Victor Charles Hanot (6 July 1844 – 28 October 1896) was a French physician remembered for his work in the field of hepatology. [1]
Hepatology is the branch of medicine that incorporates the study of liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and pancreas as well as management of their disorders. Although traditionally considered a sub-specialty of gastroenterology, rapid expansion has led in some countries to doctors specializing solely on this area, who are called hepatologists.
He earned his medical doctorate in 1875, and was associated with the Hôpital Saint-Antoine in Paris. He was professor agrégé of general medicine, and editor-in-chief of the Archives generale de médecine. Hanot was considered to be a major influence in the career of Augustin Nicolas Gilbert (1858–1927).
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of 105 square kilometres and an official estimated population of 2,140,526 residents as of 1 January 2019. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts.
Augustin Nicolas Gilbert was a French physician. He was born in the town of Buzancy, Ardennes, and died in Paris.
Hanot specialized in the study of liver diseases, making contributions in his research of cirrhosis and hemochromatosis. He provided a description of primary biliary cirrhosis, a disease sometimes referred to as "Hanot's disease". Among his written works was a study on hypertrophic cirrhosis titled Etude sur une forme de cirrhose hypertrophique du foie (cirrhose hypertrophique avec ictère chronique), (1875). [2]
The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion. In humans, it is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm. Its other roles in metabolism include the regulation of glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells and the production of hormones.
Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver does not function properly due to long-term damage. This damage is characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue by scar tissue. Typically, the disease develops slowly over months or years. Early on, there are often no symptoms. As the disease worsens, a person may become tired, weak, itchy, have swelling in the lower legs, develop yellow skin, bruise easily, have fluid build up in the abdomen, or develop spider-like blood vessels on the skin. The fluid build-up in the abdomen may become spontaneously infected. Other serious complications include hepatic encephalopathy, bleeding from dilated veins in the esophagus or dilated stomach veins, and liver cancer. Hepatic encephalopathy results in confusion and may lead to unconsciousness.
He is associated with the eponymous "Troisier-Hanot-Chauffard syndrome", characterized as hypertrophic cirrhosis with skin pigmentation and diabetes mellitus. The syndrome has several other names, such as "primary hemochromatosis", "bronze diabetes", "pigmentary cirrhosis" and "iron overload disease". It is named with two other French physicians, Charles Emile Troisier (1844–1919) and Anatole Chauffard (1855–1932).
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly known as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or death. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes.
Anatole Marie Émile Chauffard was a French internist born in Avignon.
