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Vidarbha (Sanskrit: Vidarbha) was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of south-central South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The population of Vidarbha were known as the Vaidarbhas. [1]
The territory of Vidarbha corresponded to the early modern region of Berar, as well as a large part of the Central Provinces lying between the Varadā and Wainganga rivers. To the north, Vidarbha reached the Payoṣṇī, a tributary of the Tāptī. [2]
The capital of Vidarbha was Kuṇḍina, which corresponds to the modern-day Kaundinyapur in the Chandur tehsil of the Amravati district in Maharashtra. [2]
The Vaidarbhas and their ruling clan, the Bhojas, were descended from the Ṛgvedic Yadu tribe. [2] [3]
The kingdom of Vidarbha was already existing as a famous state during the time of the Vaideha king Nimi. The king of Vidarbha at this time was named Bhīma, who was a contemporary of king Nagnajit of Gāndhāra and of Karaṇḍu of Kaliṅga. [2]
Kalinga is a historical region of India. It is generally defined as the eastern coastal region between the Ganges and the Godavari rivers, although its boundaries have fluctuated with the territory of its rulers. The core territory of Kalinga now encompasses all of Odisha and some part of northern Andhra Pradesh. At its widest extent, the Kalinga region also included parts of present-day Chhattisgarh, extending up to Amarkantak in the west. In the ancient period it extended until the bank of the Ganges river.
Kosala, sometimes referred to as Uttara Kosala was one of the Mahajanapadas of ancient India. It emerged as a small state during the Late Vedic period and became one of the earliest states to transition from a lineage-based society to a monarchy. By the 6th century BCE, it had consolidated into one of the four great powers of ancient northern India, along with Magadha, Vatsa, and Avanti.
The Mahājanapadas were sixteen kingdoms and aristocratic republics that existed in ancient India from the sixth to fourth centuries BCE, during the second urbanisation period.
Anga was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of eastern India whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The members of the Aṅga tribe were called the Āṅgeyas.
The Yadava were an ancient Indian people who believed to be descended from Yadu, a legendary king of Chandravamsha lineage.
Madra was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of north-western South Asia whose existence is attested since the Iron Age. The members of the Madra tribe were called the Madrakas.
Panchala was an ancient kingdom of northern India, located in the Ganges-Yamuna Doab of the Upper Gangetic plain which is identified as Kanyakubja or region around Kannauj. During Late Vedic times, it was one of the most powerful states of ancient India, closely allied with the Kuru Kingdom. By the c. 5th century BCE, it had become an oligarchic confederacy, considered one of the solasa (sixteen) mahajanapadas of the Indian subcontinent. After being absorbed into the Mauryan Empire, Panchala regained its independence until it was annexed by the Gupta Empire in the 4th century CE.
Aśmaka or Assaka was a Mahajanapada in ancient India which existed between 700 BCE and 425 or 345 BCE according to the Buddhist texts and Puranas. It included areas in present-day Telangana, Maharashtra and possibly Andhra Pradesh. In Gautama Buddha's time, many of the Assakas were located on the banks of the Godavari River. Its capital is variously called Potali or Podana, and is identified as present-day Bodhan in Telangana.
Kekaya was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of north-western South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The members of the Kekaya tribe were called the Kaikayas.
Avanti, was an ancient Indian Mahajanapada, roughly corresponding to the present-day Malwa region. According to the Buddhist texts, the Anguttara Nikaya, Avanti was one of the solasa mahajanapadas of the 6th century BCE. The janapada was divided into two parts by the Vindhyas, the northern part had its capital at Ujjayini and the southern part had its centre at Mahishmati.
Kuru was a Vedic Indo-Aryan tribal union in northern Iron Age India of the Bharata and Puru tribes. The Kuru kingdom appeared in the Middle Vedic period, encompassing parts of the modern-day states of Haryana, Delhi, and some North parts of Western Uttar Pradesh. The Kuru Kingdom was the first recorded state-level society in the Indian subcontinent.
Matsya was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of central South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The members of the Matsya tribe were called the Mātsyeyas and were organised into a kingdom called the Matsya kingdom.
The Vidarbha kingdom in the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata is among the many kingdoms ruled by Yadu kings . It was situated in the region still known as Vidarbha in what is now Maharashtra in central India.
Ushinara was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of north-western South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age.
Pulinda were an ancient non-Ayran tribe of south-central Indian subcontinent, whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. Pulindas were mentioned in Aitareya Brahmana of the Rigveda as descendants of Sage Vishvamitra, along with Andhras, Pundras, Sabaras, and Mutibas.
Kāśī was an ancient kingdom of India whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The inhabitants of the Kāśī were named the Kāsikas in Pāli and the Kāśeyas and Kāśikas in Sanskrit.
Daṇḍaka was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of south-central South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age.
Mūtiba was an ancient tribe of south-central South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age.
Cedī was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of central South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The members of the Cedī tribe were named the Caidyas, and were organised into a kingdom, itself also called Cedī.
Gandhāra was an ancient Indo-Aryan kingdom of northwestern Indian subcontinent whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The inhabitants of Gandhāra were called the Gāndhārīs.
