XVIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)

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XVIII Corps
On Sekizinci Kolordu
Active1912-1913
June 7, 1915 (as the Right Wing Group of the Third Army) [1] –
September 20, 1915 (as the XVIII Corps) [2] -
Country Ottoman Empire
Type Corps
Patron Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
Engagements Mesopotamian campaign (World War I)
Commanders
Notable
commanders		 Miralay Mehmet Ali Bey
Miralay Halil Bey
Miralay Kâzım Karabekir Bey (April 27, 1916-April 8, 1917 [3] )
Miralay Galatalı Şevket Bey

The XVIII Corps of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: 18 nci Kolordu or On Sekizinci Kolordu) was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during World War I.

Ottoman Empire Former empire in Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa

The Ottoman Empire, historically known to its inhabitants and the Eastern world as Rome (Rûm), and known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman I. Although initially the dynasty was of Turkic origin, it was thoroughly Persianised in terms of language, culture, literature and habits. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe, and with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror.

Turkish language Turkic language mainly spoken and used in Turkey

Turkish, also referred to as Istanbul Turkish, and sometimes known as Turkey Turkish, is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around ten to fifteen million native speakers in Southeast Europe and sixty to sixty-five million native speakers in Western Asia. Outside Turkey, significant smaller groups of speakers exist in Germany, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Northern Cyprus, Greece, the Caucasus, and other parts of Europe and Central Asia. Cyprus has requested that the European Union add Turkish as an official language, even though Turkey is not a member state.

Corps military unit size designation

Corps is a term used for several different kinds of organisation. A military innovation by Napoleon, the formation was first named as such in 1805.

Contents

Balkan Wars

Order of Battle, October 29, 1912

On October 29, 1912, the corps was structured as follows: [4]

The Second Eastern Army of the Ottoman Empire was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the initial phase of the First Balkan War. It confronted Bulgarian forces. It was formed from units of reorganized Eastern Army on October 29, 1912.

World War I

Order of Battle, June 1915

The corps was formed as the Right Wing Group of the Mahmut Kâmil Pasha's Third Army on June 7, 1915 and commanded by Halil Bey. In a rearrangement of operational field commands, Mahmut Kâmil Pasha redesigned this unit as the Provisional Halil Corps. [1]

Third Army (Ottoman Empire)

The Third Army was originally established in the Balkans and later defended the northeastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire. Its initial headquarters was at Salonica, where it formed the core of the military forces that supported the Young Turk Revolution of 1908. Many of its officers who participated in the Revolution, including Enver Pasha and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, rose to fame and power.

Halil Kut Ottoman general

Halil Kut was an Ottoman-born Turkish regional governor and military commander. Halil Pasha was the uncle of Enver Pasha, who was the War Minister during World War I.

Mirliva or Mîr-i livâ was a military rank of the Ottoman Army and Navy. It corresponds to a Major General in the modern Turkish Army. Mirliva is a compound word composed of Mir (commander) and Liva. The rank was junior to the Ferik and superior to the rank Miralay in the Ottoman Army and the pre-1934 Turkish Army.

The 1st Expeditionary Force of the Ottoman Empire was one of the expeditionary forces of the Ottoman Army.

Ali İhsan Sâbis Turkish general

Ali İhsan Sâbis was the commander for the Sixth Army of the Ottoman Empire. After the war he was exiled to Malta by the British occupation forces. After returning to Turkey, he was appointed to the commandship of the First Army of Turkey. But shortly before the battle of Dumlupınar, he retired.

Order of Battle, Late Summer 1915

On September 20, 1915, the Provisional Halil Corps was re-designated as the XVIII Corps of the Ottoman Army. [2] In late Summer 1915, the corps was structured as follows: [5]

Order of Battle, January 1916

In January 1916, the corps was structured as follows: [6]

Order of Battle, August 1916

In August 1916, the corps was structured as follows: [7]

Order of Battle, December 1916

In December 1916, the corps was structured as follows: [8]

Order of Battle, August 1917, January 1918

In August 1917, January 1918, the corps was structured as follows: [9]

Order of Battle, September 1918

In November 1918, the corps was structured as follows: [10]

Sources

  1. 1 2 Edward J. Erickson, Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A comparative study, Routledge, 2007, ISBN   978-0-415-77099-6, p. 72.
  2. 1 2 Edward J. Erickson, Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A comparative study, Routledge, 2007, ISBN   978-0-415-77099-6, p. 73.
  3. ↑ T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademlerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri, Genkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, p. 162. (in Turkish)
  4. ↑ Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913, Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 103.
  5. ↑ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN   0-313-31516-7, p. 109.
  6. ↑ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN   0-313-31516-7, p. 126.
  7. ↑ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN   0-313-31516-7, p. 134.
  8. ↑ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN   0-313-31516-7, p. 154.
  9. ↑ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN   0-313-31516-7, p. 170, 181.
  10. ↑ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN   0-313-31516-7, p. 197.

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