University Clinical Aptitude Test

Last updated

University Clinical Aptitude Test
UCAT logo.svg
AcronymUCAT
Type Multiple choice
Administrator Pearson
Year started2006
Duration2 hours
Score range900–2700 and Bands 1–4
Score validityFor the year's admission cycle in which the test was taken
OfferedEarly July–late September for UCAT UK and early July–early August for UCAT ANZ
Restrictions on attemptsOnce per cycle
LanguagesEnglish
Annual number of test takers
  • Increase2.svg 37,913 (UK 2024)
  • Increase2.svg 15,240 (ANZ 2024)
Website www.ucat.ac.uk OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg

The University Clinical Aptitude Test (UCAT) is an admissions test used by most medical and dental schools in the United Kingdom, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand in their applicant selection processes. [1] Launched in 2006 as the UK Clinical Aptitude Test (UKCAT), it was renamed in 2019 following the launch of the test in Australia and New Zealand.

Contents

In the UK, the UCAT was one of two main admissions tests used for medical, dental and other health-related courses, the other being the BioMedical Admissions Test (BMAT). Following the BMAT's cancellation from 2024 onwards, all ex-BMAT universities have moved to using the UCAT for their undergraduate medical courses, including Oxford and Cambridge. [2] [3]

In 2024, the UK version of the test had 37,913 test takers while the ANZ version had 15,240. [4] [5]

Format

The UCAT is designed to be a test of aptitude and attitude, not academic achievement. The test's rationale is that the latter is already demonstrated by A-Levels, Scottish Highers, ATAR, or undergraduate degrees. It thus attempts to assess a certain range of mental abilities and behavioural attributes identified as useful. These mental abilities include critical thinking, logical reasoning, and inference.

The UCAT consists of four subtests, including three cognitive tests and one testing professional demeanour. Each test has a time allocation as below: [6]

The situational judgement test is a different type of test from the tests above: [3]

The test is a computer-based, online test taken at a Pearson VUE centre near the candidate. Candidates are not allowed to bring external materials in to the exam. A basic calculator is provided on the screen, along with a laminated notebook and an erasable marker pen for taking notes. Most exam centres also provide earplugs, or if not, candidates can supply their own. The equipment and conditions vary slightly between different test centers. 1 minute and 30 seconds of reading time are given for each subtest except Quantitative Reasoning, which has 2 minutes.

Including time to read instructions before each subtest, the test lasts a maximum of 2 hours (or 2.5 hours for the UCATSEN version of the test). Each of the UCAT subtests is in a multiple-choice format and is separately timed. There is also 2 minutes of warm-up time (to read general instructions on the whole exam) at the start.

The test must be sat between July and September of 2024 by candidates who want to apply to member universities for entry in 2025 (or deferred entry in 2026).

The test's format underwent significant changes after the 2024 test cycle for the 2025 test cycle and beyond. These included slight timing adjustments, an increase in the number of questions in the Decision Making subtest, and most importantly, the removal of the Abstract Reasoning subtest. This subtest assessed candidates' ability to infer relationships from information (normally shapes) by convergent and divergent thinking, using questions such as Bongard problems. The UCAT Consortium cited historical data that candidate performance has increased and response times have decreased, indicating the subtest's "high coachability". [7] Particularly, 90th percentile for the subtest increased from 820 to 880. The UCAT UK Consortium offered additional reasoning, with their analysis showing that the subtest has "lower predictive validity [for candidate performance in university] than the other sections" [8] , citing several studies. [9] [10] [11] [12]

Content and preparation

There is no curriculum content, as the test is designed to probe innate skills. These include basic arithmetic, reading and writing ability, along with character, and personal and social attitudes.

