Vincent Calvez

Last updated
Vincent Calvez
Born (1981-08-20) 20 August 1981 (age 38)
Saint-Malo, Ille-et-Vilaine, France
Nationality French
Alma mater École normale supérieure
Pierre and Marie Curie University
Known for Mathematical biology
Chemotaxis
AwardsBellman Prize ``Best paper in Mathematical Biosciences" (2008–2009) [1]
CNRS Bronze Medal [2] (2014)
EMS Prize [3] (2016)
Scientific career
Fields Mathematics
Institutions École Normale Supérieure de Lyon
Claude Bernard University Lyon 1
Thesis Mathematical models and analysis for the collective motion of cells (2007)
Doctoral advisor Benoit Perthame

Vincent Calvez (born 24 August 1981) is a French mathematician. He is currently a directeur de recherche (senior researcher) at the Institute Camille Jordan at the Claude Bernard University Lyon 1. He is known for his work in mathematical modeling in biology, especially in the movement of bacteria.

Mathematician person with an extensive knowledge of mathematics

A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in his or her work, typically to solve mathematical problems.

The following summarizes basic academic ranks in the French higher education system. Most academic institutions being state-run, people with permanent positions are civil servants.

Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 public university of Lyon, France since 1969

The Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, is one of the three public universities of Lyon, France. The dominant areas of study covered by the university are science and medicine. The main administrative, teaching and research facilities are located in Villeurbanne. Other campus are the domains of Gerland, Rockefeller and Laennec. Attached to the University are the Hospices civils de Lyon including the "Centre hospitalier Lyon Sud", which is the largest teaching hospital in the Rhône-Alpes region and second largest in France.

Contents

Biography

Born in Saint-Malo, he attended lycee in Brest, he eventually gained admission to and attended École normale supérieure (Paris).

Saint-Malo Subprefecture and commune in Brittany, France

Saint-Malo is a historic French port in Brittany on the Channel coast.

Brest, France Subprefecture and commune in Brittany, France

Brest is a port city in the Finistère département in Brittany. Located in a sheltered bay not far from the western tip of the peninsula, and the western extremity of metropolitan France, Brest is an important harbour and the second French military port after Toulon. The city is located on the western edge of continental Europe. With 142,722 inhabitants in a 2007 census, Brest is at the centre of Western Brittany's largest metropolitan area, ranking third behind only Nantes and Rennes in the whole of historic Brittany, and the 19th most populous city in France; moreover, Brest provides services to the one million inhabitants of Western Brittany. Although Brest is by far the largest city in Finistère, the préfecture of the department is the much smaller Quimper.

École normale supérieure (Paris) French "grande école" (ENS Paris)

The École normale supérieure is a graduate school in Paris, France. It is one of the French grandes écoles and a school of PSL University since 2010.

He obtained his agrégation in 2005 and did his thesis in mathematics under Bernoit Perthame at the University of Paris 6, finishing in 2007. In 2008, he took a position as a chargé de recherche at the École normale supérieure de Lyon in the Unité de mathématiques pures et appliquées (UMPA) in 2008. He defended his habilitation in 2015 and obtained the position of Directeur de Recherche at Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 in 2016.

In France, the agrégation is a competitive examination for civil service in the French public education system. Candidates for the examination, or agrégatifs, become agrégés once they are admitted to the position of professeur agrégé. In France, professeurs agrégés are distinguished from professeurs certifiés recruited through the CAPES training. The agrégés are usually expected to teach at high schools (lycées) and universities, while the certifiés usually teach in junior high schools (collèges), although there is a significant overlap.

École normale supérieure de Lyon school in Lyon, France

The École normale supérieure de Lyon is a highly selective grande école located in Lyon, France. It is one of France's four Écoles normales supérieures, training researchers and teachers in the sciences and the humanities.

Habilitation defines the qualification to conduct self-contained university teaching and is the key for access to a professorship in many European countries. Despite all changes implemented in the European higher education systems during the Bologna Process, it is the highest qualification level issued through the process of a university examination and remains a core concept of scientific careers in these countries.

Since 2014, he has been an associate editor of the Journal of Mathematical Biology, and, since 2018, he has been an associate editor of the SIAM Journal of Mathematical Analysis.

<i>Journal of Mathematical Biology</i> journal

Journal of Mathematical Biology is a peer-reviewed, mathematics journal, published by Springer Verlag. Founded in 1974, the journal publishes articles on mathematical biology. In particular, papers published in this journal 'should either provide biological insight as a result of mathematical analysis or identify and open up challenging new types of mathematical problems that derive from biological knowledge'. It is the official journal of the European Society for Mathematical and Theoretical Biology. The two editors-in-chief are M. Gyllenberg and M. Lewis.

Aside from research, Calvez is also involved in the popularization of mathematics by coordinating the travelling exhibition “Mathàlyon,” intended for junior high and high school students.

Research

Calvez's early research involved the development of models for the collective movements of bacteria via chemotaxis using kinetic models. This model describes both the individual movements of bacteria and the transport of colonies as a whole, and satisfactorily explains the specific characters of this movement. Later, he worked in collaboration with biophysicists to find a new explanation for cell polarization and in collaboration with ecologists on models for invasion fronts.

Chemotaxis the directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative

Chemotaxis is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. Somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. This is important for bacteria to find food by swimming toward the highest concentration of food molecules, or to flee from poisons. In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis is critical to early development and subsequent phases of development as well as in normal function and health. In addition, it has been recognized that mechanisms that allow chemotaxis in animals can be subverted during cancer metastasis. The aberrant chemotaxis of leukocytes and lymphocytes also contribute to inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, asthma, and arthritis.

Cell polarity polar morphology of a cell, a specific orientation of the cell structure

Cell polarity refers to spatial differences in shape, structure, and function within a cell. Almost all cell types exhibit some form of polarity, which enables them to carry out specialized functions. Classical examples of polarized cells are described below, including epithelial cells with apical-basal polarity, neurons in which signals propagate in one direction from dendrites to axons, and migrating cells. Furthermore, cell polarity is important during many types of asymmetric cell division to set up functional asymmetries between daughter cells.

Bibliography

Digital object identifier Character string used as a permanent identifier for a digital object, in a format controlled by the International DOI Foundation

In computing, a digital object identifier (DOI) is a persistent identifier or handle used to identify objects uniquely, standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). An implementation of the Handle System, DOIs are in wide use mainly to identify academic, professional, and government information, such as journal articles, research reports and data sets, and official publications though they also have been used to identify other types of information resources, such as commercial videos.

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References

  1. ↑ "The Thirteenth Bellman Prize". Mathematical Biosciences. 234 (2): 154–155. 2011. doi:10.1016/j.mbs.2011.11.001.
  2. ↑ CNRS. "CNRS – CNRS bronze medals for 2014". www.cnrs.fr.
  3. ↑ "7ECM – News". www.7ecm.de.
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