Ulmus davidiana var. japonica 'Jacan'

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Ulmus davidiana var. japonica 'Jacan'
RN Jacan (hilliers arboretum ampfield).JPG
'Jacan', Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, UK
Variety Ulmus davidiana var. japonica
Cultivar 'Jacan'
OriginCanada

The Japanese Elm cultivar Ulmus davidianavar.japonica 'Jacan' is a cold-resistant selection from Canada. The tree was one of a group of second-generation japonica seedlings raised in the 1970s, originally for use in the prairie regions, by the Morden Research Station, Morden, Manitoba. [1] [2] [3] It was first distributed in 1977, [1] and was later among the Asiatic elms, some sourced from Canada, donated to the UK in 1980 by the London branch of Mitsui & Co. [4]

Contents

Description

Autumn colour RN Ulmus japonica Jacan (hilliers arboretum) autumn foliage.JPG
Autumn colour

'Jacan' develops a rounded crown form typical of the species; the foliage turns a deep red in autumn. [5] The species does not sucker from roots. [6]

Pests and diseases

The tree is moderately resistant to Dutch elm disease, and elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola . [2] The tree's foliage was adjudged "resistant" to Black Spot by the Plant Diagnostic Clinic of the University of Missouri .

Cultivation

'Jacan' has not been widely planted in Canada owing to restrictions imposed by the Canadian government on the movement of elms across the country, which severely limited its potential market. The tree was introduced to the UK (see Accessions) and Italy from Canada in the early 1980s, but was never in commerce in either country and thus remains very rare. It is not known to have been introduced to Australasia. It was originally propagated by base-grafting on Siberian elm stock. [1]

Hybrids

'Jacan' was crossed with 'Sapporo Autumn Gold' by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Florence; the selection identified as 'FL441'. Although it performed well in trials, being noted for its abundant foliage, 'FL441' was never patented or released to commerce. [7]

Accessions

North America

None known.

Europe

Nurseries

North America
Europe

None known.

Related Research Articles

<i>Ulmus davidiana <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> japonica</i> Variety of tree

Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, the Japanese elm, is one of the larger and more graceful Asiatic elms, endemic to much of continental northeast Asia and Japan, where it grows in swamp forest on young alluvial soils, although much of this habitat has now been lost to intensive rice cultivation.

<i>Ulmus laciniata</i> Species of tree

Ulmus laciniata(Trautv.) Mayr, known variously as the Manchurian, cut-leaf, or lobed elm, is a deciduous tree native to the humid ravine forests of Japan, Korea, northern China, eastern Siberia and Sakhalin, growing alongside Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Aesculus turbinata, and Pterocarya rhoifolia, at elevations of 700–2200 m, though sometimes lower in more northern latitudes, notably in Hokkaido.

<i>Ulmus chenmoui</i> Species of tree

Ulmus chenmouiW. C. Cheng, commonly known as the Chenmou, or Langya Mountain elm, is a small deciduous tree from the more temperate provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu in eastern China, where it is found at elevations below 200 m on the Langya Shan and Baohua Shan mountains. The tree was unknown in the West until 1979, when seeds were sent from Beijing to the De Dorschkamp research institute at Wageningen in the Netherlands.

<i>Ulmus</i> Frontier Elm cultivar

Ulmus 'Frontier' is an American hybrid cultivar, a United States National Arboretum introduction derived from a crossing of the European Field Elm Ulmus minor with the Chinese Elm Ulmus parvifolia in 1971. Released in 1990, the tree is a rare example of the hybridization of spring- and autumn-flowering elms. Tested in the US National Elm Trial coordinated by Colorado State University, 'Frontier' averaged a survival rate of 74% after 10 years.

