The Malay language has a complex system of styles, titles and honorifics, which are used extensively in Brunei and Malaysia. Singapore, whose Malay royalty was abolished by the British colonial government in 1891, has adopted civic titles for its leaders. The Philippines historically used Malay titles during its pre-Hispanic period, as evidenced by the titles of historical figures such as Rajah Sulayman, Lakandula and Dayang Kalangitan. Malay titles are still used by the royal houses of Sulu, Maguindanao, Buayan, and Maranao on the southern Philippine island of Mindanao, but these are retained on a traditional basis, as the 1987 Constitution explicitly reaffirms the abolition of royal and noble titles in the republic. Indonesia, meanwhile, as a republic, does not recognize hereditary rulers and aristocratic systems. Nevertheless, their royal titles and honors are still used as courtesy titles.
Al-Sultan Al-Mu’tassimu Billahi Muhibbuddin Tuanku Al-Haj Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah was the 28th Sultan of Kedah, reigning from 1958 to 2017. He served as the fifth Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia from 1970 to 1975, and as the 14th Yang di-Pertuan Agong from 2011 to 2016. He was the first person to reign as Yang di-Pertuan Agong twice, as well as the oldest elected to the office. Immediately prior to his death, he was the second longest-reigning living monarch in the world after Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.
Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah KCMG was the second Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaya from 14 April to 1 September 1960, and fifth and seventh Sultan of Selangor between 1938–1942 and again from 1945–1960.
Tengku Ampuan Hajah Jemaah binti Almarhum Raja Ahmad was the second Raja Permaisuri Agong of Malaysia during the brief reign of her husband, Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah. She was also Tengku Ampuan of Selangor during her husband's reign as Sultan of Selangor.
Sultanah Hajjah Bahiyah binti Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman was the Sultanah of Kedah (1959–2003) and served as the fifth Raja Permaisuri Agong of Malaysia from 21 September 1970 until 20 September 1975.
Sultan Idris Iskandar Al-Mutawakkil Alallahi Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar Shah Kaddasullah, CMG was the 33rd Sultan of Perak from 5 January 1963 until his death on 31 January 1984. He was the son of Sultan Iskandar Shah.
Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Al-Hajah binti Almarhum Sultan Abdul Aziz Langkat was the Tengku Ampuan of Selangor, Malaysia during the reign of her husband, Sultan Salahuddin of Selangor.
Sultanah Nur Zahirah is the current Sultanah of Terengganu. She was the 13th Raja Permaisuri Agong of Malaysia from 2006 to 2011.
Kedah Royal Mausoleum or Langgar Royal Mausoleum is a Kedah royal burial grounds. It is located at Langgar, Kota Setar District, Kedah, Malaysia.
Tengku Muhammad Ismail is the Yang di-Pertuan Muda of Terengganu. He is the son of the current Sultan, Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin, and was Regent of the state from 2006 to 2011 during his father's term as Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.
The Sultan of Kelantan is the constitutional head of Kelantan state in Malaysia. The executive power of the state is vested in him as the monarch of the state. The current sultan, Muhammad V, is the 29th Sultan of Kelantan. He is the Head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities of its people. He was the 15th Yang di-Pertuan Agong. His reign as the monarch and head of state of Malaysia or Yang di-Pertuan Agong began on 13 December 2016, after his election on 14 October 2016 at the 243th (special) Conference of Rulers.
Tunku Ampuan Najihah binti Almarhum Tunku Besar Burhanuddin is the Tunku Ampuan of Negeri Sembilan. She was formerly the Tunku Ampuan Besar or Queen of Negeri Sembilan from 1967 to 2008. She also served as Raja Permaisuri Agong of Malaysia between 1994 and 1999.
Tunku Abdul Malik ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah was the heir presumptive to the throne of Kedah. He was the son of Sultan Badlishah and the brother of the late ruler, Sultan Abdul Halim. Tunku Abdul Malik served as Regent of Kedah from 1970 to 1975.
Tan Sri Tunku Annuar ibni Almarhum Sultan BadlishahPSM DKH DMK SPMK SSDK PSB was a member of the Kedah royal family and Chairman of the Regency Council of the Malaysian state of Kedah. He was the son of Sultan Badlishah and the half-brother of Sultan Abdul Halim.
Che Puan Besar Hajjah Haminah is the former Sultanah of Kedah and is the widow of Sultan Abdul Halim Mua'dzam Shah. Born a commoner from Bagan Serai, Perak, she married Sultan Abdul Halim on 25 December 1975, and as his second wife, she was styled as Che Puan Kedah. She was crowned Sultanah on 9 January 2004 at the Balai Penghadapan Istana Anak Bukit following the death of Tuanku Bahiyah, the previous Sultanah and first wife of Sultan Abdul Halim. She served as the 14th Raja Permaisuri Agong of Malaysia from 2011 to 2016, during her husband's second term as Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Malaysian federal head of state. After her husband's death in September 2017, her brother-in-law, Sultan Sallehuddin bestowed the title of Che Puan Besar of Kedah or equivalent to a Dowager Sultanah.
Malaysia practises an elective monarchy, so there is no distinct line of succession to the Malaysian thrones. In the event where the current seat of the throne falls vacant, the Conference of Rulers meet to elect the new Yang di-Pertuan Agong (monarch) from among the rulers of the nine Malay states. The deputy king does not automatically succeed the throne. The election is regulated by Article 32 of the Constitution of Malaysia.
The Illustrious Order of Loyalty to the Royal House of Kedah is an honorific order of the Sultanate of Kedah
Raja Iskandar Zulkarnain ibni Almarhum Sultan Idris Iskandar Al-Mutawakkil Alallahi Shah Afifullah is the Raja di-Hilir of Perak and the second in the line of succession to the throne of the Malaysian state of Perak since 20 June 2014.
