William Eaton (scientist)

Last updated
William Allen Eaton
Picture of William A. Eaton (scientist).jpg
Born
Alma mater University of Pennsylvania
Scientific career
Fields Biophysical Chemistry, Hematology
Institutions National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Doctoral advisor Robin Hochstrasser

William Allen Eaton is a biophysical chemist who is a NIH Distinguished Investigator, Chief of the Section on Biophysical Chemistry, and Chief of the Laboratory of Chemical Physics at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, one of the 20 Institutes of the United States National Institutes of Health. [1]

Contents

Early life and education

Eaton was born and raised in Philadelphia. [2] Like many in his family, he attended the University of Pennsylvania as an undergraduate, majoring in chemistry and graduating in 1959. [1] [3] He then spent one year in Germany as the first Willy Brandt - University of Pennsylvania exchange student at the Free University Berlin. He entered Penn medical school in the Fall of 1960, but discovered that he was more interested in research, particularly after spending the summer of 1962 carrying out research on protein biosynthesis under the supervision of Sydney Brenner at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England. He decided to pursue a Ph.D. and became one of Penn's first M.D.-Ph.D. students, working with Robin Hochstrasser on molecular spectroscopy of single crystals of heme proteins. [3] He received his M.D. in 1964 and his Ph.D. in 1967. [1] After finishing his Ph.D. research, he was drafted into the military and chose to fulfill his military obligation as a medical officer in the United States Public Health Service, where he could conduct research at the National Institutes of Health. [3]

Research career

Eaton has spent his entire career at the NIH after arriving as a medical officer in the Public Health Service in January 1968, leaving only once for a significant period of time to teach physical chemistry as a visiting professor at Harvard for the Spring semester of 1976. In 1972, he was tenured in the then-new Laboratory of Chemical Physics and became its chief in 1986. [4] Eaton's early work at NIH built on his work on heme proteins, focusing mainly on hemoglobin and the abnormal aggregation of the mutant form of the protein found in sickle-cell anemia. In the early 1990s, Eaton began to focus on theoretical and experimental studies of protein folding and has been particularly influential in the study of fast-folding proteins and applications of single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. [3]

In addition to research, Eaton is credited for developing the Laboratory of Chemical Physics within the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH into one of the very top biophysics/structural biology departments in the USA. Eaton, as Chief of the Laboratory of Chemical Physics, recruited the legendary theorist, Robert Zwanzig, and scientists such as Ad Bax, Marius Clore FRS, Angela Gronenborn, Attila Szabo, and Robert Tycko all of whom were subsequently elected to the US National Academy of Sciences. As Scientific Director from 1986-2018 of the Intramural AIDS Targeted Anti-viral Program of the Office of the Director, NIH, Eaton directed a program that contributed to the sterling record of NIH scientists in meeting the AIDS crisis, a program that has been a model for new special granting programs within NIH.

Awards and honors

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">G. Marius Clore</span> Molecular biophysicist, structural biologist

G. Marius Clore MAE, FRSC, FMedSci, FRS is a British-born, Anglo-American molecular biophysicist and structural biologist. He was born in London, U.K. and is a dual U.S./U.K. Citizen. He is a Member of the National Academy of Sciences, a Fellow of the Royal Society, a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a NIH Distinguished Investigator, and the Chief of the Molecular and Structural Biophysics Section in the Laboratory of Chemical Physics of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases at the U.S. National Institutes of Health. He is known for his foundational work in three-dimensional protein and nucleic acid structure determination by biomolecular NMR spectroscopy, for advancing experimental approaches to the study of large macromolecules and their complexes by NMR, and for developing NMR-based methods to study rare conformational states in protein-nucleic acid and protein-protein recognition. Clore's discovery of previously undetectable, functionally significant, rare transient states of macromolecules has yielded fundamental new insights into the mechanisms of important biological processes, and in particular the significance of weak interactions and the mechanisms whereby the opposing constraints of speed and specificity are optimized. Further, Clore's work opens up a new era of pharmacology and drug design as it is now possible to target structures and conformations that have been heretofore unseen.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "William A. Eaton". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  2. Caroulis, John (Winter 2017). "A Deep and Lasting Passion for Science". Penn Medicine News. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Mossman, K. (3 June 2009). "Profile of William A. Eaton". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (23): 9135–9137. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.9135M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0904546106 . PMC   2695067 . PMID   19497861.
  4. 1 2 "William Allen Eaton". National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  5. "Members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  6. "APS Fellow Archive". American Physical Society. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  7. "Society Awards". Biophysical Society. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  8. "Protein Society Awards". The Protein Society. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  9. "2012 Max Delbruck Prize in Biological Physics Recipient". American Physical Society. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  10. William Eaton receiving Honorary Laurea from University of Parma