<i>Ulmus</i> Homestead Elm cultivar

Ulmus 'Homestead' is an American hybrid elm cultivar raised by Alden Townsend of the United States National Arboretum at the Nursery Crops Laboratory in Delaware, Ohio. The cultivar arose from a 1970 crossing of the Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila with the hybrid N 215, the latter grown from seed sent in 1960 to the University of Wisconsin-Madison elm breeding team by Hans Heybroek of the De Dorschkamp Research Institute in the Netherlands. Tested in the US National Elm Trial coordinated by Colorado State University, 'Homestead' averaged a survival rate of 85% after 10 years in the US National Elm Trial. However, planting of the tree was not recommended, owing principally to its 'ugly' shape and susceptibility to Southwest injury. 'Homestead' was released to commerce without patent restrictions in 1984.

<i>Ulmus</i> × <i>hollandica</i> Pioneer Elm cultivar

The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × hollandica 'Pioneer' is an American clone arising from the crossing of two European species, Wych Elm U. glabra and Field Elm U. minor. Raised by the USDA station at Delaware, Ohio, in 1971, 'Pioneer' was released to commerce in 1983.

<i>Ulmus</i> Sapporo Autumn Gold Elm cultivar

Ulmus 'Sapporo Autumn Gold' is one of the most commercially successful hybrid elm cultivars ever marketed, widely planted across North America and western Europe, although it has now been largely supplanted by more recent introductions. Arising from a chance crossing of the Japanese elm and Siberian elm, seed was sent in 1958 by Prof. Nobuku Takahashi and his colleagues at the Sapporo Botanical Garden of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, to Eugene Smalley at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The patent issued in 1975 has expired, and there are now no propagation restrictions. However, the tree has proven weak-wooded on maturity, and its popularity has waned in Europe as a consequence of susceptibility to wind damage.

<i>Ulmus</i> Morton Elm cultivar

Ulmus 'Morton' is an elm cultivar cloned from a putative intraspecific hybrid planted at the Morton Arboretum in 1924, which itself originated as seed collected from a tree at the Arnold Arboretum in Massachusetts. Although this tree was originally identified as Ulmus crassifolia, it is now believed to have been a hybrid of the Japanese elm and Wilson's elm. Accolade has proven to be the most successful cultivar tested in the US National Elm Trial, averaging a survival rate of 92.5% overall.

<i>Ulmus</i> Cathedral Elm cultivar

Ulmus 'Cathedral' is a hybrid cultivar raised at University of Wisconsin–Madison patented in 1994. Arising from a chance crossing of the Japanese elm and Siberian elm, seed was sent in 1958 by Prof. Nobuku Takahashi and his colleagues at the Sapporo Botanical Garden of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, to Eugene Smalley at Wisconsin–Madison; 'Cathedral' is thus a sibling of 'Sapporo Autumn Gold'.

The Japanese Elm cultivar Ulmus davidianavar.japonica'Discovery' is a cold-resistant selection from Canada, raised along with 'Freedom' in the 1980s by Dr Wilbert Ronald, of Jeffries Nurseries Ltd. and Rick Durand of Shade Consulting Services, Portage la Prairie, Manitoba.

<i>Ulmus americana</i> Brandon Elm cultivar

The American elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Brandon' was raised by Lacombe Nurseries Lacombe, Alberta, Canada, before 1969; it may be synonymous with another cultivar from the same source known as 'Patmore', selected and raised by R. H. Patmore from a native tree in Brandon, Manitoba.

The Japanese Elm cultivar Ulmus davidianavar.japonica 'Freedom' is another cold-resistant selection from Canada, raised along with 'Discovery' in the 1980s by Dr Wilbert Ronald, of Jeffries Nurseries Ltd., and Rick Durand of Shade Consulting Services, Portage la Prairie, Manitoba.

Ulmus davidianavar.japonica 'Thomson' is a hardy, cold-resistant cultivar of the Japanese Elm assessed by the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration (PFRA) Nursery at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, in the 1970s as part of its shelterbelt tree research..

The Japanese Elm cultivar Ulmus davidianavar.japonica 'Mitsui Centennial' is a cold-resistant selection raised at the Morden Experimental Station, Manitoba, Canada, in the 1970s, originally for use in the prairie regions. It was named to mark the centenary in 1980 of the London branch of Mitsui & Co., being one of a batch of Asiatic elms, some sourced from Canada, donated to the UK in that year by the company.