Past papers are not available. There are however question banks and fully timed practice tests on the UCAT website. The UCAT Consortium recommends that candidates prepare for the test, and provide extensive free materials on their site to assist. [13] Due to the recent changes to test format, new preparation materials will be released on 1st March 2025. [8]

Scoring and results

Each of the first three subsections (Verbal Reasoning, Decision Making and Quantitative Reasoning) are each scored in a range of 300–900. The Situational Judgement Test is scored with bands 1–4, in the UK version, and 300–900, in the ANZ version. [14] [15] [16]

Unlike the BMAT or UMAT, UCAT test takers are informed of their UCAT result immediately after sitting their test, and well in advance of the UCAS deadline, allowing them to consider this when selecting their UCAS choices. Universities use UCAT results in different ways during their admissions processes, but should all provide information on their websites regarding how they use the UCAT in selection.

For some universities, the UCAT score is a significant factor in their consideration of applications (used as the sole decider for interview invites). For others, it may be a less significant factor or only used in marginal situations. Most universities consider total score (i.e. the score after each of the cognitive subtest scores have been added together), while some look at individual subtest scores and may even have a cut-off score or apply different weightings for a particular subtest.

Widening participation

The UCAT Consortium offers a bursary scheme to cover the full test fee to UK and EU candidates in financial need who meet a set eligibility criteria, and a concession scheme that offers a reduced fee for Australian candidates on a current Australian Health Care Card (HCC) or Pensioner Concession Card (PCC).

Usefulness and controversies

The UCAT Consortium specifies, "Every university uses the UCAT result as part of a well-rounded admissions policy in which several other factors also carry considerable weight." UCAT has been shown to have some independent predictive validity of performance at medical school, [17] but considerably less than A-levels. [18]

There is some evidence from Australia that women and people from more rural areas or of lower socio‐economic status perform less well on the UCAT, and this appears to be to a greater extent than with the UMAT exam that it replaced in Australia. [19]

A summary of relevant published work since 2009 is available on the Published Research page of the UCAT website.

Participating universities

As of 2024, the UCAT is used for admission into the medical and/or dental courses at the following universities: [20] [21]

Australia

New Zealand

United Kingdom

See also

Related Research Articles

The Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test was a test previously administered by the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) in Australia and New Zealand to assist in the selection of domestic students for health science courses, including most medical and dental degree programs, as well as other health science practical studies such as physiotherapy and optometry. The UMAT was used for domestic applicant selection into undergraduate courses only. Applicants for graduate medical education must take the Graduate Medical School Admissions Test, and foreign applicants must take the International Student Admissions Test. Each year, the UMAT was held on a single day in two sessions, morning and afternoon, typically in late July or early August at test centers in major cities in Australia and New Zealand, as well as a few other global cities.

University admission or college admission is the process through which students enter tertiary education at universities and colleges. Systems vary widely from country to country, and sometimes from institution to institution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Medical school in the United Kingdom</span>

In the United Kingdom, medical school generally refers to a department within a university which is involved in the education of future medical practitioners. All leading British medical schools are state-funded and their core purpose is to train doctors on behalf of the National Health Service. Courses generally last four to six years: two years of pre-clinical training in an academic environment and two to three years clinical training at a teaching hospital and in community settings. Medical schools and teaching hospitals are closely integrated. The course of study is extended to six years if an intercalated degree is taken in a related subject.

The Graduate Medical School Admissions Test is a test used to select candidates applying to study medicine, dentistry, optometry, pharmacy and veterinary science at Australian, British, and Irish universities for admission to their Graduate Entry Programmes. Candidates may take the test in a test centre in one of the 6 countries, being Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States, offering the test.

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) is an individually administered intelligence test for children between the ages of 6 and 16. The Fifth Edition is the most recent version.

The Special Tertiary Admissions Test (STAT) is a group of four scholastic aptitude tests used for admission into undergraduate programs at Australian universities, for students without a recent Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR). Some universities require STAT testing for admission to particular programs or courses. The Australian Council for Educational Research designs the examinations. The central tertiary admissions centre in each Australian state and territory and the University of Tasmania administer the STAT examinations.

