasaragod district and the Amindivi islands sub-division of the Laccadives, in the year 1956.
Sullia is a town in the Dakshina Kannada district of the state of Karnataka, India. It is the headquarters of the Sullia taluk. Sullia is located 300 kilometres west of the state capital Bengaluru.
Arebhashe or Aregannada or Gowda Kannada is a dialect of Kannada mainly by Gowda communities in the region Madikeri, Somwarpet, and Kushalnagar taluks of Kodagu district, Sullia, taluks of Dakshina Kannada district; Bangalore and Mysore districts in the Indian state of Karnataka. As well as Bandadka, Kasaragod District in the Indian state of Kerala, Arebhashe is also called Gowda Kannada. The language was recognized by the Karnataka State government and formed an academy in 2011 to preserve the culture and literature of the Arebhahse Region which is named as Karnataka Arebhashe Samskruthi mathu Sahitya Academy supported by then Chief Minister D. V. Sadananda Gowda.
The Kodava people or Kodavas or Codavas are an ethno-linguistic group from the region of Kodagu in the southern Indian state of Karnataka, who natively speak the Kodava language. They are traditionally land-owning agriculturists and patrilineal, with martial customs. Kodavas worship ancestors and weapons. They used to worship swords, bows, arrows and later guns. Hence, Kodavas are the only ones in India permitted to carry firearms without a license.
The Bunt people are an Indian community who historically have inhabited the Tulu Nadu region in South India. Bunts were traditionally a warrior-class or martial caste community, with agrarian origins, forming the landed gentry of the region. They are the dominant land-owning, farming and banking community of Tulu Nadu and speak Tulu and Kundagannada as their mother tongue. Today, the Bunts are a largely urbanised community, with a population size of less than one million worldwide.
Nagaradhane is a form of serpent worship which, along with Bhuta Kola, is one of the unique traditions prevalent in coastal districts of Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Kasaragod collectively known as Tulu Nadu, practiced by Tuluva community members. Cobras are not just seen as deities, but as an animal species which should be respected, appeased and protected for multiple social, religious and ecological reasons.
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The Alupa dynasty was an ancient ruling dynasty of India. The kingdom they ruled was known as Alvakheda Arusasira and its territory spanned the coastal districts of the modern Indian state known as Karnataka. The Alupas in their prime were an independent dynasty, centuries after reigning due to the dominance of Kadambas from Banavasi, they became feudatory to them. Later they became the vassals of the Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas with the change in political scenario of Southern India. Their influence over coastal Karnataka lasted for about 1200 years. There is evidence that the Alupas followed the law of matrilineal inheritance (Appekatt/Aliyasantana) since the Alupa king Soyideva was succeeded by his nephew Kulasekhara Bankideva. The legendary king who is credited with introducing matrilineality in Alva Kheda|Tulu Vishaya Kheda is named Bhuta Alupa Pandya The descendants of this dynasty still survive to this date and have spread in the karavali region and they are widely referred to as the Bunt. The Bunts follow Matrilineality instead of the common Patrilineality, and are said to be Nagavanshi Kshatriyas by their maternal origin. They can be identified with their surnames such as Shetty, Rai, Hegde, Alva, Chowta etc. Even though most Bunt are Hindus by faith now, The sizeable section of the community still follows Jainism and they are called Jain Bunt The last Alupa king to have ruled is Kulasekharadeva Alupendradeva whose inscription dated 1444 CE have been found in Mudabidri Jain Basadi.
Devaragunda Venkappa Sadananda Gowda is an Indian politician who served as the Union Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers of India in the Second Modi ministry from 14 November 2018 to 7 July 2021. He also served as the Minister of Statistics and Programme Implementation of India from 5 July 2016 to 24 May 2019 in the First Modi ministry. He is represented the Bangalore North constituency in the parliament from 2014 to 2024. He also held Ministry of Railways and other cabinet positions in the First Modi ministry. He also served as the 14th Chief Minister of Karnataka.
Devadiga also known as Moily, Sherigar is a Hindu Community or Caste. Devadigas were traditionally temple servants and musicians in Hindu temples. Devadigas are originally from the land stretching between Karwar in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka and Kasaragod district of Kerala and some parts of Maharashtra in west-coast of India up to the Chandragiri River and Many People live in Shivamogga and Chikmagalur too. Devadigas are quite distinct from the Ambalavasi(Semi-Brahmin)(temple servants) found elsewhere. It is believed that their two divisions, namely Kannada Devadiga (Moily) and Tulu Devadiga (Moily); were endogamous in the past.
Religion in Karnataka has played a very important role in shaping modern Indian religions and philosophy.
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Siddavesa kind of religious and traditional folk dance. Arebhahse people of Sullia are performing full moon summer dance in month of Tulu calendar Suggi. In this same month, Suggi Nalike also performed. Siddavesha are performing late evening until morning and visiting all stratum people home.
The Amara Sullia Rebellion was an armed uprising against the British government organized by the people of Arebhashe, and Tulunadu that took place in 1837, twenty years before the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857.
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