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Cognitive neuroscience is the scientific field that is concerned with the study of the biological processes and aspects that underlie cognition,with a specific focus on the neural connections in the brain which are involved in mental processes. It addresses the questions of how cognitive activities are affected or controlled by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both neuroscience and psychology,overlapping with disciplines such as behavioral neuroscience,cognitive psychology,physiological psychology and affective neuroscience. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neurobiology,and computational modeling.
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Dopaminergic pathways in the human brain are involved in both physiological and behavioral processes including movement,cognition,executive functions,reward,motivation,and neuroendocrine control. Each pathway is a set of projection neurons,consisting of individual dopaminergic neurons.
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Frontostriatal circuits are neural pathways that connect frontal lobe regions with the striatum and mediate motor,cognitive,and behavioural functions within the brain. They receive inputs from dopaminergic,serotonergic,noradrenergic,and cholinergic cell groups that modulate information processing. Frontostriatal circuits are part of the executive functions. Executive functions include the following:selection and perception of important information,manipulation of information in working memory,planning and organization,behavioral control,adaptation to changes,and decision making. These circuits are involved in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease as well as neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia,depression,obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD),and in neurodevelopmental disorder such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
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Catherine Hartley is an American psychologist and an Associate Professor of Psychology within the Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science at New York University in New York City. Hartley's research explores how brain development impacts the evaluation of negative experiences,decision-making,and motivated behavior. Her work has helped to elucidate how uncontrollable aversive events affect fear learning and how learning to control aversive stimuli can improve emotional resilience.
References
- 1 2 "Yael Niv | Neuroscience". pni.princeton.edu. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
- ↑ Mandavilli, Apoorva (2016-09-05). "Female Scientists Turn to Data to Fight Lack of Representation on Panels (Published 2016)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2020-12-10.
- ↑ "How to fight sexism in science". Spectrum | Autism Research News. 2016-11-14. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
- ↑ "Troland Research Awards". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
- ↑ "President Obama Honors Outstanding Early-Career Scientists". whitehouse.gov. 2013-12-23. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
- ↑ "Past Fellows". sloan.org. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
- ↑ "Ellison Medical Foundation New Scholars in Aging for 2011 | The Lawrence Ellison Foundation". www.ellisonmedicalfoundation.com. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
- ↑ Niv, Yael; Joel, Daphna; Meilijson, Isaac; Ruppin, Eytan (2002). "Evolution of Reinforcement Learning in Uncertain Environments: A Simple Explanation for Complex Foraging Behaviors". Adaptive Behavior. 10 (1): 5–24. doi:10.1177/1059-712302-010001-01. ISSN 1059-7123. S2CID 208044692.
- ↑ "Neurotree - Yael Niv Family Tree". neurotree.org. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
- ↑ Daw, Nathaniel D; Niv, Yael; Dayan, Peter (2005). "Uncertainty-based competition between prefrontal and dorsolateral striatal systems for behavioral control". Nature Neuroscience. 8 (12): 1704–1711. doi:10.1038/nn1560. ISSN 1097-6256. PMID 16286932. S2CID 16385268.
- ↑ "The Effects of Motivation on Habitual Instrumental Behavior". CiteSeerX 10.1.1.348.3750 .
- ↑ "Yael Niv". Simons Foundation. 2017-08-16. Retrieved 2020-10-23.
- ↑ "Yael Niv – Institute for the Study of Decision Making (ISDM) – New York University" . Retrieved 2020-12-10.
- ↑ Daw, Nathaniel D.; Niv, Yael; Dayan, Peter (2005). "Uncertainty-based competition between prefrontal and dorsolateral striatal systems for behavioral control". Nature Neuroscience. 8 (12): 1704–1711. doi:10.1038/nn1560. ISSN 1546-1726. PMID 16286932. S2CID 16385268.
- ↑ "Yael Niv – Institute for the Study of Decision Making (ISDM) – New York University" . Retrieved 2020-12-08.