Graduate Medical Program (GMP), or sometimes also known as Graduate Entry Program (GEP) or Graduate Entry Medicine (GEM), are medical programs usually of 4-years duration where applicants are university graduates who have taken aptitude tests such as the GAMSAT, UKCAT or MCAT. These aptitude tests are different from the UMAT test for high school graduates. Medical programs in the United States technically do not require the completion of a previous degree, but do require the completion of 2–3 years of pre-medical sciences at the university level and so are thus classified as second entry degrees. However, since in places such as Australia medical applicants were historically generally high school graduates and only recently have medical schools changed to requiring the completion of a previous bachelor's degree, the terms Graduate Medical Program and Graduate Entry Medicine arose to differentiate the new courses.

A situational judgement test (SJT), also known as a situational stress test (SStT) or situational stress inventory (SSI), is a type of psychological test that presents the test-taker with realistic, hypothetical scenarios. The test-taker is asked to identify the most appropriate response or to rank the responses in order of effectiveness. SJTs can be administered through various modalities, such as booklets, films, or audio recordings. These tests represent a distinct psychometric approach compared to the traditional knowledge-based multiple-choice items and are frequently utilized in industrial-organizational psychology applications, such as personnel selection.

The Health Professions Admissions Test - Ireland is a university admissions test used by all universities in Ireland for admissions to medicine courses, and by the University of Ulster for some medicine related courses.

The Western Sydney University School of Medicine is a constituent body of the College of Health and Science at Western Sydney University, Australia.

The BioMedical Admissions Test (BMAT) was an aptitude test used as part of the admissions process for Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Dentistry in some universities in the United Kingdom, Singapore, Spain, Malaysia, Thailand, Hungary, Croatia and the Netherlands. In 2023, Cambridge Assessment announced that it would withdraw from the admissions test market and cease provision of the BMAT examination. All UK universities that previously used the BMAT have announced that, from 2024 onwards, the University Clinical Aptitude Test will be used instead.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Medical College Admission Test</span> Standardized examination for prospective medical students in the United States and Canada

The Medical College Admission Test is a computer-based standardized examination for prospective medical students in the United States, Australia, Canada, and the Caribbean Islands. It is designed to assess problem solving, critical thinking, written analysis and knowledge of scientific concepts and principles. Before 2007, the exam was a paper-and-pencil test; since 2007, all administrations of the exam have been computer-based.

According to Paul Muchinsky in his textbook Psychology Applied to Work, "mechanical aptitude tests require a person to recognize which mechanical principle is suggested by a test item." The underlying concepts measured by these items include sounds and heat conduction, velocity, gravity, and force.

The International Medical Admissions Test (IMAT) is an aptitude test used for admissions into undergraduate medicine and dentistry programs at select Italian universities. These programs are distinct from their Italian-taught counterparts, as they are delivered in English and are primarily designed for international students.

Lancaster Medical School (LMS) is located in Lancaster, Lancashire in North West England and is part of the Faculty of Health and Medicine at Lancaster University. Its first graduates, a cohort of 31, graduating in 2011. The current head of the medical school is Professor Marina Anderson.

Cambridge Assessment Admissions Testing provides admissions tests for a range of university level courses and assessments in thinking skills and behavioural styles. It is part of Cambridge Assessment, a not-for-profit department of the University of Cambridge, England. It stopped delivering admissions tests at the end of 2023, thus effectively ceasing operations.

Health Education Systems Incorporated (HESI) is a United States company that provides exams and other study material to help prepare nursing and allied health students for their professional licensure exams. Schools often use HESI exams to help predict the student's likelihood of success in tests such as the NCLEX-RN.

UniAdmissions is an education consultancy providing help to students applying to Oxbridge and Medical Schools.

