A citation index is a kind of bibliographic index, an index of citations between publications, allowing the user to easily establish which later documents cite which earlier documents. A form of citation index is first found in 12th-century Hebrew religious literature. Legal citation indexes are found in the 18th century and were made popular by citators such as Shepard's Citations (1873). In 1961, Eugene Garfield's Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) introduced the first citation index for papers published in academic journals, first the Science Citation Index (SCI), and later the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI). American Chemical Society converted its printed Chemical Abstract Service into internet-accessible SciFinder in 2008. The first automated citation indexing was done by CiteSeer in 1997 and was patented. Other sources for such data include Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, Elsevier's Scopus, and the National Institutes of Health's iCite.
Scopus is a scientific abstract and citation database, launched by the academic publisher Elsevier as a competitor to older Web of Science in 2004. An ensuing competition between the two databases has been characterized as "intense" and is considered to significantly benefit their users in terms of continuous improvent in coverage, search/analysis capabilities, but not in price. Free database The Lens completes the triad of main universal academic research databases.
Isis is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press. It covers the history of science, history of medicine, and the history of technology, as well as their cultural influences. It contains original research articles and extensive book reviews and review essays. Furthermore, sections devoted to one particular topic are published in each issue in open access. These sections consist of the Focus section, the Viewpoint section and the Second Look section.
The Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of information science published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Association for Information Science and Technology. The journal publishes original research and rapid communications, as well as book reviews and announcements of the association. Occasional special issues appear with contents focused on a single topic area.
The Science Citation Index Expanded is a citation index originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and created by Eugene Garfield.
The Web of Science is a paid-access platform that provides access to multiple databases that provide reference and citation data from academic journals, conference proceedings, and other documents in various academic disciplines. Until 1997, it was originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information. It is currently owned by Clarivate, and currently contains 79 million records in the core collection and 171 million records on the platform.
The Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics is a medical journal of chiropractic, the alternative medicine practice based in pseudoscientific ideas. It is published by Mosby on behalf of the American Chiropractic Association, of which it is an official journal.
The Annals of Saudi Medicine is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre. It was established in 1981 as the King Faisal Specialist Hospital Medical Journal and obtained its current name in 1985. Publication frequency increased from quarterly to bimonthly in 1988. The editor-in-chief is Nasser Al-Sanea.
Information and Computation is a closed-access computer science journal published by Elsevier. The journal was founded in 1957 under its former name Information and Control and given its current title in 1987. As of July 2022, the current editor-in-chief is David Peleg. The journal publishes 12 issues a year.
The Journal of Infection is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal in the field of infectious disease, covering microbiology, epidemiology and clinical practice. Established in 1979, the journal was initially published quarterly by Academic Press. The first editor was Hillas Smith. The Journal of Infection is the official publication of the British Infection Association. Since 2006, the editor-in-chief has been Robert C. Read and the publisher is Elsevier.
The International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal which focuses on educational technology, specifically on theoretical, technical, and pedagogical aspects of learning in mobile and blended environments. It is the official journal of the International Association for Mobile Learning and is published on their behalf by IGI Global. The journal was established in 2009 by David Parsons, who remains the editor-in-chief. Annual collections of papers from the journal are published as a series of edited books.
The Journal of Biological Rhythms is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers chronobiology or any rhythms, especially biological rhythms with a special emphasis on seasonal and circadian rhythms. The journal publishes primary reports, reviews, commentaries, or letters. The Journal of Biological Rhythms has been in publication since 1986 and is currently published by SAGE Publications. The journal is the official publication of the Society for Research on Biological Rhythms. The editor-in-chief is Mary E. Harrington.
Physics Essays is a quarterly journal supposedly covering theoretical and experimental physics. It was established in 1988 and the editor-in-chief is Emilio Panarella.
The Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia (SHPA). The journal covers the field of pharmacy and includes "focus sections" on geriatric therapeutics and primary care. As the official publication of SHPA, the journal also publishes editorial discussion relating to pharmacy practice, book reviews, and recurring review sections focusing on medication safety and recent research in clinical pharmacy from around the world. The editor-in-chief is Chris Alderman.
The American Sociologist is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering sociology with special emphasis on topics of broad concern to the profession and the discipline. It was established in 1965 and published by the American Sociological Association until suspended in 1982. It resumed in 1987 when it was taken over by Transaction Publishers. Transaction sold its journal publishing program to Springer Science+Business Media in 2007.
T.J. Thomson is a senior lecturer in the School of Communication at the Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia, and a chief investigator at its Digital Media Research Centre, where he leads its News, Media, and Journalism Research Group. He teaches and researches on visual communication topics, especially media representation, the production and reception of visual journalism, and visual culture. He has been an officer in several national and international societies and has served as the associate editor of Visual Communication Quarterly since 2017.
Journal of Public Policy & Marketing is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Marketing Association. It covers all aspects of the intersection of marketing and public policy. It was originally established in 1979 as Public Policy Issues in Marketing, and renamed itself to Journal of Marketing & Public Policy 1982 for one year, before settling on the current name in 1983.
The Journal of Human Rights is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering human rights studies and practices, and natural and legal rights in context of national and international law, and international relations. It is published by Routledge and is currently housed at the University of Connecticut, Storrs with Shareen Hertel as editor-in-chief. The journal was established in 2001 by founding editor-in-chief Thomas Cushman.
To See and Be Seen: The Environments, Interactions and Identities Behind News Images is a non-fiction book written by T. J. Thomson and published in 2019 by Rowman & Littlefield. It is the winner of the National Communication Association’s 2020 Diane S. Hope Book of the Year award. NCA reviewers called the book “a signature achievement in understanding the process of media production and the ethics of photojournalism.”
Multilingua, Journal of Cross-Cultural and Interlanguage Communication is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal in linguistics, specializing in the sociolinguistics of multilingualism, language learning, intercultural communication, and translation and interpreting. The journal was established in 1982 and is published by de Gruyter Mouton.
