{{lang|ar|يغمراسن إبن زيان}}"},"title":{"wt":"Amîr al-MuslîmînAbou Zakarya Yah'ya Ibn Khaldoun Trad. Alfred Bel, Histoire des beni 'Abd El-Wad rois de Tlemcen jusqu'au règne d'Abou Hammou Moussa II, Alger, Imprimerie orientale Pierre Fonatana, 1904 p151 ; 152"},"image":{"wt":"Zianid_Sultan_1413_Mecia_Viladestes_map.jpg"},"image_size":{"wt":""},"alt":{"wt":""},"caption":{"wt":"Possible depiction of Yaghmurasen"},"succession":{"wt":"[[Sultan]] of the [[Kingdom of Tlemcen]]"},"moretext":{"wt":""},"reign":{"wt":"1236–1283"},"reign-type":{"wt":""},"coronation":{"wt":""},"cor-type":{"wt":""},"predecessor":{"wt":"Zyan ben Thabet"},"pre-type":{"wt":""},"successor":{"wt":"[[Abu Said Uthman I]]"},"suc-type":{"wt":""},"regent":{"wt":""},"reg-type":{"wt":""},"reg-type3":{"wt":""},"birth_name":{"wt":"Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan"},"birth_date":{"wt":"1206"},"birth_place":{"wt":""},"death_date":{"wt":"February/March 1283a et b Ibn Khaldoun, Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique septentrionale, traduction du baron de Slane (tome III), Ed. Imprimerie du Gouvernement (Alger), 1856 [https://books.google.com/books?id=81X9xomfVLcC (read online)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310220759/https://books.google.com/books?id=81X9xomfVLcC |date=2022-03-10 }} (aged 76–77)"},"death_place":{"wt":"[[Miliana]] (present-day [[Algeria]])"},"burial_place":{"wt":""},"issue":{"wt":""},"issue-link":{"wt":""},"issue-pipe":{"wt":""},"full name":{"wt":""},"era name":{"wt":""},"era dates":{"wt":""},"house":{"wt":"[[Zayyanid]]"},"house-type":{"wt":"Dynasty"},"religion":{"wt":"[[Islam]]"}},"i":0}}]}" id="mwBA">
Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan يغمراسن إبن زيان | |
---|---|
Amîr al-Muslîmîn [1] | |
Sultan of the Kingdom of Tlemcen | |
Reign | 1236–1283 |
Predecessor | Zyan ben Thabet |
Successor | Abu Said Uthman I |
Born | Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan 1206 |
Died | February/March 1283 [2] (aged 76–77) Miliana (present-day Algeria) |
Dynasty | Zayyanid |
Religion | Islam |
Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan (1206 – February/March 1283, Arabic : يغمراسن إبن زيان, long name: Yaghmurasan ben Ziyan ben Thabet ben Mohamed ben Zegraz ben Tiddugues ben Taaullah ben Ali ben Abd al-Qasem ben Abd al-Wad) was the founder of the Zayyanid dynasty. Under his reign the Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen extended over present-day north-western Algeria.
He was of the Zenata Berber tribe. [3] He founded the Zayyanid state in 1235, and warred with the Almohad Caliphate until 1248. He was successful in his military campaigns against the Merinids and the Maqil Arab tribe.
The governor of Ceuta, Abou'l-Hassan ben-Khelas, had revolted against the Almohads and recognised the sovereignty of Yaghmurasen, after this the Almohad ruler decided to march against Tlemcen but was defeated by Yaghmurasen. [4] When the Almohad Caliph marched against him, Yaghmurasen defeated him in the Battle of Oujda, the Almohad Caliphs head was taken and ordered to be shown to his mother. [4]
Ibn Khaldun mentions anecdotes about him. Thus Yaghomracen heard genealogists who traced his descent from Muhammad. He commented about this claim in his local Berber language and said this:
If it is true, it will benefit us before God; but, in this world, we will owe our success only to our swords. [5]
When an architect wanted to write his name on a minaret that he had built, Yaghmurasen replied in his Zenati dialect "God knows" (Issen Rebbi). [6]
In his commentary on the hagiographic book of Ibn al-Zayyat al-Tadili (Attashawof), Ahmed Toufiq explains that Yaghmur in Berber means "the virile/Stallion" whereas the prefix asen means "to them". Thereby giving "Yaghmurasen" a meaning close to "To prevail over them" [7]
Much of the history of Algeria has taken place on the fertile coastal plain of North Africa, which is often called the Maghreb. North Africa served as a transit region for people moving towards Europe or the Middle East, thus, the region's inhabitants have been influenced by populations from other areas, including the Carthaginians, Romans, and Vandals. The region was conquered by the Muslims in the early 8th century AD, but broke off from the Umayyad Caliphate after the Berber Revolt of 740. During the Ottoman period, Algeria became an important state in the Mediterranean sea which led to many naval conflicts. The last significant events in the country's recent history have been the Algerian War and Algerian Civil War.
