Vardhman Group is a textile group based in Ludhiana, Punjab, India, that was established in 1965. The group is engaged in manufacturing and trading in Yarn and Processed Fabric, Sewing Thread, Acrylic fibre and Alloy steel. Vardhman group was incorporated in 1962 as Vardhman Spinning & General Mills (VSGML). The company was promoted by VS Oswal and RC Oswal initially and is now headed by S. P. Oswal Jain. [1] The total number of employees in the company as of April 2011 is 23,000.
The group is structured in such a way as to have a central holding company that is used for investing in the different group companies. The holding company in this case is Vardhman Holdings limited and the group companies are Vardhman Textiles (61%), Vardhman Industries (65%) and Vardhman Acrylic (60%). Vardhman textiles in-turn has holding in VMT Spinning (73.33%), Vardhman threads (100%) and Vardhman yarns and threads (11%).
Some of the important products of Vardhman group are: simple and blended yarns, acrylic fibre (brand Varlon), range of threads (apparel sewing, tea bags, industrial threads, etc.), shirting and trouser materials, forging and automotive components and steel.
The company started exporting from 1990–91 and it exports mainly to Spain, UK, Germany, US, Japan and some African and E.Asian countries. Exports account for 22% of the group's revenues.
Strategic analysis: 1. The group has a unique business model with presence in entire value chain from Fibre to Fabric this gives it the company the flexibility to reorganize their business effectively during down turns and ramp up faster than competitors when the economy is buoyant. 2. The group has a large cotton inventory holding capacity thus helping it to control its supply chain operations and thereby absorb fluctuations in market demand. 3. In order to build a competitive advantage, the group has been continuously working on improving its capabilities continuously and diversifying from its core Yarn and fabric business. The groups foray into Steel is a good example of this.
Financial analysis: 1. Sales growth - An analysis of the gross sales of the company between 2004-2009 shows that sales of the company is growing at an CAGR of 9.5% 2. Sales Vs Profit Growth - Analyzing the gross sales and PBT ratio, while the sales is growing at 9.5% CAGR the PBT is decreasing from 11.5% in 2005-2006 to 4.3% in 2008-2009. If the businesses are ranked in terms of profitability the order would be as follows: Yarn, Thread, Steel and Fabric.
The group has been active in multiple educational and general wellness initiatives. Some examples are given below: 1. Setting up Sri Aurobindo socio-economic and management research institute, setting up commerce and management colleges and schools 2. Active participant of Village Culture Adaptation program at Punjab to increase the cotton yield per hectare and the program was a huge success. Started similar village adaptation program in MP and till now 2 villages have been adopted.
Spinning is a twisting technique to form yarn from fibers. The fiber intended is drawn out, twisted, and wound onto a bobbin. A few popular fibers that are spun into yarn other than cotton, which is the most popular, are viscose, animal fibers such as wool, and synthetic polyester. Originally done by hand using a spindle whorl, starting in the 500s AD the spinning wheel became the predominant spinning tool across Asia and Europe. The spinning jenny and spinning mule, invented in the late 1700s, made mechanical spinning far more efficient than spinning by hand, and especially made cotton manufacturing one of the most important industries of the Industrial Revolution.
Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the only manufacturing method, and many other methods were later developed to form textile structures based on their intended use. Knitting and non-woven are other popular types of fabric manufacturing. In the contemporary world, textiles satisfy the material needs for versatile applications, from simple daily clothing to bulletproof jackets, spacesuits, and doctor's gowns.
Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, used in sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, ropemaking, and the production of textiles. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern manufactured sewing threads may be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the stresses involved in sewing. Embroidery threads are yarns specifically designed for needlework. Yarn can be made of a number of natural or synthetic materials, and comes in a variety of colors and thicknesses. Although yarn may be dyed different colours, most yarns are solid coloured with a uniform hue.
The textile industry is primarily concerned with the design, production and distribution of textiles: yarn, cloth and clothing.
Acrylic fibers are synthetic fibers made from a polymer (polyacrylonitrile) with an average molecular weight of ~100,000, about 1900 monomer units. For a fiber to be called "acrylic" in the US, the polymer must contain at least 85% acrylonitrile monomer. Typical comonomers are vinyl acetate or methyl acrylate. DuPont created the first acrylic fibers in 1941 and trademarked them under the name Orlon. It was first developed in the mid-1940s but was not produced in large quantities until the 1950s. Strong and warm, acrylic fiber is often used for sweaters and tracksuits and as linings for boots and gloves, as well as in furnishing fabrics and carpets. It is manufactured as a filament, then cut into short staple lengths similar to wool hairs, and spun into yarn.
Textile manufacturing or textile engineering is a major industry. It is largely based on the conversion of fibre into yarn, then yarn into fabric. These are then dyed or printed, fabricated into cloth which is then converted into useful goods such as clothing, household items, upholstery and various industrial products.