References

  1. Which universities don't require you UCAT for medicine and why, ucatmasterclass, excess 9 August 2023.
  2. "Ojas Rajkumar - UCAT Replacing BMAT". www.ojasrajkumar.com. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  3. 1 2 "BMAT Cancelled In 2024". www.theukcatpeople.co.uk. February 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
  4. "Test Statistics". UCAT Consortium. 6 December 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  5. "Final summary statistics for UCAT ANZ 2024" (PDF). UCAT ANZ. 6 December 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  6. "UCAT Test Format". University Clinical Aptitude Test. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  7. "UCAT ANZ 2025 | UCAT ANZ Consortium". www.ucat.edu.au. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
  8. 1 2 "UCAT 2025 | UCAT Consortium". www.ucat.ac.uk. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
  9. Bala, Laksha; Pedder, Stephen; Sam, Amir H.; Brown, Celia (3 April 2022). "Assessing the predictive validity of the UCAT—A systematic review and narrative synthesis". Medical Teacher. 44 (4): 401–409. doi:10.1080/0142159X.2021.1998401. ISSN   0142-159X. PMC   9162495 . PMID   34813410.
  10. Paton, Lewis W; McManus, I C; Cheung, Kevin Yet Fong; Smith, Daniel Thomas; Tiffin, Paul A (February 2022). "Can achievement at medical admission tests predict future performance in postgraduate clinical assessments? A UK-based national cohort study". BMJ Open. 12 (2): e056129. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056129. ISSN   2044-6055. PMC   8830227 . PMID   35135776.
  11. Greatrix, Rachel; Nicholson, Sandra; Anderson, Susan (January 2021). "Does the UKCAT predict performance in medical and dental school? A systematic review". BMJ Open. 11 (1): e040128. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040128. ISSN   2044-6055. PMC   7825260 . PMID   33483439.
  12. Tiffin, Paul A.; Mwandigha, Lazaro M.; Paton, Lewis W.; Hesselgreaves, H.; McLachlan, John C.; Finn, Gabrielle M.; Kasim, Adetayo S. (December 2016). "Predictive validity of the UKCAT for medical school undergraduate performance: a national prospective cohort study". BMC Medicine. 14 (1): 140. doi: 10.1186/s12916-016-0682-7 . ISSN   1741-7015. PMC   5026770 . PMID   27638740.
  13. "Practice Tests and Reources".
  14. "Scoring | UCAT Consortium". www.ucat.ac.uk. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  15. "UCAT Scores and UCAT Scoring Guide 2022 | UCAT | 2022". www.theukcatpeople.co.uk. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  16. "UCAT Scoring | UCAT ANZ Consortium". www.ucat.edu.au. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
  17. McManus, IC; Dewberry, Chris; Nicholson, Sandra; Dowell, Jonathan S (14 November 2013). "The UKCAT-12 study: educational attainment, aptitude test performance, demographic and socio-economic contextual factors as predictors of first year outcome in a cross-sectional collaborative study of 12 UK medical schools". BMC Medicine. 11: 244. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-243 . PMC   3827328 . PMID   24229353. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  18. McManus, IC; Dewberry, Chris; Nicholson, Sandra; Dowell, Jonathan S.; Woolf, Katherine; Potts, Henry WW (2013). "Construct-level predictive validity of educational attainment and intellectual aptitude tests in medical student selection: Meta-regression of six UK longitudinal studies". BMC Medicine. 11: 243. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-243 . PMC   3827328 . PMID   24229353.
  19. Griffin, Barbara; Horton, Graeme L.; Lampe, Lisa; Shulruf, Boaz; Hu, Wendy (14 December 2020). "The change from UMAT to UCAT for undergraduate medical school applicants: impact on selection outcomes". Medical Journal of Australia. 214 (2). ISSN   0025-729X.
  20. "UCAT Universities". UCAT Consortium. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  21. "UCAT ANZ Universities". UCAT Consortium. Retrieved 6 December 2024.