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In Unix-like operating systems, /dev/random and /dev/urandom are special files that serve as cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generators (CSPRNGs). They allow access to a CSPRNG that is seeded with entropy from environmental noise, collected from device drivers and other sources. /dev/random typically blocked if there was less entropy available than requested; more recently it usually blocks at startup until sufficient entropy has been gathered, then unblocks permanently. The /dev/urandom device typically was never a blocking device, even if the pseudorandom number generator seed was not fully initialized with entropy since boot. Not all operating systems implement the same methods for /dev/random and /dev/urandom.
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ifconfig is a system administration utility in Unix-like operating systems for network interface configuration.
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In Unix-like operating systems, a device file, device node, or special file is an interface to a device driver that appears in a file system as if it were an ordinary file. There are also special files in DOS, OS/2, and Windows. These special files allow an application program to interact with a device by using its device driver via standard input/output system calls. Using standard system calls simplifies many programming tasks, and leads to consistent user-space I/O mechanisms regardless of device features and functions.
ethtool is the primary means in Linux kernel-based operating systems for displaying and modifying the parameters of network interface controllers (NICs) and their associated device driver software from application programs running in userspace.
In computing, route is a command used to view and manipulate the IP routing table in Unix-like and Microsoft Windows operating systems and also in IBM OS/2 and ReactOS. Manual manipulation of the routing table is characteristic of static routing.
netsniff-ng is a free Linux network analyzer and networking toolkit originally written by Daniel Borkmann. Its gain of performance is reached by zero-copy mechanisms for network packets, so that the Linux kernel does not need to copy packets from kernel space to user space via system calls such as recvmsg . libpcap, starting with release 1.0.0, also supports the zero-copy mechanism on Linux for capturing (RX_RING), so programs using libpcap also use that mechanism on Linux.
References
- ↑ Wireless Tools for Linux
- ↑ Linux Journal Marcel Gagne's Cooking With Linux 2005-07-28 edition, http://www.linuxjournal.com/node/8355/print
- ↑ Arch Linux wiki, https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Wireless_network_configuration#Manual_setup
- ↑ iw utility homepage, https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/en/users/documentation/iw
- ↑ Replacing iwconfig with iw, https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/en/users/documentation/iw/replace-iwconfig
- ↑ Xmodulo tutorial, http://xmodulo.com/manage-wifi-connection-command-line.html
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