The manufacture of textiles is one of the oldest of human technologies. To make textiles, the first requirement is a source of fiber from which a yarn can be made, primarily by spinning. The yarn is processed by knitting or weaving, which turns it into cloth. The machine used for weaving is the loom. For decoration, the process of coloring yarn or the finished material is dyeing. For more information of the various steps, see textile manufacturing.
Textile fibers, threads, yarns and fabrics are measured in a multiplicity of units.
Textile manufacturing is one of the oldest human activities. The oldest known textiles date back to about 5000 B.C. In order to make textiles, the first requirement is a source of fibre from which a yarn can be made, primarily by spinning. The yarn is processed by knitting or weaving to create cloth. The machine used for weaving is the loom. Cloth is finished by what are described as wet process to become fabric. The fabric may be dyed, printed or decorated by embroidering with coloured yarns.
Ring spinning is a spindle-based method of spinning fibres, such as cotton, flax or wool, to make a yarn. The ring frame developed from the throstle frame, which in its turn was a descendant of Arkwright's water frame. Ring spinning is a continuous process, unlike mule spinning which uses an intermittent action. In ring spinning, the roving is first attenuated by using drawing rollers, then spun and wound around a rotating spindle which in its turn is contained within an independently rotating ring flyer. Traditionally ring frames could only be used for the coarser counts, but they could be attended by semi-skilled labour.
Alok Industries Limited, is an Indian Textile manufacturing company based in Mumbai. It Is Owned By Reliance Industries. Alok Industries Limited has five core divisions: Home Textiles, Cotton Yarn, Apparel Fabric, Garments, Technical Textiles, Textile Accessories and Polyester Yarn. Its main business involves weaving, knitting, processing, home textiles, ready made garments and polyester yarns. It exports 26% of its products to over 90 countries in the US, Europe, South America, Asia and Africa. Alok Industries also has a majority stake in a Czech republic incorporated textile company Mileta which supply its product across Europe. The export represents 90% of the entire production.
A thread is a long strand of material, often composed of several filaments or fibres, used for joining, creating or decorating textiles. Ancient Egyptians were known for creating thread using plant fibers, wool and hair. Today, thread can also be made of many different materials including but not limited to cotton, wool, flax, nylon, silk, polyester etc. There are also metal threads, which can be made of fine wire.
Dimensional stability pertains to a fabric's ability to maintain its initial size and shape even after undergoing wear and care, which is a desirable property. Textile manufacturing is based on the conversion of fiber into yarn, yarn into fabric, includes spinning, weaving, or knitting, etc. The fabric passes through many inevitable changes and mechanical forces during this journey. When the products are immersed in water, the water acts as a relaxing medium, and all stresses and strains are relaxed and the fabric tries to come back to its original state.
RadiciGroup is an Italian corporation with a network of production and sales sites located in Europe, North America, South America and Asia. RadiciGroup is one of the world’s leading producers of a wide range of chemical intermediates, polyamide polymers, engineering plastics, synthetic fibres and nonwovens.
The textile industry is Pakistan's largest manufacturing sector, employing nearly 25 million people. As the eighth largest exporter of textile commodities in Asia, the industry contributes 8.5% to the country's Gross domestic product.
Doubling is a textile industry term synonymous with combining. It can be used for various processes during spinning. During the carding stage, several sources of roving are doubled together and drawn, to remove variations in thickness. After spinning, yarn is doubled for many reasons. Yarn may be doubled to produce warp for weaving, to make cotton for lace, crochet and knitting. It is used for embroidery threads and sewing threads, for example: sewing thread is usually 6-cable thread. Two threads of spun 60s cotton are twisted together, and three of these double threads are twisted into a cable, of what is now 5s yarn. This is mercerised, gassed and wound onto a bobbin.
S. P. Oswal Jain is an Indian industrialist and the present head of the Vardhman Group The Government of India honoured him in 2010, with the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award, for his services to the fields of trade and industry.
Cotton production in Pakistan is integral to the economic development of the country. The nation is largely dependent on the cotton industry and its related textile sector, and the crop has been given a principal status in the country. Cotton is grown as an industrial crop in 15% of the nation's land during the monsoon months of April–May, known as the Kharif period, and is grown at a smaller scale between February and April. Pakistan occupied the fourth position among the cotton growers of the world, the first three being India, China and USA.
String is a long flexible structure made from fibers twisted together into a single strand, or from multiple such strands which are in turn twisted together. String is used to tie, bind, or hang other objects. It is also used as a material to make things, such as textiles, and in arts and crafts. String is a simple tool, and its use by humans is known to have been developed tens of thousands of years ago. In Mesoamerica, for example, string was invented some 20,000 to 30,000 years ago, and was made by twisting plant fibers together. String may also be a component in other tools, and in devices as diverse as weapons, musical instruments, and toys.
Ludhiana is the largest city and largest industrial hub in Punjab, India. It is the biggest city north of Delhi. It is known for hosiery and bicycle manufacturing.