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Kenneth Kaunda, also known as KK, was a Zambian politician who served as the first president of Zambia from 1964 to 1991. He was at the forefront of the struggle for independence from British rule. Dissatisfied with Harry Nkumbula's leadership of the Northern Rhodesian African National Congress, he broke away and founded the Zambian African National Congress, later becoming the head of the socialist United National Independence Party (UNIP).
The history of Zambia experienced many stages from colonisation to independence from Britain on 24 October 1964. Northern Rhodesia became a British sphere of influence in the present-day region of Zambia in 1888, and was officially proclaimed a British protectorate in 1924. After many years of suggested mergers, Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia, and Nyasaland were merged into the British Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
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The president of Zambia is the head of state and the head of government of Zambia. The office was first held by Kenneth Kaunda following independence in 1964. Since 1991, when Kaunda left the presidency, the office has been held by seven others: Frederick Chiluba, Levy Mwanawasa, Rupiah Banda, Michael Sata, Edgar Lungu and the current president Hakainde Hichilema, who won the 2021 presidential election. In addition, acting president Guy Scott served in an interim capacity after the death of President Michael Sata.
The University of Zambia (UNZA) is a public university located in Lusaka, Zambia. It is Zambia's largest and oldest learning institution. The university was established in 1965 and officially opened to the public on 12 July 1966. The language of instruction is English.
Luke Mwananshiku was a Zambian banker, businessman, politician and diplomat. He was a government minister under Zambia's first president, Kenneth Kaunda, serving as the governor of the Bank of Zambia from 1976 to 1981, and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1986 to 1990. Mwananshiku was also Minister of Finance from 1982 to 1987. He served as a director of the Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines and of the International Monetary Fund. He died at the Trust Hospital in Lusaka of heart failure in 2003.
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The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, also known as the Central African Federation (CAF), was a colonial federation that consisted of three southern African territories: the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia and the British protectorates of Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. It existed between 1953 and 1963.
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The Lusaka Manifesto is a document created by the Fifth Summit Conference of East and Central African States which took place between 14 and 16 April 1969 in Lusaka, the capital of Zambia. Produced at a time when the Republic of South Africa and its affiliated white-ruled regimes in Mozambique, Rhodesia, and Angola were relatively strong but politically isolated, the Manifesto called upon them to relinquish white supremacy and minority rule and singled out apartheid South Africa for violation of human rights. In the manifesto, which was subsequently adopted both by the Organisation of African Unity and the United Nations, thirteen Heads of State offered dialogue with the rulers of these Southern African states under the condition that they accept basic principles of human rights and human liberties. They also threatened to support the various liberation wars if negotiations failed.
Timeline of Zambia (Northern Rhodesia)
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References
- 1 2 3 4 S, D. (1963-04-01). "Zambia Shall be Free". African Affairs. 62 (247): 170–171. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a095104. ISSN 0001-9909.
- ↑ Markhama, J. G. (September 1963). "Reviews: Zambia Shall be Free by Kaunda Kenneth London, Heinemann, 1962. Pp. 202. 12s. 6d". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 1 (3): 421–423. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00001993. JSTOR 158939. S2CID 153446760.