The Chinese Elm cultivar Ulmus parvifolia 'Dynasty' is a United States National Arboretum introduction reputed to be very fast-growing.

<i>Ulmus americana</i> Lewis & Clark Elm cultivar

The American elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Lewis & Clark' is a development from the North Dakota State University (NDSU) Research Foundation breeding programme, released in 2004 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the eponymous expedition. The cultivar was cloned from a tree discovered in 1994 along the Wild Rice River south west of Fargo, North Dakota, where all those around it had succumbed to Dutch elm disease; the tree remains in perfect health (2008). Prairie Expedition proved only moderately successful in the US National Elm Trial, averaging a survival rate of 62.6% overall, potentially due to environmental factors rather than susceptibility to Dutch elm disease. Nevertheless, Prairie Expedition is considered the hardiest of the American Elm cultivars, able to survive in Zone 3.

Ulmus davidianavar.japonica 'JFS-Bieberich' is a Japanese Elm cultivar that was raised by the Sunshine Nursery, Oklahoma, from seed collected in China by proprietor Steve Bieberich. Emerald Sunshine proved only moderately successful in the US National Elm Trial, averaging a survival rate of 70% overall.

<i>Ulmus davidiana</i> var. <i>japonica</i> Prospector Elm cultivar

The Japanese elm cultivar Ulmus davidianavar.japonica 'Prospector' was originally treated as a cultivar of Wilson's elm U. wilsonianaSchneid., a species sunk as Ulmus davidiana var. japonica by Fu. A U.S. National Arboretum introduction, it was selected in 1975 from a batch of 1965 seedlings in Delaware, Ohio, and released without patent restrictions in 1990. 'Prospector' proved moderately successful in the US National Elm Trial, averaging a survival rate of 76% overall.

<i>Ulmus laciniata <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> nikkoensis</i> Variety of tree

Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensisRehder, the Nikko elm, was discovered as a seedling near Lake Chūzenji, near Nikkō, Japan, and obtained by the Arnold Arboretum in 1905. The taxonomy of the tree remains a matter of contention, and has been considered possibly a hybrid of U. laciniata and U. davidiana var. japonica. However, in crossability experiments at the Arnold Arboretum in the 1970s, U. laciniata, a protogynous species, was found to be incompatible with U. davidiana var. japonica, which is protandrous.

<i>Ulmus parvifolia</i> Species of tree

Ulmus parvifolia, commonly known as the Chinese elm or lacebark elm, is a species native to eastern Asia, including China, India, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. It has been described as "one of the most splendid elms, having the poise of a graceful Nothofagus".

References

  1. 1 2 3 W. G. Ronald, "Notes: 'Jacan' Japanese elm" (1978); Canadian Journal of Plant Science; cdnsciencepub.com
  2. 1 2 Burdekin, D.A.; Rushforth, K.D. (November 1996). "Elms resistant to Dutch elm disease" (PDF). Arboriculture Research Note. 2/96. Revised by J.F. Webber. Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham: Arboricultural Advisory & Information Service: 1–9. ISSN   1362-5128 . Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  3. 'Return of the Elm - the status of elms in the nursery industry in 2000. Warren, K., J. Frank Schmidt and Co.'
  4. Mitsui & Co., Ltd., London Branch: 'Centenary in 1980: Ulmus', June 1979
  5. Ronald, W. G. (1979). 'Jacan' Japanese Elm. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 59, 267268
  6. Heybroek, Hans M. (1981). "The Japanese elm species and their value for the Dutch elm breeding program" (PDF). Proceedings of the Dutch Elm Disease symposium and workshop, October 5–9, Winnipeg, Manitoba: 78–90.
  7. Santini, A, et al. Elm breeding for DED resistance, the Italian clones and their wood properties. Invest. Agrar: Sist Recur For (2004) 13 (1), 179184.
  8. Johnson, Owen (ed.) (2003). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland. Whittet Press, ISBN   978-1-873580-61-5.