Types of Nazi camps

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Leitmeritz concentration camp
Near Leitmeritz there were three types of Nazi detention facilities: Leitmeritz concentration camp, a subcamp of Flossenbürg; Theresienstadt Ghetto (lower right, west of the Eger River) and Theresienstadt Small Fortress, a Gestapo prison. [5] [6]

The phrase "Nazi concentration camp" is often used loosely to refer to various types of internment sites operated by Nazi Germany. [7] More specifically, Nazi concentration camps refers to the camps run by the Concentration Camps Inspectorate and later the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office. [8] The Nazi regime employed various types of detention and murder facilities within Germany and the territory it conquered and occupied, while Nazi allies also operated their own internment facilities.

Contents

The editors of Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos estimate that these sites totaled more than 42,500 locations, of which 980 were Nazi concentration camps proper. [9]

Nazi Germany

Types of detention and murder facilities employed by the Nazi regime included: [7] [8] [10]

TypeGerman nameDescription
Civilian workers campGemeinschaftslager
Custody campHaftlager
Civilian internment camp Internierungslager(Ilag)Camp to hold Allied civilians caught in areas that were occupied by the German Army
Camp for JewsJudenlager (Julag), Umschulungslager, Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden
Concentration camp KonzentrationslagerCamp for the mass detention without trial of civilians, ethnic minorities, political opponents, etc.
Early camps
Aktion T4 Euthanasia centerEuthanasie-Tötungsanstalt, T4-TötungsanstaltCenter for murder of mentally ill or physically disabled people by involuntary euthanasia
Extermination camp VernichtungslagerSix killing centers for the dedicated purpose of systematic mass murder, primarily of Jews
Forced (slave) labor camp Zwangsarbeitslager
Jewish ghetto Jüdischer Wohnbezirk
Germanization facilities
Gestapo camps
Gypsy camps Zigeunerlager
Housing campWohnlager
Labor camp Arbeitslager
Military brothels
National Labor Service campRAD (Reichsarbeitsdienst)-Lager
Penal or punishment campStrafgefangenenlager and Straflager
Preferential campVorzugslager
Prisoner-of-war camp KriegsgefangenenlagerImprisonment camp for Allied military personnel captured and held under the terms of the Third Geneva Convention
Police custody campPolizeihaftlager
Prisons
Satellite camp AußenkommandoOutlying camp under command of a main concentration camp; main camps were Stammlager and subordinate camps were Außenlager
Security campSchutzhaftlager
Special campSonderlager
Workers education campArbeitserziehungslager
Work houseArbeitshaus
Transit campDurchgangslagerCamps where prisoners were briefly detained prior to deportation to other Nazi camps.
Youth protection campJugendschutzlager
Youth detention campJugendverwahrungslager

Nazi Allies

Nazi allies also operated their own internment facilities, including: [11]

See also

References

  1. Plch, Milan; Plch, Roman (2018). Tajemná místa nacismu[Mysterious places of Nazism] (in Czech). Brno: Computer Press. pp.  79, 82–83. ISBN   978-80-264-1900-6.
  2. Blodig, Vojtěch (2003). Terezín in the "final Solution of the Jewish Question" 1941-1945. Oswald. p. 60.
  3. Plch, Milan; Plch, Roman (2018). Tajemná místa nacismu[Mysterious places of Nazism] (in Czech). Brno: Computer Press. pp.  79, 82–83. ISBN   978-80-264-1900-6.
  4. Blodig, Vojtěch (2003). Terezín in the "final Solution of the Jewish Question" 1941-1945. Oswald. p. 60.
  5. ↑ Plch, Milan; Plch, Roman (2018). Tajemná místa nacismu[Mysterious places of Nazism] (in Czech). Brno: Computer Press. pp.  79, 82–83. ISBN   978-80-264-1900-6.
  6. ↑ Blodig, Vojtěch (2003). Terezín in the "final Solution of the Jewish Question" 1941-1945. Oswald. p. 60.
  7. 1 2 "Nazi Camps". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  8. 1 2 Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos , volume I, Editor’s Introduction to the Series and Volume I
  9. ↑ Lichtblau, Eric (1 March 2013). "The Holocaust Just Got More Shocking". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  10. ↑ Kaiser, Anne; Weinmann, Martin (1998). Das nationalsozialistische Lagersystem[The Nazi Camp System] (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Zweitausendeins. p. lxxxix-cxxxiv. ISBN   978-3-86150-261-6.
  11. ↑ Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos , volume III, table of contents
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