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Tamar the Great reigned as the Queen of Georgia from 1184 to 1213, presiding over the apex of the Georgian Golden Age. A member of the Bagrationi dynasty, her position as the first woman to rule Georgia in her own right was emphasized by the title mepe ("king"), afforded to Tamar in the medieval Georgian sources.
The Battle of Basiani was fought, in the 13th century, between the armies of the Kingdom of Georgia and the Seljuqid Sultanate of Rum in the Basiani valley, 60 km northeast of the city of Erzurum in what is now northeast Republic of Turkey. The battle is variously dated between 1202 and 1205, but 1203 or 1204 has lately been given preference. The contemporary Muslim chronicler Ibn Bibi places the battle in 598 AH. The modern Turkish historians identify the castle of Micingerd (Mazankert) as the location of the battle.
The Tarkhan-Mouravi is a Georgian noble family, claiming descent from the Shamkhal dynasty of Tarki, in Dagestan. Originally known as Saakadze (სააკაძე), they acquired, in the 1640s, the title of prince (tavadi) and the new surname, which is a composite of the two hereditary offices, mouravi and tarkhan. The family was reconfirmed as the princes (knyaz) by the Russian Empire in 1826 and 1850. The cadets continued to be called Saakadze and remained members of the untitled nobility (aznauri) until 1881 when they were also elevated to the princely rank.
Vardan I Dadiani was a Georgian noble and the forefather of the Dadiani, the princely dynasty of Samegrelo (Mingrelia), a region in western Georgia which Vardan ruled as eristavi ("duke") from 1183 to 1213. He was a prominent courtier of Queen Tamar of Georgia, but fell out of favor after leading an abortive rebellion in support of Tamar's disgraced former husband George the Rus' in 1191.
The Surameli were a noble family in the medieval Kingdom of Georgia, with notable members from the 12th century to the 14th. At the height of their influence and prestige in the 13th century, the Surameli were hereditary eristavi ("duke") of Kartli and msakhurt-ukhutsesi of Georgia.
Georgian–Seljuk wars, also known as Georgian Crusade, is a long series of battles and military clashes that took place from c. 1048 until 1213, between the Kingdom of Georgia and the different Seljuqid states that occupied most of Transcaucasia. The conflict is preceded by deadly raids in the Caucasus by the Turks in the 11th century, known in Georgian historiography as the Great Turkish Invasion.
Zakaria II Mkhargrdzeli(Means Longarm or ShoulderLong) or Zakare Zakarian was a Georgian–Armenian noble of Kurd origin and one of the generals of Queen Tamar of Georgia army during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. He was the ruler of feudal lands in the Kingdom of Georgia.
Ivane-Qvarqvare Jaqeli-Tsikhisjvareli was a Georgian nobleman of the Jaqeli family, who served as eristavi ("duke") and spasalar ("constable") of Samtskhe in the early 13th century. Rising to prominence thanks to his loyal service to Queen-Regnant Tamar of Georgia, Ivane Jaqeli's long career spanned pivotal years in the history of medieval Georgia, through the "Golden Age" to the crisis and decline under the Mongol hegemony.
Kubasar or Qubasar was the 12th-century Georgian politician. A Georgianized Kipchak, his ancestry traced to those Turkic tribesmen from the North Caucasus steppes who had been settled in Georgia under King David IV. In sharp contrast to old, frequently rebellious Georgian feudal lords, Qubasar represented ennobled commoners and military servicemen, who gained distinction through their loyalty to the King George III whom Qubasar served as an Amirspasalar ("constable"), a post he held upon Queen Tamar’s ascend to the throne in 1184.
Guzan or Guzan Abulasanisdze was the 12th-century Georgian nobleman and politician, a powerful feudal lord from Southern Georgia; ruler of Klarjeti, Tao and Shavsheti. He rebelled twice against the Queen Tamar, for which he was punished by David Soslan by the gouging out his eyes.
Sargis Tmogveli or Sargis of Tmogvi was a 12th-13th century Georgian statesman and writer active during the reign of Queen Tamar. Sargis, son of Varam, belonged to the Tmogveli branch of the powerful Mkhargrdzeli family and owned estates in Tmogvi.
Asat Grigolisdze was a 12th-century Georgian noble (didebuli) and eristavi ("duke") of Hereti in eastern Georgia. Asat, son of Grigol, who took the post by force from Saghir Kolonkelisdze; a little later he handed it over to his son, Grigol, because he obtained for himself Arishiani, and the right to sit on a cushion. During a revolt of treasurer Qutlu Arslan, who led a group of nobles and wealthy citizens in a struggle to limit the royal authority in 1191, Asat was one of the few nobles who remained loyal to the Queen Tamar. Following the invitation of Asat, Tamar undertook the great and glorious march to the countries below Ganja and Beylagan, then over the Araxes up to the mountain of Ararat.
Chiaber was a Georgian noble (didebuli) from eastern Georgia in the 12th century. A foster son of George III of Georgia.
Gamrekeli Toreli or Gamrekeli of Tori was a 12th-century Georgian noble (didebuli) and duke (eristavi) of Akhalkalakhi and Tori.
Zakaria Panaskerteli was a 12th-13th century Georgian nobleman and politician. Zakaria belonged to the Panaskerteli branch of the Aspanidze family and owned estates in Tao-Klarjeit. Until the 1180's he was a vassal of Guzan Abulasanisdze, ruler of Tao-Klarjeti. The turning point in Zakaria's fortune came with Guzan's rebellion against Queen Tamar, Zakaria remained loyal to the Queen and together with some other nobles, put down revolt in 1192. For this he was given Panaskerti castle to secure frontier borders in Tao-Klarjeti. The new frontier duchy comprised areas of Shavsheti, Klarjeti, Tao and Speri.
Ivane Mkhargdzeli(means Longarm or Shoulderlong was a Georgian-Armenian noble from family of Zakarids–Mkhargrdzeli and one of the main generals of Tamar's army during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. He was given the title of atabeg and was the ruler of feudal lands in the Kingdom of Georgia.
Shanshe Mkhargrdzeli was a Georgian noble of Armenian descent, he was mandaturtukhutsesi and amirspasalar of Georgia during the 13th century.
Taki ad-Din Tmogveli was a 13th century Georgian noble and one of the commanders of Tamar's army. He belonged to the Tmogveli branch of the powerful Mkhargrdzeli family and owned estates in Tmogvi. He participated in battle of Basian in 1203 and raids into northern Iran in 1210, where he commanded detachment of five hundred horsemen against Marandian forces.
Sargis Mkhargrdzeli or Sargis Zakarian was a Georgian-Armenian noble and one of the generals of Tamar's army during the late 12th century.
Vahram Gageli or Vahram of Gagi, also known as Varam was a Georgian noble of Armenian descent during the 13th century.
References
- ↑ Shoshiashvili N. Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia, Book 2, page 611. Tbilisi 1977
- ↑ Georgian National Academy of Sciences, Kartlis Tskhovreba (History of Georgia), Artanuji pub. Tbilisi 2014
- ↑ National Parliamentary Library of Georgia Zakaria Gageli
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