Ifriqiya, also known as al-Maghrib al-Adna, was a medieval historical region comprising today's Tunisia, eastern Algeria, and Tripolitania. It included all of what had previously been the Byzantine province of Africa Proconsularis and extended beyond it, but did not include the Mauretanias.
The Hammadid dynasty, also known as the Hammadid Emirate or the Kingdom of Bejaia, was a medieval Islamic kingdom located in the central Maghreb, encompassing present-day Algeria. It was established at the beginning of the 11th century when Hammad ibn Buluggin declared himself emir, thus splitting the Zirid domains into two separate dynasties. Under the reign of Emir Al Nasir, the emirate briefly became the most important state in the Maghreb, and reached its greatest territorial extent, stretching from Tlemcen in the west to Tunis in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the desert oasis of Ouargla and Oued Righ in the south. While they briefly controlled the principality of Fez in the west and cities like Sfax, Kairouan, Laribus, and Tripoli to the east.
The Zayyanid dynasty or Abd al-Wadids was a Berber Zenata dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Tlemcen, mainly in modern Algeria centered on the town of Tlemcen in northwest Algeria. The Zayyanid dynasty's rule lasted from 1235 to 1557.
Buluggin ibn Ziri, often transliterated Bologhine, in full ʾAbū al Futūḥ Sayf ad Dawlah Bulukīn ibn Zīrī ibn Manād aṣ Ṣanhājī was the first leader of the Sanhaja Berber dynasty of Zirids to serve as viceroy of Ifriqiya under the Fatimid Caliphs, founding a dynasty that continued to rule the region after him.
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William McGuckin, known as Baron de Slane was an Irish orientalist. He became a French national on 31 December 1838. and held the post of the Principal Interpreter of Arabic of the French Army from 1 September 1846 until his retirement on 28 March 1872. He is known for publishing and translating a number of important medieval Arabic texts.
The Banu Ifran or Ifranids, were a Zenata Berber tribe prominent in the history of pre-Islamic and early Islamic North Africa. In the 8th century, they established a kingdom in the central Maghreb, with Tlemcen as its capital.
Ziri ibn Atiyya was the tribal leader of the Berber Maghrawa tribal confederacy and kingdom in Fez.
Abd al-Aziz ibn Mansur was the ruler of the Hammadids from 1104 to 1121.
Abu Yedda, also known as Ibn Yedda Douanas or Yedder, was a Berber leader of the 10th century. He was a member of the tribe of Banu IfranWhen he murdered his uncle Habbous, the Banu Ifren tribe was unhappy with him. Yedda crossed into Spain with Zenetes troops in 992. Yedda partnered with the Berbers when they defeated the armies of the King of Spain and the Mehdi. He was killed and buried in Spain after the battle. His family governed in Cordoba for three centuries.
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The Kingdom of Tlemcen or Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen was a kingdom ruled by the Berber Zayyanid dynasty in what is now the northwest of Algeria. Its territory stretched from Tlemcen to the Chelif bend and Algiers, and at its zenith reached Sijilmasa and the Moulouya River in the west, Tuat to the south and the Soummam in the east.
Abu Said Uthman I, or Othmane ibn Yaghmurasen or in Algerian Arabic, ruled the Zenata Berber Kingdom of Tlemcen from March 1283 to June 1304.
Sulaymān I,, sometimes called Sidi Sliman or Moulay Slimane, was the brother of Idris I of Morocco, son of the great grandson of the caliph Ali and Fatima, daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was probably born around 730 and died in 814, perhaps in Ain El Hout in the province of Tlemcen in Algeria.
Abu Kamal Temim bin Ziri bin Ya'la Al-Yafrani, was the leader of the Berber Zenata tribe known as Banu Ifren from 1029 to 1035 during the Middle Ages in the Maghreb. He is the grandson of Yala Ibn Mohammed.
Abu Soda ibn Khalila Al-Ifreni was the Emir of the Zenatas from the Banu Ifran up until his death in 1058 cause of the Banu Hilal.
The Zayyanid-Almohad wars (1236–1248), also known as the Tlemcen-Almohad wars, were a series of conflicts that occurred between the Zayyanid dynasty, rulers of the Kingdom of Tlemcen in present-day Algeria, and the Almohad Caliphate, a North African Berber-Muslim empire that existed from the 12th to the 13th centuries. These wars took place during the Almohad period and were primarily fought over territorial control and influence in the Maghreb region of North Africa.
Following the spread of Islam, Algeria experienced three major waves of Arab migration that significantly altered its demographics and culture. The first wave occurred in the 7th century, with Arab political and trading elites settling mainly in large cities following the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. This was followed by the large-scale migration of Bedouin tribes, including Banu Hilal, Banu Sulaym, and Banu Ma'qil in the 11th century, who settled in rural areas, especially the plains. Around the same time, Arabs from al-Andalus (Moors) also migrated, further contributing to the Arabization of the country. Gabriel Martinez described these Andalusian Arabs as the "watchdogs" of the Arabic language.